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organization noun
⇨ organization (a political organization) ⇨ efficiency (lack organization) ⇨ planning (the organization of a trip) ⇨ system (the organization of modern societies) organization (BrE also organisation) noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ union 另见union条organization ♦︎ centre ♦︎ institution ♦︎ instituteThese are all words for a group of people working together for a particular purpose, such as education, research or business, or a place used for such a purpose. 这些词均表示教育、研究或商业等机构或其办公场所。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an organization / a centre / an institution / an institute for sth◆a private organization / institution◆a government organization / institution / institute◆a research / training organization / centre / institution / institute■ organization (BrE also organisation) [countable] an organized group of people with a particular purpose, such as a business, club or government department 组织；团体；机构◆There need to be changes throughout the organization.整个组织都需要变革。◆Voluntary organizations working with the homeless are against the proposal.为无家可归者服务的志愿组织反对这项建议。◆The World Health Organization has called for $10 million to purchase medical supplies.世界卫生组织需要1 000万元购买医疗补给品。ⓘ Organization can be used as a general word for a business, club, society, government department, political party, trade union, pressure group or charity. It is not usually used to refer to a school, college or university. * organization可泛指企业、俱乐部、社团、政府部门、政党、工会、压力集团或慈善机构，通常不指学校、学院或大学。 see also foundation ⇨ charity ■ centre (BrE) (NAmE center) [countable] a building or place used for a particular purpose or activity; a place where a particular kind of work is done well 活动中心；（某领域中成绩突出的）中心◆They've set up a local centre for people with epilepsy.他们在本地设立了一个癫痫病人活动中心。◆The classes are run by the Centre for Languages and Literature.这些课程由语言与文学中心开设。◆The university is recognized as an international centre of excellence for training dentists.这所大学是公认的优秀的国际牙医培训中心。ⓘ Centre is often used in compounds. * centre常用于构成复合词◆a sports / leisure / community / shopping / conference / business centre运动／休闲／社区／购物／会议／商业中心 ■ institution /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃn; NAmE ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃn/ [countable] a large, important organization that has a particular purpose, for example a university or bank （大学、银行等规模大的）机构◆The deal is backed by one of the country's largest financial institutions.这笔交易得到了该国最大的一家金融机构的支持。◆The system is targeted mainly at academic and research institutions.该系统主要是针对学术和研究机构而设的。 see also foundation ⇨ charity ■ institute /ˈɪnstɪtjuːt; NAmE ˈɪnstɪtuːt/ [countable] an organization that has a particular purpose, especially one that is connected with education or a particular profession; the building used by this organization （教育、专业等）机构，机构建筑◆He is a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants.他是特许会计师协会会员。NOTE 辨析 Institution or institute? Institution can refer to a range of organizations such as banks or government departments. Both institution and institute are words for academic and research organizations. Institution is usually used to describe a type of organization. * institution可指银行或政府部门等各种机构。institution和institute均可指学术和研究机构。institution通常指一类机构◆many research institutions许多研究机构 Institute usually refers to a particular organization or its building, and is part of its name. * institute通常指某个具体的机构或其建筑物，并用在机构的名称中◆the Dundee Institute of Technology邓迪理工学院 efficiency noun efficiency ♦︎ order ♦︎ coherence ♦︎ organization ♦︎ structure ♦︎ methodThese are all words for the quality of being organized and working well. 这些词均表示条理、效率。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆efficiency / coherence / method in sth◆great efficiency / coherence◆to bring / give order / coherence / structure to sth◆to have order / coherence / organization / structure◆to impose order / coherence / structure on sth◆to achieve efficiency / coherence◆to create order / coherence◆to lack order / coherence / organization / structure◆a lack of order / coherence / organization / structure■ efficiency / /ɪˈfɪʃnsi/ / [uncountable] the quality of doing sth well with no waste of time or money 效率；效能；功效◆The new computer system will cut costs and increase efficiency.这一新的电脑系统可以降低成本，提高效率。◆New standards of energy efficiency (= not wasting energy) are being introduced.新的能源效率标准即将出台。OPP inefficiency ⇨ ineffective ■ order [uncountable] the state of being well organized or neatly arranged 条理◆Get your ideas into some sort of order before you begin to write.落笔之前，先要理清思路。◆She always liked creating order out of chaos.她总是喜欢让无序变得有序。◆The house had been kept in good order.房子保持得井井有条。◆I felt it was time to put my life in order.我觉得到了该好好安排我自己生活的时候了。OPP disorder ⇨ mess 1 , chaos ⇨ chaos see also ordered , orderly ⇨ neat ■ coherence /kəʊˈhɪərəns; NAmE koʊˈhɪrəns/ [uncountable] (formal) the situation in which all the parts of sth fit or work well together 连贯性；条理性◆Some of the points you make are good, but the essay as a whole lacks coherence.你提出的一些论点很好，但从整体上说文章不够连贯。◆The party tried to find some kind of ideological coherence.该党试图在意识形态上达成某种一致。 see also coherent ⇨ rational ■ organization (BrE also organisation) [uncountable] the quality of being arranged in a neat, careful or logical way 条理；系统性◆She's highly intelligent but her work lacks organization.她聪明绝顶，但工作缺乏条理。◆As a manager he's obsessed with organization.作为一名经理，他极为信奉系统性。NOTE 辨析 Order or organization? Order is a state that can be created or that sth can be put into; organization is a quality that sth either has or lacks. * order是一种状态，可以作create或put into的宾语；organization是一种特质，作have或lack的宾语◆Get your ideas into some sort of organization. ◆creating organization out of chaos ■ structure [uncountable, countable] the state of being well organized or planned with all the parts linked together 精心组织；系统安排◆In terms of structure the novel has several flaws.就组织结构而言，这部小说有几处瑕疵。◆Children need structure in their lives.儿童的生活需要有周密的安排。 see also structure ⇨ structure noun ■ method [uncountable] the quality of being well planned and well organized 条理；有条不紊◆We have to apply some method to this investigation.做这项调查，我们必须要有条理。ⓘ Method is used especially to talk about a way of doing a task or solving a problem. * method尤指做事或解决问题的有条理的方法。 planning noun planning ♦︎ arrangement ♦︎ preparation ♦︎ provision ♦︎ organization ♦︎ coordination ♦︎ logisticsThese are all words for the act or process of making plans for sth. 这些词均表示计划的制订或规划的过程。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆planning / arrangements / preparations / provision / organization for sb / sth◆planning / arrangements / preparations / provision to do sth◆careful / detailed / meticulous planning / preparation / organization◆adequate / proper arrangements / preparation / provision / coordination◆the essential / necessary planning / arrangements / preparation / provision / coordination◆final planning / arrangements / preparations◆financial / economic planning / arrangements / provision◆to make arrangements / preparations / provision◆to need / require planning / preparation / provision / coordination◆to do the planning / preparation / organization / coordination◆to complete / finalize the planning / arrangements / preparations◆a lack of planning / preparation / provision / organization / coordination■ planning [uncountable] the act or process of making plans for sth 计划制订；规划过程◆Planning for the future makes some people nervous.筹划未来让某些人心慌。◆Sensible planning will minimize disruption to the schedule.合理地计划将可以最大限度地减少计划被打乱带来的不便。◆The project is still at the early planning stage.该项目仍处于早期规划阶段。 see also plan ⇨ organize ■ arrangement [countable, usually plural] a plan that you make so that sth can happen 安排；筹备◆I made arrangements for him to be met at the airport.我安排了人到机场接他。◆I'll leave the practical arrangements to you.我把具体安排工作交给你。◆Have you finalized your travel arrangements yet?你做好旅行安排了吗？ see also arrange ⇨ organize ■ preparation [uncountable, countable, usually plural] the act or process of getting ready for sth or making sth ready; things that you do to get ready for sth or make sth ready 准备；预备；准备工作◆Preparation for the party started early.聚会的准备工作很早就开始了。◆The third book in the series is currently in preparation.丛书的第三册目前正准备出版。◆The team has been training hard in preparation for the big game.为备战这场重要的比赛，这个队一直在进行艰苦的训练。◆The gallery is making preparations to celebrate the artist's centenary.为庆祝这位艺术家百年诞辰，美术馆正在做准备工作。 see also preparatory ⇨ first , prepare ⇨ prepare 1 2 ■ provision [uncountable, countable] preparations that you make for sth that might or will happen in the future （为将来做的）准备◆You need to make adequate provision for your retirement.你需要为退休做充分的准备。◆The company had made provisions against falls in land prices.该公司已经为地价下跌做好了准备。 see also provide for sth ⇨ prepare 2 ■ organization (BrE also organisation) [uncountable] the act of making arrangements or preparations for sth 组织工作；筹备工作◆An event on this scale takes a lot of organization.这样大规模的活动需要做很多筹备工作。◆They blamed the government for the poor organization of the election.他们认为这次竞选的组织工作没做好，政府应该为此负责。 see also organize ⇨ organize ■ coordination (BrE also co-ordination) / /kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃn; NAmE koʊˌɔːrdɪˈneɪʃn/ [uncountable] the act of making the parts of sth or groups of people work together in an efficient and organized way 协作；协调；配合◆There's a need for greater coordination between departments.有必要加强各部门之间的配合。◆The job requires a lot of coordination with others.这项工作非常需要与他人配合。◆The pamphlet was produced in coordination with residents' groups.在居民小组的配合下这本小册子做好了。■ logistics /ləˈdʒɪstɪks/ / [uncountable + singular or plural verb] the practical organization that is needed to make a complicated plan successful 后勤；组织工作◆We have the aid money, but the logistics of getting it to those in need are daunting.我们得到了救援资金，但是要把这些钱发放给有需要的人，工作量极大。 system noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ structure 另见structure条system ♦︎ network ♦︎ organization ♦︎ web ♦︎ apparatus ♦︎ workingsThese are all words for the way sth is organized or the way the different parts of sth connect with each other. 这些词均表示系统、体系、体制。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a system / a network / an apparatus for sth◆in / within a system / a network / a web / the apparatus◆the whole system / network / web / apparatus◆a / the complex system / network / organization / web / apparatus / workings◆a social system / network / organization◆an adminstrative system / network / apparatus◆to create a system / network / web◆to set up / establish a system / network◆to improve a system / the organization of sth◆to understand / explain a system / the organization of sth / the workings of sth■ system [countable] the way in which sth is organized; a group of things or pieces of equipment that are connected or work together 体系；体制；系统◆the educational / justice system教育体制；司法体系◆a heating / computer system供热／计算机系统◆Their existing system of government seems to work reasonably well.他们现有的政府体制似乎运转良好。◆The alarm system had been switched off.警报系统已关闭。■ network [countable] a closely connected group of people or companies that exchange information and help each other 关系网；人际网◆She has a supportive network of close friends.她有一群支持她的亲密朋友。◆The company has a network of regional offices.该公司有一个由各地方办事处构成的网络。◆They have one of the most efficient distribution networks in Europe.他们的分销网是欧洲最具效率的分销网之一。■ organization (BrE also organisation) [uncountable] the way in which the different parts of sth are arranged, especially in a society or institution （尤指社会或机构中的）安排，配置，分配◆The report studies the organization of labour within the civil service.报告研究了政府行政部门内部的人力分配问题。◆They experimented with new forms of social organization.他们尝试实行一些新的社会组织形式。■ web [countable] a complicated pattern of things that are closely connected, especially when they are difficult to deal with or understand 网状物；网络；错综复杂的事物◆An increasingly complex web of legislation has been considered.曾经考虑构建更加复杂的立法体系。◆We were caught in a tangled web of relationships.我们陷入了错综复杂的人际关系网络。◆She discovered a web of intrigue (= secret activities).她发现了一套阴谋诡计。◆a web of deceit / lies一套诈骗计划；连篇谎言ⓘ Many of the collocates of the word web in this meaning make you think of the literal meaning of a spider's web. Collocates include tangled, caught (up) in, entangled in, drawn into, spin, weave and centre of. * web表达此义时，许多搭配词都会使人联想到蜘蛛网的字面意思，这些搭配词有tangled、caught (up) in、entangled in、drawn into、spin、weave和centre of。■ apparatus /ˌæpəˈreɪtəs; NAmE ˌæpəˈrætəs/ [countable, usually singular] the structure of a system or organization, especially that of a government or political party, including all the people working at different levels with different degrees of power （尤指政府或政党的）机构，组织，机关◆Under the new system there was to be no all-powerful central state apparatus.在新体制中，国家中央机关不再拥有至高无上的权力。◆the apparatus of government政府机构■ workings [plural] the way in which a system or organization works （系统或机构的）运作方式，工作方法◆The classes give an introduction to the workings of Congress.这些课程介绍国会的运作方式。◆In the book he tries to give a complete description of the workings of the human mind.他力图在书中对人脑的活动方式作出全面描述。ⓘ Workings is usually used in the phrases the workings (of sth) or sth's workings. * workings通常用于短语the workings (of sth)或sth's workings中。 |