| 例句 |
exercise noun
⇨ assignment (grammar exercises) ⇨ project (a public relations exercise) ⇨ sport (get regular exercise) ⇨ use (the exercise of power)exercise verb
⇨ train 2 (exercise regularly) ⇨ use 1 (exercise care) assignment noun ➡ See also the entries for ⇨ paper and ⇨ task 另见paper条和task条assignment ♦︎ project ♦︎ homework ♦︎ exerciseThese are all words for a task or piece of work that sb has to do, especially as part of their studies. 这些词均表示作业、任务，尤指学生的功课。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a project / homework / an exercise on sth◆a / an easy / difficult assignment / exercise◆(a) geography / history / biology, etc. project / homework◆to do an assignment / a project / your homework / an exercise◆to have an assignment / some homework to do◆to get on with an assignment / a project / your homework◆to finish an assignment / a project / your homework◆to give sb / set (sb) an assignment / their homework / some exercises■ assignment / /əˈsaɪnmənt/ / [countable] a task that sb is given to do, usually as part of their job or studies （分派的）工作，任务◆You will be expected to complete three written assignments.你们要完成三份书面作业。◆I'd set myself a tough assignment.我给自己安排了一项艰巨的任务。◆She's on assignment in Greece at the moment.目前她在希腊执行一项任务。■ project [countable] a piece of work involving careful study of a subject over a period of time, done by school or college students （大、中学学生的）专题研究◆My class is doing a project on medieval towns.我班学生正在做中世纪城镇的专题研究。◆The final term will be devoted to project work.最后一学期的时间将全部用来做专题研究。■ homework [uncountable] work that is given by teachers for students to do at home （学生的）家庭作业◆I still haven't done my geography homework.我还没做完地理作业呢。◆How much homework do you get?你有多少家庭作业？◆I have to write up the notes for homework.我不得不写好家庭作业笔记。■ exercise [countable] a set of questions in a book that tests your knowledge or practises a skill 练习；习题◆grammar exercises语法练习◆Do one exercise for homework.家庭作业是做一个练习。 project noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ process 另见process条project ♦︎ activity ♦︎ operation ♦︎ venture ♦︎ exercise ♦︎ enterprise ♦︎ pursuit ♦︎ undertaking ♦︎ occupationThese are all words for sth that you give your time and energy to, especially in order to achieve a particular aim. 这些词均表示为达到某一目的的活动、项目等。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a major / successful / joint project / activity / operation / venture / exercise / enterprise / undertaking◆a big / difficult project / operation / exercise / enterprise / undertaking◆an ambitious project / operation / venture / exercise / enterprise / undertaking◆an expensive project / activity / operation / venture / exercise / undertaking◆a profitable activity / venture / exercise / enterprise◆a worthwhile project / activity / venture / exercise / pursuit / undertaking / occupation◆a dangerous activity / operation / exercise / enterprise / undertaking◆a risky project / activity / operation / venture / enterprise / undertaking◆a / an business / commercial / industrial project / activity / operation / venture / enterprise / undertaking◆to set up / run / support a project / an activity / an operation / a venture / an enterprise◆to launch a project / an operation / a venture / an enterprise◆to carry out / supervise a project / an activity / an operation / an exercise◆to be involved in a project / an activity / an operation / a venture / an exercise / an enterprise◆a project / a venture / an enterprise fails / succeeds■ project [countable] a planned piece of work that is designed to find information about sth, to produce sth new or to improve sth 生产（或研究等）项目；方案；工程◆He's working on a research project in the department of social sciences.他正在社会科学系做一个研究项目。◆We want to set up a project to computerize the library system.我们想开展一个图书馆系统电脑化的项目。■ activity [countable] something that you do for interest or pleasure, or in order to achieve a particular aim （为兴趣、娱乐或达到一定目的而进行的）活动◆The club provides a wide variety of activities including tennis, swimming and squash.这家俱乐部的活动丰富多彩，有网球、游泳和壁球。◆The book contains plenty of ideas for classroom activities.书中有很多组织课堂活动的点子。■ operation [countable] (rather formal) an organized activity that involves several people doing different things （有组织的）活动，行动◆A major rescue operation was launched after two divers were reported missing.接到两名潜水者失踪的报警后便组织了一次大规模的搜救行动。◆ (BrE) It was a tricky operation to get all the barrels safely down on to the road.把所有的木桶都完好无损地搬到公路上，这个工作很棘手。■ venture / /ˈventʃə(r)/ / [countable] a business project, especially one that involves taking risks （尤指有风险的）经营项目，投资项目◆The project is a joint venture between the public and private sectors.这是个包含公有和私有成分的合资项目。■ exercise [countable] an activity that is designed to achieve a particular result （为达到某一结果的）活动◆Staying calm was an exercise in self-control.保持镇静是一种自我控制活动。◆In the end it proved a pointless exercise.最终证明那是一项毫无意义的活动。◆As a public relations exercise the festival was clearly a success.作为一个公关活动，这次的文艺节显然很成功。ⓘ In this meaning exercise is often used to talk about controlling or finding out what people think of an organization or person; collocates include marketing, publicity, public relations, propaganda, damage limitation, consultation, evaluation and research. 表达此义时，exercise常指左右或调查人们对某组织或某人的看法的活动，搭配词有marketing、publicity、public relations、propaganda、damage limitation、consultation、evaluation和research。■ enterprise /ˈentəpraɪz; NAmE ˈentərpraɪz/ [countable] a large project, especially one that is difficult （尤指艰巨的）规划，事业◆The music festival is a new enterprise which we hope will become an annual event.这个音乐节是个新规划，我们希望能每年举办一次。■ pursuit /pəˈsjuːt; NAmE pərˈsuːt/ [countable, usually plural] (rather formal) something that you do for interest or pleasure, especially when you are not working （尤指工作之余的）消遣，爱好◆She has time now to follow her various artistic pursuits.她现在有时间从事她的各种艺术爱好了。■ undertaking /ˌʌndəˈteɪkɪŋ; NAmE ˌʌndərˈteɪkɪŋ/ [countable] (rather formal) a task or project, especially one that is important and/or difficult （尤指重大或艰巨的）任务，项目，事业◆He is interested in buying the club as a commercial undertaking.他有意买下这个俱乐部作商业投资。◆In those days, the trip across country was a dangerous undertaking.那时候，越野旅行是件危险的事。 see also undertake ⇨ do 1 NOTE 辨析 Enterprise or undertaking? Undertaking gives the impression that the task in question is difficult or complicated. Typical collocates are major, large and massive. Enterprise is also used to talk about a large or important project, but it also gives the impression that the aim of the task is to produce sth new or different. * undertaking一词给人的印象是任务艰巨或复杂，常与major、large和massive搭配。enterprise也指大型或重要的项目，但同时给人的印象是工作的目的是做出新颖或与众不同的东西。■ occupation [countable] (rather formal) something that you do for interest or pleasure, especially when you are not working （尤指工作之余的）消遣，爱好◆Her main occupation seems to be shopping.逛商店购物似乎是她的主要消遣。NOTE 辨析 Activity, pursuit or occupation? Activity is the most general of these words, with a wide range of collocates relating to business, government and the military, education and sport and leisure. * activity在三个词中含义最宽泛，与之搭配的词涉及商务、政府、军队、教育、体育与休闲◆business / commerical / trading / training activities商务／商业／贸易／培训活动◆government / economic / political / military / guerrilla / terrorist activities政府／经济／政治／军事／游击队／恐怖主义活动◆classroom / cultural / extra-curricular / educational / learning activities课堂／文化／课外／教育／学习活动◆leisure / outdoor / recreational / social / sporting activities业余／户外／娱乐／社会／体育活动 Occupation, in this meaning, is often used with favourite, and is used to talk about gentle activities that people enjoy doing to pass the time such as knitting, watching the sun set, walking in the countryside, sitting on a bench watching people or going to a gallery. Pursuit is often used in writing, and is used to talk about more structured sporting, cultural or intellectual activities. 表达此义时，occupation常与favourite连用，指人们喜欢的、可以消磨时光的、运动量小的活动，如编织、看日落、在乡间漫步、坐在长椅上看人、去美术馆等。pursuit常用于书面语，指较为严谨的体育、文化或智力活动。 sport noun sport ♦︎ exercise ♦︎ PE ♦︎ workout ♦︎ aerobicsThese are all words for activity that you do in order to stay healthy or become stronger. 这些词均表示体育运动、锻炼。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to do sport / exercises / PE / a workout / aerobics■ sport [uncountable] (BrE) (NAmE sports [plural]) activity that you do for pleasure or to keep fit and that needs physical effort and skill, usually done in a special area and according to fixed rules 体育运动◆I'm not interested in sport.我对体育运动不感兴趣。◆ (BrE) Do you do a lot of sport?你常参加体育运动吗？◆ (NAmE) We played sports together when we were kids.小时候我们一起参加体育运动。ⓘ The plural form sports is used in both British and American English when it comes before another noun. * sport用于另一个名词前时要用复数形式，在英式和美式英语中都是如此◆sports shoes运动鞋◆a sports club体育运动俱乐部 see also sport ⇨ game 2 ■ exercise [uncountable, countable] physical or mental activity that you do to stay healthy or become stronger; a set of movements or activities that you do to stay healthy or develop a skill （身体或脑力的）活动，锻炼；一套锻炼动作；练习◆Swimming is good exercise.游泳是有益的运动。◆I don't get much exercise sitting in the office all day.我整天坐在办公室里，很少运动。◆ (BrE) Remember to take regular exercise.记住要经常锻炼身体。◆The mind needs exercise as well as the body.大脑跟身体一样也需要锻炼。◆vigorous / gentle exercise剧烈的／温和的运动◆breathing / relaxation / stretching exercises呼吸／放松／伸展运动◆Repeat the exercise ten times on each leg.每条腿重复做十次这种动作。 see also exercise ⇨ train verb 2 , training ⇨ training ■ PE (BrE) (NAmE P. E.) / /ˌpiː ˈiː/ / [uncountable] the abbreviation for 'physical education' (sport and exercise that is taught in schools) 体育（课）◆a PE lesson / class / teacher体育课；体育教师■ workout /ˈwɜːkaʊt; NAmE ˈwɜːrkaʊt/ [countable] a period of physical exercise that you do to keep fit 锻炼◆She does a 20-minute workout every morning.她每天早晨锻炼20分钟。 see also work out ⇨ train verb 2 ■ aerobics /eəˈrəʊbɪks; NAmE eˈroʊbɪks/ [uncountable] physical exercises intended to strengthen the heart and lungs, often done in classes, with music 有氧运动◆I go to aerobics (= to an aerobics class) every Monday.我每周一去上有氧运动课。▸ aerobic adjective ◆aerobic exercise有氧运动 use noun use ♦︎ application ♦︎ practice ♦︎ exerciseThese are all words for the act of using sth or doing sth. 这些词均表示使用、实践、运用。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆effective / proper / continued / normal use / application / practice / exercise◆full / constant use / application / exercise◆free use / practice / exercise◆common / current / correct / safe / commercial / industrial / clinical use / application / practice◆sth has a use / an application◆to limit / regulate / justify the use / practice / exercise of sth■ use [uncountable, singular] the act of using sth; the state of being used; the right or opportunity to use sth, for example sth that belongs to sb else; the ability to use your mind or body 用；得到利用；使用权；使用的机会；人体机能◆The software is designed for use in schools.这个软件是为学校应用设计的。◆The chapel was built in the 12th century and is still in use today.这座小教堂建于12世纪，今天仍在使用。◆The bar is for the use of members only.该酒吧仅供会员使用。◆I have the use of the car this week.这辆汽车本周归我使用。◆He lost the use of his legs (= became unable to walk) in an accident.他在一次事故中双腿失去了功能。 see also use ⇨ function noun ■ application [uncountable, countable] (rather formal) the practical use of sth, especially a theory, discovery or invention （尤指理论、发现或发明的）应用，运用◆This essay examines the application of new technology to teaching.这篇文章探讨了新技术在教学上的应用。◆The new invention would have a wide range of applications in industry.这项新发明将在工业中得到广泛应用。 see also apply ⇨ apply 1 ■ practice [uncountable] action rather than ideas 实践；实际行动◆The book is about the theory and practice of teaching.这本书是讲教学理论与实践的。◆She's determined to put her new ideas into practice.她决心要把自己的新想法付诸实践。 see also put sth into practice ⇨ apply 1 , practise ⇨ do 1 ■ exercise [uncountable] (always followed by of 总是后接of) (rather formal) the use of power, a skill, a quality or the right to make sth happen 行使；运用；使用◆Sovereignty means more than just the exercise of power.主权并不单单意味着权力的行使。◆One of these powers is the exercise of discretion by police officers.这些权力中有一项是警察酌处权的行使。 train2 verb train as a teacher 接受师资培训train for the Olympics 为奥运会训练 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ practise 另见practise条train ♦︎ exercise ♦︎ work out ♦︎ keep fit ♦︎ warm upThese words all mean to do physical exercises in order to prepare your body for physical activity, or in order to improve your strength and health. 这些词均表示进行体育锻炼、做健身运动。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to train / exercise / warm up properly◆to train / exercise / work out regularly◆to train / exercise a horse / dog■ train [intransitive, transitive] to prepare yourself for a particular activity, especially a sport, by doing a lot of exercise; to prepare a person or animal in this way 进行⋯训练；（尤指）进行体育锻炼；训练（人或动物）◆We watched the athletes training for the Olympics.我们看了运动员备战奥运会的训练。◆I train in the gym for two hours a day.我每天在健身房锻炼两个小时。◆She trains horses.她是驯马的。◆He trains the Olympic team.他训练奥运代表队。■ exercise [intransitive, transitive] to do sports or other physical activities in order to stay healthy or become stronger; to make an animal do this; to give a part of the body the movement and activity it needs to keep strong and healthy 进行体育锻炼；操练（动物）；锻炼（身体某部位）◆How often do you exercise?你多长时间锻炼一次？◆Horses need to be exercised regularly.马需要经常训练。◆These movements will exercise your arms and shoulders.这些动作可以锻炼你的手臂和肩膀。 see also exercise ⇨ sport noun ■ ˌwork ˈout phrasal verb to make your body stronger through physical exercise, especially using equipment in a gym （尤指使用健身器械）锻炼身体，做运动◆I work out regularly to keep fit.我经常运动以保持健康。 see also workout ⇨ sport noun ■ ˌkeep ˈfit idiom (kept, kept) (especially BrE) to stay healthy and strong, especially by doing regular physical exercise （尤指通过定期运动）保持健康◆She tries to keep fit by jogging every day.她努力每天慢跑保持健康。■ ˌwarm ˈup phrasal verb to prepare for physical exercise or a performance by doing gentle exercises or practice （为体育活动或表演）做适应性练习，做准备活动；热身◆We arrived just as the players were warming up.我们抵达时，球员们正在热身。ⓘ Performers such as dancers, as well as sportsmen and women, have to warm up. * warm up指舞蹈演员等表演者以及运动员热身。▸ ˈwarm-up noun [countable, singular] ◆He swam ten lengths of the pool as a warm-up.他在游泳池里游了五个来回作为热身。◆warm-up exercises热身练习 use1 verb use a computer/the bus/force/your common sense 用计算机；坐公共汽车；诉诸武力；运用常识use electricity/all the milk 耗电；把牛奶用光 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ apply 1 另见apply条第1义use ♦︎ exercise ♦︎ employ ♦︎ draw on/upon sth ♦︎ exert ♦︎ make use of sb/sth ♦︎ utilize ♦︎ resort to sth ♦︎ fall back on sb/sthThese words all mean to do sth with a machine, method, object, skill or opportunity for a particular purpose. 这些词均表示使用、利用、运用。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to use / employ / utilize sth as sth◆to use / employ / draw on / make use of / utilize / resort to / fall back on sth to do sth◆to use / exercise / employ / draw on / make use of / utilize / fall back on (a) skill◆to use / employ / make use of / utilize / resort to / fall back on a method / technique◆to use / exercise / employ / resort to violence◆to use / exercise / exert your influence / power / authority◆to use / employ / draw on / make use of / utilize resources◆to use / make use of / utilize the facilities / a service / an opportunity◆to often / frequently use / exercise / employ / draw on / make use of / utilize / resort to sb / sth◆to usually use / exercise / employ / resort to sb / sth◆to commonly / occasionally use / employ / resort to sb / sth◆to rarely use / exercise / employ / draw on / resort to sb / sth◆to use / exercise / employ sb / sth widely◆to use / employ / draw on / utilize sb / sth extensively◆to use / draw on / utilize sb / sth heavily■ use [transitive] to do sth with a machine, method, object, skill or opportunity for a particular purpose 使用，利用，运用（机器、方法、器具、技巧或机会）◆Can I use your phone?我可以用一下你的电话吗？◆Have you ever used this software before?你以前用过这种软件吗？◆How often do you use (= travel by) the bus?你多长时间坐一次公共汽车？◆The blue files are used for storing old invoices.蓝色卷宗是用来存放旧发票的。◆Police used tear gas to disperse the crowds.警察使用催泪瓦斯驱散人群。◆Don't keep asking me what to do－just use your common sense!别老是问我该做什么，你也凭常识想想！ⓘ Of all the synonyms in this group, use is most frequently used to talk about doing things with objects. 在本组所有同义词中，use最常指使用器具做某事◆to use a computer / comb / dictionary / fork / pen / pencil / phone / spoon / weapon, etc.使用计算机／梳子／词典／叉子／钢笔／铅笔／电话／勺子／武器等 ■ exercise [transitive] (formal) to use your power, rights or personal qualities in order to achieve sth 行使，使用，运用（权力、权利或个人特质）◆He was a man who exercised considerable influence over people.他是个对别人有相当影响的人。◆When she appeared in court she exercised her right to remain silent.她出庭时行使了自己保持沉默的权利。■ employ [transitive] (formal) to use sth such as a skill or method for a particular purpose 应用，运用，使用（技巧或方法等）◆He criticized the repressive methods employed by the country's government.他批评了该国政府所采取的镇压手段。◆The police had to employ force to enter the building.警察不得不强行进入大楼。■ ˈdraw on sth■ ˈdraw upon sth phrasal verb (drew, drawn) (rather formal) to use a supply of sth that is available to you 凭借，利用，动用（可用的资源）◆I'll have to draw on my savings.我只得动用我的存款了。◆The novelist draws heavily on her personal experiences.这位小说家在很大程度上是以她的亲身经历为素材。ⓘ Draw on/upon sth is most often used to talk about people using experience, a range of styles, information, data, a theory, research findings and knowledge in their work. * draw on/upon sth最常表示人们在工作中利用experience、a range of styles、information、data、a theory、research findings和knowledge。■ exert / /ɪgˈzɜːt; NAmE ɪgˈzɜːrt/ [transitive] (rather formal) to use your power or influence in order to achieve sth; to have a powerful effect on sb/sth 运用，行使，施加（权力或影响力）◆He exerted all his authority to make them accept the plan.他利用他的一切权势让他们接受这个计划。◆The moon exerts a force on the earth that causes the tides.月球对地球的吸引力引起潮汐。NOTE 辨析 Exercise or exert?A person or thing can exert power, authority, influence, pressure or force in a way that affects sb/sth. Only a person can exercise sth, but as well as power, authority and influence they can also exercise a right or privilege, or personal qualities such as care, caution, tact, discretion, diplomacy, judgement, discipline, restraint and self-control. * exert的主语是人或事物，搭配词有power、authority、influence、pressure或force。exercise的主语只能是人，其后既可接power、authority和influence，亦可接right或privilege，还可指人运用个人特质，如care、caution、tact、discretion、diplomacy、judgement、discipline、restraint和self-control等。■ make ˈuse of sb/sth idiom (made, made)to use sb/sth, especially in order to get an advantage 使用；利用（以谋私利等）◆We could make better use of our resources.我们可以更有效地利用我们的资源。◆You should make use of your contacts.你应该利用你的人际关系。■ utilize (BrE also utilise) /ˈjuːtəlaɪz/ / [transitive] (formal) to use sth, especially for a practical purpose 使用；利用；应用◆The Romans were the first to utilize concrete as a building material.罗马人最先使用混凝土作建筑材料。◆The resources at our disposal could have been better utilized.我们所掌握的资源本来可以利用得更好。■ resort to sth phrasal verb to make use of sth, especially sth bad, as a means of achieving sth, often because there is no other possible solution （不得不）诉诸，求助于，依靠（尤指不好的东西）◆They felt obliged to resort to violence.他们觉得有必要诉诸暴力。◆We may have to resort to using untrained workers.我们也许只能使用未受过训练的员工了。ⓘ Typical collocates of resort to are bribery, force, terror and violence. * resort to的常见搭配词有bribery、force、terror和violence。■ ˌfall ˈback on sb/sth phrasal verb (fell, fallen) [no passive] to have sth to use or go to sb for support when you are in difficulty 求助于；借助；转而依靠◆I have a little money in the bank to fall back on.我在银行还有一点钱，需要时可以动用。◆She fell back on her usual excuse of having no time.她以她惯用的理由推说没有时间。 |