| 例句 |
contain verb
⇨ include 1 (an envelope containing a hundred dollar bills) ⇨ limit (contain an epidemic) ⇨ suppress 2 (contain your excitement)include1 verb Does the price include tax? 这个价钱是否包括税款？Some people, and I include myself... 有些人，我也算一个⋯include ♦︎ contain ♦︎ cover ♦︎ incorporate ♦︎ encompass ♦︎ involve ♦︎ build sth in(to sth) ♦︎ embrace ♦︎ take sth inThese words all mean to have sb/sth as a part of sth or make sb/sth a part of sth. 这些词均表示包括、包含或纳入、并入。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to include / contain / incorporate / involve sth in sth◆to incorporate / build sth into sth◆to be included / covered / incorporated / encompassed as sth◆to contain / cover / incorporate / encompass / involve / embrace particular aspects of sth◆to include / contain / cover / incorporate / encompass particular material◆to include / contain / incorporate particular features◆to cover / encompass / embrace particular subjects / issues◆to contain / cover / incorporate / encompass / involve / embrace a (wide) range of things◆to include / contain / cover / incorporate / encompass / involve / embrace the whole of sth◆to directly cover / encompass / involve sth◆to cover / incorporate / encompass / involve sb / sth fully■ include [transitive] (not usually used in the progressive tenses 通常不用于进行时) to have sb/sth as a part of sth; to make sb/sth part of sth 包括；包含；使成为⋯的一部分◆The tour included a visit to the Science Museum.这次游览的行程之一是参观科学博物馆。◆Does the price include tax?这个价钱是否包括税款？◆Your duties will include typing letters and answering the phone.你的职责包括打信件和接电话。◆You should include some examples in your essay.你应该在文章里举一些例子。◆We all went, me included.我们都去了，连我在内。◆Representatives from the country were included as observers at the conference.这个国家的代表被列为会议的观察员。ⓘ When include means 'to have sb/sth as a part of sth', it is not used in the progressive tenses. * include表示“包括、包含”时不用于进行时◆Is the price including tax? OPP exclude ⇨ exclude 1 see also inclusive ⇨ overall ▸ including preposition (abbreviation incl. ) ◆It's £7.50, including tax.共计7.50英镑，含税。 OPP excluding ⇨ exclude verb 1 ▸ inclusion / /ɪnˈkluːʒn/ / noun [uncountable, countable] ◆His inclusion in the team is in doubt.他能否入选该队还未定案。◆There were some surprising inclusions in the list.名单中包括一些意想不到的人。 OPP exclusion ⇨ exclude verb 1 ■ contain [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to have sth inside or as part of sth 包含；含有；容纳◆This drink doesn't contain any alcohol.这种饮料不含任何酒精。◆The bottle contains (= can hold) two litres.此瓶容量为两升。◆He handed over a brown envelope containing a hundred dollar bills.他交出了一个装有一百元钞票的棕色信封。◆Her statement contained one or two inaccuracies.她的陈述有一两处不准确。■ cover [transitive] to include sth; to deal with sth 包括；包含；涉及；处理◆The survey covers all aspects of the business.调查涉及这家企业的各个方面。◆The lectures covered a lot of ground (= a lot of material or subjects).这些讲座涉及的内容极为丰富。◆He manages the sales team covering the northern part of the country (= selling to people in that area).他负责管理该国北部地区的销售团队。◆Do the rules cover (= do they apply to) a case like this?这些规则适用于这种情况吗？ⓘ When cover means 'to include sth' it is not used in the progressive tenses. * cover表示“包括、包含”时不用于进行时◆The survey is covering all aspects of the business. see also be about sth ⇨ apply 2 ▸ coverage / /ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/ / noun [uncountable] ◆magazines with extensive coverage of diet and health topics包含大量饮食与健康主题的杂志■ incorporate / /ɪnˈkɔːpəreɪt; NAmE ɪnˈkɔːrpəreɪt/ [transitive] (rather formal) to include sth so that it forms a part of sth 将⋯包括在内；吸收；使并入◆Many of your suggestions have been incorporated into the plan.你的很多建议已纳入计划中。◆The new car design incorporates all the latest safety features.新的汽车设计包括了所有最新的安全配备。■ encompass /ɪnˈkʌmpəs/ / [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (formal) to include a large number or range of things 包含，包括，涉及（大量事物）◆The job encompasses a wide range of responsibilities.这项工作涉及的职责范围很广。◆The group encompasses all ages.这个小组各种年龄的人都有。■ involve [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to make sb take part in sth 使参加；使加入◆We want to involve as many people as possible in the celebrations.我们希望参加庆典的人越多越好。◆Parents should involve themselves in their children's education.父母应当参与孩子的教育。 OPP exclude ⇨ exclude 2 see also involvement ⇨ involvement ■ ˌbuild sth ˈin■ ˌbuild sth ˈinto sth phrasal verb (built, built) [often passive] to make sth a permanent part of a structure, plan or system 使⋯成为（结构、计划或体系的）组成部分◆We're having new closets built in.我们的新壁橱是嵌入式的。◆The pipes were built into the concrete.管子固定在混凝土里。◆A certain amount of flexibility needs to be built into the system.该系统需要加入一定的灵活性。▸ ˌbuilt-ˈin adjective [only before noun] ◆built-in wardrobes / closets / cupboards / units嵌入式衣橱／壁橱／橱柜／整体厨房■ embrace / /ɪmˈbreɪs/ / [transitive, no passive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (formal) to cover or include sth; to unite different things 包括；包含；涵盖◆The talks embraced a wide range of issues.这些谈话涉及的问题非常广泛。◆The word 'mankind' embraces men, women and children.“人类”一词包括男人、女人和孩子。■ ˌtake sth ˈin phrasal verb (took, taken) [no passive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to include sth, especially a place on a trip 包括，包含（尤指旅行所到之地）◆The tour takes in six European capitals.这次旅游涵盖六个欧洲国家的首都。 limit verb ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ confine sb/sth to sth 另见confine sb/sth to sth条limit ♦︎ control ♦︎ restrict ♦︎ curb ♦︎ contain ♦︎ check ♦︎ cap ♦︎ rein sth in ♦︎ suppress ♦︎ hold/keep sth in checkThese words all mean to stop sth increasing beyond a particular amount or level, from spreading or from getting worse. 这些词均表示限制、抑制。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be limited / restricted to sth◆to limit / control / restrict / curb / check / cap / rein in spending◆to limit / control / restrict / curb / check growth◆to limit / control / curb / contain / check inflation◆to keep spending / inflation / growth in check◆to limit / control / restrict / curb / cap expenditure◆to limit / control / curb / contain / check the spread of sth◆to limit / control / check the expansion of sth◆to limit / control / restrict the size / number / extent / amount of sth◆to limit / control / restrict / curb / check your speed◆to drastically / greatly / severely limit / restrict / curb sth■ limit [transitive] to stop sth from increasing beyond a particular amount or level 限制；限定◆Calorie intake is strictly limited to 1 000 a day.热量的摄入严格限定在每天1 000大卡。◆The amount of money you have to spend will limit your choice.你要消费的金额限制着你的选择。◆They introduced measures to limit carbon dioxide emissions from cars.他们采取了措施限制汽车二氧化碳的排放。◆There is no evidence that the restrictions have limited the effectiveness of the advertising.没有证据表明这些规定制约了广告的效果。■ control (-ll-) [transitive] to limit sth or make it happen in a particular way 控制；限制；限定◆The government has announced new measures to control immigration.政府已宣布了限制外来移民的新措施。◆Many biological processes are controlled by hormones.许多生理过程都是由激素控制的。◆Parents should control what their kids watch on television.家长应该限定孩子看什么样的电视节目。■ restrict [transitive] to limit the size, amount or range of sth 限制，限定（规模、数量或范围）◆We restrict the number of students per class to ten.我们把每个班的学生人数限定为十人。◆They tried to control traffic congestion by restricting entry to the city.他们试图通过限定进城车辆的数量来防止交通拥堵。◆Fog severely restricted visibility.浓雾严重影响了能见度。◆There have been several attempts to restrict the sale of alcohol.曾做过几次限制酒精饮料销售的尝试。NOTE 辨析 Limit or restrict?In many cases you can use either word; however, restrict is used more often to talk about limiting what people can do; limit is used both for limiting what people can do and for controlling the effects of sth. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用，但restrict更多指限定人的行为，limit既可指限定人的行为，也可指控制某事的效果◆to restrict carbon dioxide emissions from cars ◆to restrict the effectiveness of advertising ■ curb [transitive] to control or limit sth, especially sth bad 控制，抑制，约束（有害事物）◆A range of policies have been introduced aimed at curbing inflation.为了抑制通货膨胀已实施了一系列的政策。◆This legislation will greatly curb the power of local authorities.这次立法将大大限制地方当局的权力。■ contain [transitive] (written) to stop sth harmful from spreading or getting worse 防止⋯蔓延；防止⋯恶化◆Far more could have been done to contain the epidemic.本可以做更多事情来防止此次流行病的蔓延。◆He introduced repressive measures to contain the violence.他采取了一些遏止暴力行为的镇压措施。■ check [transitive] to stop sth bad from continuing 控制，抑制，阻止（有害事物）◆The government is determined to check the growth of public spending.政府决心要控制公共开支的增长。◆She tied some strips of cloth around the wound to check the bleeding.她在伤口上缠了些布条来止血。NOTE 辨析 Curb, contain or check?To contain a problem is to stop it from getting worse or spreading over a larger area, but without actually getting rid of it from the areas where it already exists; to curb sth is to reduce it to a lower level; to check sth is to stop it altogether. * contain指防止问题恶化或蔓延，但并不能将其根除；curb指降低严重程度；check则指完全控制住。■ cap (-pp-) [transitive, usually passive] (especially BrE) to limit the amount of money that can be charged for sth or spent on sth 限额收取（或支出）◆We will continue to cap local government spending where necessary.必要时我们将继续限制地方政府的开支额度。◆The total annual fee is capped at 1.5 per cent.年费总额限定在1.5%。■ ˌrein sth ˈin to start to control sth strictly, especially after it has been increasing too quickly （尤指增速过快后）严格控制，加强管理◆This is part of a battle to rein in public spending on health.此举是严控公共医疗开支这一艰巨工作的一环。◆If the situation continues, she may not be able to rein in the military much longer.如果这种局面继续下去，她对军队的控制力也许就维持不了多久了。■ suppress / /səˈpres/ / [transitive] (written) to stop sth from growing, developing or continuing, especially a natural process or function 压制，阻止，抑制（自然过程或功能）◆Slimming drugs do help to suppress appetite.减肥药确实能够抑制食欲。◆A 5 cm layer will suppress weed growth.一层5厘米厚的覆盖物就能抑制杂草的生长。OPP stimulate ⇨ stimulate ■ hold sth in ˈcheck■ keep sth in ˈcheck idiom (held, held; kept, kept)to control sth that could be a problem, so that it does not spread or get worse 控制，制止（以免蔓延或恶化）◆They want interest rates kept in check.他们希望利率控制在合理范围之内。◆We need to keep the rabbit population in check.我们需要控制兔子的数量。 suppress2 verb suppress a rebellion 镇压叛乱suppress a feeling 压抑感情suppress ♦︎ control ♦︎ stifle ♦︎ contain ♦︎ restrain ♦︎ keep from sth ♦︎ repress ♦︎ hold sth back ♦︎ check ♦︎ curbThese words all mean to stop yourself from feeling or showing an emotion. 这些词均表示对情感加以抑制、克制。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to control / contain / restrain / check yourself◆to restrain / keep yourself from doing sth◆to suppress / control / contain / restrain / repress / hold back / check your anger◆to suppress / control / stifle / restrain / repress / check / curb an impulse◆to suppress / control / stifle / contain / restrain / repress an urge◆to suppress / control / stifle / contain / repress / check a / an feeling / emotion◆to suppress / control / check / curb an instinct◆to control / contain / restrain / curb your impatience◆to suppress / control / contain your excitement◆to control / contain / curb your temper◆to suppress / control / contain / restrain / hold back tears◆to suppress / control / stifle / restrain a smile◆to barely suppress / control / contain / restrain / repress / hold back sth◆to hardly suppress / control / contain / keep from sth■ suppress / /səˈpres/ / [transitive] to stop yourself from feeling or showing an emotion or thinking about sth, even though you might want to 抑制，控制，忍住（情感或思想）◆She was unable to suppress a giggle.她忍不住笑出声来。◆He had suppressed the painful memories of his childhood.他尽力不去回想那些痛苦的童年记忆。◆Her face was charged with barely suppressed anger.她的脸上充满了勉强忍住的怒火。OPP arouse ⇨ stimulate ▸ suppression noun [uncountable] ◆the suppression of emotion / feelings对情感的抑制■ control (-ll-) [transitive] to manage to make yourself remain calm, even though you are angry or upset 抑制，克制（怒气或不快）◆I was so furious I couldn't control myself and I hit him.我气得无法自制，就打了他。◆The clerk could scarcely control his excitement.那位职员简直无法抑制内心的激动。 see also self-control ⇨ restraint ■ stifle / /ˈstaɪfl/ / [transitive] to stop yourself from showing how you feel, especially through a physical action such as laughing, crying or yawning 忍住，抑制（尤指笑、哭或打哈欠等）◆He stifled the urge to laugh.他抑制住了笑的冲动。◆She managed to stifle a yawn.她设法忍住了呵欠。ⓘ You might stifle a laugh or a yawn because you don't want to seem rude. * stifle可指出于礼貌而忍住大笑或呵欠。■ contain [transitive] (written) to keep your emotions under control 控制，克制，抑制（感情）◆I was so furious I just couldn't contain myself.我气愤极了，简直无法克制自己。◆She could hardly contain her excitement.她几乎无法抑制内心的激动。■ restrain / /rɪˈstreɪn/ / [transitive] to stop yourself from feeling an emotion or doing sth that you would like to do, because you realize this might make a situation worse 约束（自己）；控制（自己）；忍住◆I restrained the urge to punch him.我抑制住了自己的冲动，没用拳头打他。◆I was tempted to answer back, but I restrained myself.我想还嘴，但忍住了。 see also restraint ⇨ restraint ■ ˈkeep from sth■ ˈkeep yourself from sth phrasal verb (kept, kept)to stop yourself from doing sth, especially showing an emotion 忍住，克制（尤指不流露感情）◆She could hardly keep herself from laughing out loud.她差一点大声笑起来。◆Caroline bit her lip to keep from telling him how wrong he was.卡罗琳咬着嘴唇，忍住没说出他的错误有多严重。■ repress / /rɪˈpres/ / [transitive] (rather formal) to try hard not to feel or show an emotion 克制，抑制，压抑（情感）◆He burst in, making no effort to repress his fury.他闯了进来，毫不掩饰自己的愤怒。◆They tend to hide their emotions and repress their desires.他们往往会掩饰自己的情感并克制自己的欲望。▸ repression noun [uncountable] ◆sexual repression性压抑NOTE 辨析 Suppress or repress? Repress is less frequent and more formal than suppress. Suppress is used more often to describe a deliberate effort to prevent your feelings being seen by other people; repress is a slightly stronger word, often suggesting that you do not want your inner feelings to be expressed at all, even to yourself. 与suppress相比，repress较少用，也较正式。suppress更常指故意掩饰自己的感情不让别人看出来；repress语气稍强，常意味着根本不想表露自己的内心感情，甚至对自己也是这样。■ ˌhold sth ˈback phrasal verb (held, held)to stop yourself expressing how you really feel, especially through laughing or crying 抑制，控制（尤指大笑、哭等）；不露声色◆He bravely held back his tears.他勇敢地忍住了自己的眼泪。◆At times he could barely hold back his impatience.有时候他几乎无法控制自己的不耐烦。■ check [transitive] (written) to suddenly stop yourself from saying or doing sth or from showing an emotion 克制，抑制（说某事、做某事或表露感情）◆She wanted to tell him the whole truth but she checked herself.她本想告诉他全部真相，但又忍住了。◆She made no effort to check her tears and just let them run down her face.她没有克制自己的眼泪，听凭它们顺着脸颊往下流。■ curb [transitive] to keep an aspect of your personality under control, especially a bad one or one that is considered bad 控制，抑制，约束（尤指不好的性格）◆He needs to learn to curb his temper.他需要学会控制自己的脾气。◆She has to curb her natural exuberance.她只得抑制住自己热情洋溢的性格。 |