| 例句 |
wilful adj.
⇨ deliberate (wilful damage) ⇨ stubborn (a wilful child) deliberate adjective deliberate ♦︎ intended ♦︎ conscious ♦︎ intentional ♦︎ wilful ♦︎ calculated ♦︎ premeditated ♦︎ purposefulThese words all describe an action which is done on purpose, is planned in advance or aims to achieve sth. 这些词均表示某个行为是故意的、事先计划好的或有目的的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a deliberate / a conscious / an intentional / a wilful / a calculated / a premeditated / a purposeful act◆a deliberate / an intended / a conscious / an intentional / a calculated / a purposeful action◆deliberate / conscious / wilful neglect◆deliberate / intentional / wilful cruelty◆deliberate / conscious / calculated attempts / manipulation■ deliberate done on purpose rather than by accident 蓄意的；故意的；存心的◆The speech was a deliberate attempt to embarrass the government.该发言蓄意使政府难堪。◆The emphasis on Europe was quite deliberate.对欧洲的强调是故意而为。OPP accidental ⇨ accident ▸ deliberately adverb ◆She was accused of deliberately misleading Parliament.她被指控蓄意误导议会。◆Her tone was deliberately insulting.她的语气带有故意侮辱的意味。OPP accidentally ⇨ accident ■ intended [only before noun] that you are trying to achieve or reach 意欲达到的；预期的；预定的◆The bullet missed its intended target.子弹没有击中预定目标。◆The intended victims were selected because they seemed vulnerable.选这些人下手是因为他们看起来容易得手。OPP unintended ⇨ unconscious see also intend ⇨ intend ■ conscious (of actions or feelings) deliberate or controlled, with the person doing it being fully aware of what they are doing （行为或感情）有意的，刻意的，慎重的◆She made a conscious decision to spend more time with her family.她着意要多花些时间与家人相处。◆I made a conscious effort to get there on time.我刻意要让自己准时到达那里。OPP unconscious , subconscious ⇨ unconscious ▸ consciously adverb ◆I never really consciously set out to be a war photographer.我从未真正刻意想做一名战地摄影师。◆Whether consciously or unconsciously, you made a choice.不管有意还是无意，你已经作出了选择。OPP unconsciously ⇨ unconscious ■ intentional (rather formal) deliberate 蓄意的；故意的；存心的◆I'm sorry I left you off the list－it wasn't intentional.很抱歉没有把你列入名单，我不是有意的。◆She felt she was a victim of intentional discrimination.她觉得自己遭到蓄意歧视。OPP unintentional ⇨ unconscious ▸ intentionally adverb ◆He'd never intentionally hurt anyone.他从来没有故意伤害任何人。◆Intentionally or not, police procedures may be biased.不管故意与否，警方的办案程序可能有成见。OPP unintentionally ⇨ unconscious NOTE 辨析 Deliberate or intentional?There is no real difference in meaning between these words, but intentional is less frequent and more formal and has a narrower range of collocates. 这两个词在含义上没有实质差别，但intentional使用频率较低，更为正式，搭配范围也更窄一些。■ wilful (especially BrE) (NAmE usually willful) [usually before noun] (formal, disapproving or law 法律) (of a bad or harmful action) done on purpose, even though the person doing it knows that it is wrong （不好或有害的行为）故意的，有意的，成心的◆He was charged with wilful damage to property.他被控犯了蓄意破坏财产罪。▸ wilfully adverb ◆They were charged with wilfully neglecting their children.他们被指控故意对孩子疏于照管。■ calculated [usually before noun] carefully planned to get what you want 精心策划的；蓄意的◆It was either a ridiculous mistake or a calculated insult.这不是愚蠢错误就是蓄意侮辱。◆He took a calculated risk (= a risk that you decide is worth taking even though you know it might have bad results).他甘冒风险，因为他觉得值。ⓘ Calculated is often used to talk about sth a person does that deliberately causes harm to others. * calculated常用来表示故意做伤害别人的事情。■ premeditated / /ˌpriːˈmedɪteɪtɪd/ / (often disapproving) (of a crime or bad action) planned in advance （犯罪或不良行为）事先策划的，预谋的◆The killing had not been premeditated.这次杀人并非是预谋的。◆This was a callous, premeditated attack on a defenceless young man.这是对一个手无寸铁的青年的蓄意残害。 OPP unpremeditated ⓘ Unpremeditated crimes are not planned in advance. * unpremeditated表示所指的犯罪并非预谋的、非事先策划的。■ purposeful acting with a clear aim and with determination 有目的的；坚毅的；果断的◆She looked purposeful and determined.她看上去胸有成竹，意志坚定。◆He approached each task in the same purposeful manner.他以同样坚定的态度应对每一项任务。▸ purposefully adverb ◆Edward strode purposefully towards the door.爱德华迈着坚定的步伐朝门口走去。 stubborn adjective stubborn ♦︎ obstinate ♦︎ wilful ♦︎ headstrong ♦︎ strong-willedThese words all describe a person who is determined not to change their opinion or behaviour and refuses to listen to advice. 这些词均表示固执的、倔强的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a stubborn / an obstinate / a wilful child◆a stubborn / an obstinate man / woman◆a stubborn / an obstinate / a wilful refusal■ stubborn /ˈstʌbən; NAmE ˈstʌbərn/ (often disapproving) determined not to change your opinion or attitude 固执的；执拗的；顽固的；倔强的◆He was too stubborn to admit that he was wrong.他太固执，不肯认错。◆She has inherited her mother's stubborn streak.她继承了母亲的倔强性格。◆ (approving) He started out with nothing but raw talent and stubborn determination.他起初一无所有，只有天生的才能和坚定的决心。▸ stubbornly adverb ◆She stubbornly refused to pay.她怎么都不肯付钱。■ obstinate /ˈɒbstɪnət; NAmE ˈɑːbstɪnət/ (usually disapproving) refusing to change your opinions or behaviour when other people try to persuade you to 执拗的；固执的；顽固的◆He can be very obstinate when he wants to.他的犟劲儿一上来，简直执拗得要命。◆Their position remains one of obstinate denial, even in face of the new evidence.即使在新证据面前他们还是固执地持否定立场。▸ obstinately adverb ◆She obstinately refused to consider the future.她执意拒不考虑未来。■ wilful (especially BrE) (NAmE usually willful) (disapproving) determined to do what you want; not caring about what other people want 任性的；固执的；倔强的◆He was an aggressive, often selfish and wilful child.他是个好斗的孩子，常常自私而任性。■ headstrong /ˈhedstrɒŋ; NAmE >ˈhedstrɔːŋ/ (disapproving, especially written) determined to do things your own way and refusing to listen to advice 固执的；倔强任性的◆She is too wild and headstrong to be guided by me.她太放纵任性，根本不听我指导。■ ˌstrong-ˈwilled (often disapproving) determined to do what you want, even if other people advise you not to 意志坚强的；坚持己见的◆She was a fiercely independent and strong-willed woman.她是个特别独立且意志坚强的女性。NOTE 辨析 Which word? Wilful and headstrong are always disapproving terms: a wilful or headstrong person is always wrong and the people trying to oppose or advise them are always right. A strong-willed person may be right or wrong but does not listen to advice. Obstinate often suggests that sb will not change their behaviour simply in order to be difficult and cause problems for other people. Stubborn can suggest this too, but it can also be admiring or approving, as in the phrase stubborn determination. * wilful和headstrong总带有贬义，它们所修饰的人总是错误的，而设法反对他们或给他们提建议的人总是正确的。strong-willed所修饰的人可对可错，反正不听劝告。obstinate常意味着为了让别人难受而拒绝改变自己的行为。stubborn也可带有这样的意思，但也可有令人钦佩或赞同之意，例如在短语stubborn determination（坚定的决心）中。 |