| 例句 |
decrease verb
⇨ fall 1 (Donations have decreased.) ⇨ reduce (The dose was gradually decreased.)decrease noun
⇨ reductionfall1 verb the temperature falls 温度下降fall into the river 掉进河里slip and fall on the ice 在冰上滑一跤 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ slump 另见slump条fall ♦︎ decline ♦︎ drop ♦︎ diminish ♦︎ decrease ♦︎ sink ♦︎ come downThese are all words that can be used when the amount, level or number of sth goes down. 这些词均表示数量减少或程度下降。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to fall / decline / drop / diminish / decrease / sink / come down by 100, 25%, a half, etc.◆to fall / decline / drop / decrease / sink / come down from 15 000 to 1 000◆to decline / diminish / decrease / come down in number, level, size, etc.◆to decline / diminish / decrease with age, time, experience, etc.◆numbers fall / decline / drop / diminish / decrease / come down◆levels fall / decline / drop / decrease◆prices / rates fall / decline / drop / decrease / sink / come down◆profits / sales fall / decline / drop / decrease / sink◆the temperature falls / drops◆sb's voice falls / drops / sinks◆to fall / decline / drop / diminish / decrease / sink sharply / rapidly◆to fall / decline / drop / decrease dramatically / suddenly◆to fall / decline / drop / diminish / decrease slightly / slowly / gradually / steadily■ fall (fell, fallen) [intransitive, transitive] to become lower or less in level, number or strength （数量）减少；（水平）下降；（强度）减小◆Their profits have fallen by 30 per cent.他们的利润减少了30%。◆The temperature fell sharply in the night.夜间温度陡降。◆Falling birth rates could have an impact on future economic growth.下降的出生率可能会对未来的经济增长产生影响。◆ (written) Her voice fell to a whisper.她的声音变小，成了耳语。◆Share prices fell 30p.股价下跌了30便士。OPP rise ⇨ rise see also fall ⇨ reduction noun ■ decline / /dɪˈklaɪn/ / [intransitive] (rather formal, especially written) to become lower or less in level, number, size, strength or importance （水平、数量、大小、强度或重要性）减少，下降，衰退◆The number of tourists visiting the resort declined by 10% last year.去年到这个胜地旅游的人数减少了10%。◆Manufacturing industry has slowly declined in importance.制造业已慢慢变得不如从前那么重要了。OPP increase ⇨ rise see also decline ⇨ reduction noun ■ drop (-pp-) [intransitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to become lower or less in level, number or strength （数量）减少；（水平）下降；（强度）减小◆The Dutch team have dropped to fifth place.荷兰队已降至第五名。◆At last the wind dropped.风势终于减弱了。OPP rise , climb ⇨ rise see also drop ⇨ reduction noun NOTE 辨析 Fall, decline or drop?In many cases you can use any of these words. 这些词在很多情况下可以通用◆Sales have fallen / declined / dropped by 20%.销售额下降了20%。They can all be used to talk about numbers, levels, rates, prices, profits and sales. To talk about a loss of economic strength in a particular place or industry, use decline. 这些词均可描述数量、水平、比率、价格、利润和销售额。描述特定地方或行业的经济实力衰退用decline◆The area / city / industry / market / sector has declined (in importance).该地区／城市／行业／市场／领域（的重要性）降低了。You can also use decline to talk about support for or interest in sth, or a person's health. A person's voice can fall or drop. Temperatures fall or drop. The wind can only drop. Things can fall or decline over a period of time, but drop cannot be used in the progressive tenses. * decline还可表示对事物的支持减少、兴趣下降或人的健康状况恶化。人的声音变小或温度下降用fall或drop均可。风势减弱只能用drop。fall和decline均可指在一段时间内减少、下降，而drop不能用于进行时◆Sales have been falling / declining.销售额一直在下降。◆falling / declining sales下降的销售额◆Sales have been dropping. ◆dropping sales ■ diminish / /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/ / [intransitive] (rather formal, especially written) to become lower or less in number, amount or strength （数目、数量或强度）减少，下降，变弱◆The world's resources are rapidly diminishing.世界的资源正在迅速减少。◆His influence has diminished with time.随着时间的推移，他的影响已不如从前了。◆Our efforts were producing diminishing returns (= we achieved less although we spent more time or money).我们加大了投入，收益却在递减。ⓘ Numbers and amounts of sth can diminish, but figures, rates, levels, profits and sales cannot. * diminish可与number和amount搭配，指数量减少，但不能表示数字、比率、水平、利润和销售额下降。 OPP enhance ⇨ improve 1 ■ decrease [intransitive] (rather formal) to fall in number or level （数量）减少；（水平）下降◆The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year.今年新生人数从210减少到160。◆The number of quarrels among children decreases with age (= the older they are, the fewer quarrels they have).儿童间争吵的次数随着年龄增长而减少。OPP increase ⇨ rise see also decrease ⇨ reduction noun ■ sink (sank, sunk) [intransitive] (especially business 尤用于商业) to fall in value or strength （价值或强度）降低，减弱◆The pound has sunk to its lowest recorded level against the dollar.英镑对美元的比价已降到历史新低。◆His voice sank almost to a whisper.他的声音渐低，几乎成了耳语。 OPP rise ⇨ rise ■ ˌcome ˈdown phrasal verb (came, come)(especially of prices) to fall in level （尤指价格）下降，降低◆The price of gas is coming down.煤气价格在下跌。◆Gas is coming down in price.煤气价格在下跌。OPP go up ⇨ rise reduce verb ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ cut 1 另见cut条第1义reduce ♦︎ lower ♦︎ minimize ♦︎ decrease ♦︎ bring sth down ♦︎ turn sth downThese words all mean to make sth smaller or less in size, amount or degree. 这些词均表示减少、缩小、降低。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to reduce sth / lower sth / bring sth down from 10 to 5◆to reduce / lower / decrease sth by half, 50, etc.◆to reduce / lower / minimize / decrease / bring down the number / amount / level / cost of sth◆to reduce / lower / minimize / decrease the risk / chance / rate of sth◆to reduce / lower / decrease / bring down the price of sth◆to reduce / lower / turn down the volume / sound◆to reduce / lower / decrease sth significantly / gradually◆to reduce sth / turn sth down slightly■ reduce [transitive] to make sth less or smaller in size, amount, number or level 减少，缩小，降低（尺寸、数量、数目或水平）◆The number of employees was reduced from 40 to 25.雇员人数从40人减少到了25人。◆Costs have been reduced by 20% over the past year.过去一年，成本支出已经减少了20%。◆Giving up smoking reduces the risk of heart disease.戒烟会减少患心脏病的风险。◆Reduce speed now (= on a sign).减速行驶。 OPP increase ⇨ increase verb ■ lower [transitive] to reduce the level of sth 减低，降低（水平）◆This drug is used to lower blood pressure.这种药用于降血压。◆The company may be forced to lower prices in order to stay competitive.为保持竞争力，这家公司可能会被迫降价。◆He lowered his voice to a whisper.他压低了声音悄悄地说。ⓘ Lower is used especially in the contexts of health and finance. * lower尤用于医疗保健和金融语境◆to lower blood pressure / cholesterol levels降低血压／胆固醇水平◆to lower prices / interest rates降低价格／利率 Reduce can also be used in these cases; however, if you are talking about the level of sb's voice, only lower can be used. * reduce亦可用于这些情况。不过，表示降低说话的声音只能用lower◆He reduced his voice to a whisper. OPP raise ⇨ increase verb ■ minimize (BrE also minimise) / /ˈmɪnɪmaɪz/ / [transitive] to reduce sth, especially sth bad, to the lowest possible level 使（尤指不好的事物）减少到最低限度◆Good hygiene helps to minimize the risk of infection.保持卫生清洁有助于最大限度地减少感染的风险。◆They worked at night in order to minimize the disruption.为尽可能减少干扰，他们在晚上工作。OPP maximize ⇨ increase verb ■ decrease [transitive] (rather formal) to reduce the amount or level of sth 减少，减小，降低（数量或水平）◆People should decrease the amount of fat they eat.人们应减少脂肪的摄入量。◆The dose was gradually decreased after eight weeks.剂量在八周后逐渐减少。 OPP increase ⇨ increase verb ⓘ Decrease is more formal and less frequent than increase; it is used especially in the contexts of health and medicine. The more usual opposite of increase is reduce. * decrease比increase正式，较不常用，尤用于医疗保健和医学语境中。increase更常用的反义词是reduce。■ ˌbring sth ˈdown phrasal verb (brought, brought)to reduce the price, number or level of sth 降低，减少（价格、数量或水平）◆We aim to bring down prices on all our computers.我们打算降低我们所有计算机的价格。◆The economic recovery will bring down unemployment.经济复苏将降低失业率。■ ˌturn sth ˈdown phrasal verb to reduce the noise, heat or light produced by a piece of equipment by moving its controls 把⋯调低；关小◆Please turn the volume down.请把音量调低些。◆He turned the lights down low.他把灯光调得暗了一些。 OPP turn sth up ⇨ increase verb see also turn sth off ⇨ turn sth off reduction noun reduction ♦︎ cut ♦︎ decline ♦︎ fall ♦︎ drop ♦︎ downturn ♦︎ decrease ♦︎ slump ♦︎ cutbackThese are all words for a situation when the amount, level, number or size of sth goes down. 这些词均表示减少、缩小、降低。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a reduction / cut / decline / fall / drop / downturn / decrease / slump / cutback in sth◆a reduction / cut / decline / fall / drop / decrease / cutback of 20%◆a 20% reduction / cut / decline / fall / drop / decrease in sth◆(a) sharp reduction / cuts / decline / fall / drop / downturn / decrease / slump / cutbacks◆(a) large / significant reduction / cuts / decline / fall / drop / downturn / decrease / cutbacks◆(a) big / huge / massive / major reduction / cuts / decline / fall / drop / downturn / slump / cutbacks◆(a) dramatic reduction / cuts / decline / fall / drop / downturn / slump◆(a) drastic reduction / cuts / decline / fall / drop / downturn / cutbacks◆a sudden reduction / decline / fall / drop / downturn / decrease / slump◆a slight reduction / decline / fall / drop / downturn / decrease◆to lead to / result in / cause a reduction / cut / decline / fall / drop / decrease◆to see a reduction / decline / fall / drop / downturn / decrease◆to make reductions / cuts / cutbacks■ reduction [countable, uncountable] an act of making sth less or smaller; the state of being made less or smaller 减少；缩小；降低◆This year has seen a 33% reduction in the number of hospital beds available.今年医院可用床位数量减少了33%。◆The report recommends further reductions in air and noise emissions.这份报告建议进一步降低有害气体和噪音排放量。◆There are reductions (= in the price) for children sharing a room with two adults.孩子和两个大人合住一间房可以打折。◆There has been some reduction in unemployment.失业人数有所减少。OPP increase ⇨ increase noun ■ cut [countable] a reduction that is made in the amount, size or supply of sth （数量、尺寸或供应的）削减，减少，缩减◆They had to take a 20% cut in pay.他们不得不接受减薪20%。◆The company has announced a new round of job cuts.公司宣布了新一轮工作岗位的削减。◆The proposed tax cuts will come into effect next May.减税提议将于明年5月生效。OPP increase ⇨ increase noun see also cut ⇨ cut verb 1 , lay-off ⇨ unemployment NOTE 辨析 Reduction or cut? Reduction can be used for things that become less or smaller by themselves, or things that are reduced deliberately by sb. A cut cannot happen by itself－it has to be made by sb. A cut is often (but not always) a negative thing. * reduction可指事物自行或被人为变少或变小。cut不指自行减少，只指人为减少。cut经常是（但并非总是）负面的◆job / salary / pay cuts裁员；减薪A cut cannot happen over time. A reduction can. * cut不指持续递减，而reduction可以◆a gradual reduction逐渐的减少◆a gradual cut ■ decline [countable, usually singular, uncountable] a continuous reduction that happens in the number, value or quality of sth; the process of a place, tradition or institution gradually becoming less important or coming to an end （数量、价值或质量的）减少，下降；（地方、传统或机构的）衰落，衰退◆These measures have failed to reverse the country's economic decline.这些措施未能扭转该国的经济衰退。◆His book charts the decline and fall of a great civilization.他在书中记载了一个伟大文明的衰亡。◆The town fell into (a) decline (= started to be less busy, important, etc.) after the mine closed.这个镇在矿井关闭后开始萧条。◆Industry in Britain has been in decline since the 1970s.英国工业自20世纪70年代以来一直在走下坡路。OPP rise ⇨ increase noun see also decline ⇨ fall verb 1 , decline ⇨ worsen verb ■ fall [countable] (especially business 尤用于商业) a reduction that happens in the size, number, rate or level of sth （尺寸）减小；（数量）减少；（比率或水平）降低◆Share prices suffered a slight fall yesterday.股票价格昨日微幅下挫。◆This figure represents a fall of 23% on the same period last year.这一数据与去年同期相比下降了23%。OPP rise ⇨ increase noun see also fall ⇨ fall verb 1 ■ drop [countable, usually singular] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) a reduction that happens in the size, number, rate or level of sth （尺寸）减小；（数量）减少；（比率或水平）降低◆If you want the job, you must be prepared to take a drop in salary.如果你想干这份工作，就必须对薪水减少做好思想准备。◆The restaurant has suffered a 10% drop in trade.餐厅的生意下降了10%。OPP rise ⇨ increase noun see also drop ⇨ fall verb 1 NOTE 辨析 Decline, fall or drop?These words all describe a process that happens, rather than a deliberate action by sb. Decline tends to emphasize the process, whether this is fast or slow. 这些词均指自然发生的情况，而不是某人有意所为。decline往往强调衰落的过程，不论快慢◆a steady / sharp decline in profits利润稳步／急剧下降◆a civilization in terminal decline处于衰亡期的文明 Fall and drop tend to emphasize the result of the process. * fall和drop往往强调这一过程的结果◆a fall / drop of 30%30%的下降A fall, like a decline, can happen over time, but a drop cannot. * fall和decline一样可指持续递减，但drop不能◆a gradual decline / fall逐步下降◆a gradual drop ■ downturn / /ˈdaʊntɜːn; NAmE ˈdaʊntɜːrn/ [countable, usually singular] a fall in the amount of business that is done; a time when the economy becomes weaker （生意或经济的）衰退，下降；衰退期◆The building industry is experiencing a severe downturn in its workload.建筑业正经历工程量的严重滑坡。OPP upturn ⇨ increase noun ■ decrease /ˈdiːkriːs/ / [countable, uncountable] a reduction that happens in the amount, level or number of sth （数量）减少；（水平）降低◆There has been a decrease of nearly 6% in the number of visitors to the museum.参观该博物馆的人数下降了近6%。◆Marriage is still on the decrease.结婚率仍在下降。OPP increase ⇨ increase noun see also decrease ⇨ fall verb 1 ⓘ Decrease looks like the most direct opposite of increase, but it is not nearly as frequent as increase. For deliberate reductions, use reduction or cut. For reductions that happen, fall or drop are often preferred, especially in business contexts. * decrease看起来像是increase最直接的反义词，但它远不如increase常用。表示人为的降低用reduction或cut；表示自然发生的降低往往用fall或drop，特别是在商务语境中。■ slump [countable] a sudden fall in sales, prices or the value of sth （销售量、价格或价值的）骤降，猛跌，锐减◆The recession led to a slump in consumer spending.经济衰退导致消费开支急剧下滑。◆The present slump has hit manufacturing hard.目前的金融危机严重打击了制造业。 see also slump ⇨ recession noun , slump ⇨ slump verb NOTE 辨析 Downturn or slump?Both words can be used in the context of business or the economy. 这两个词均可用于商务或经济语境◆a downturn / slump in demand / trade / business / profits需求／贸易额／生意／利润下滑／骤降However, a slump is a bigger and more sudden fall, usually seen from the point of view of the business that is losing money. 不过，slump是更严重、更突然的下降，一般是从亏损企业的角度看。 ■ cutback / /ˈkʌtbæk/ / [countable, usually plural] a reduction that is made in sth, especially money spent, people employed or benefits （尤指支出、雇员人数或福利的）削减，缩减，减少◆Many theatres are having to make major cutbacks.许多剧场不得不大幅削减开支。 see also cut sth back ⇨ cut 1 |