development noun ⇨development (product development)⇨estate (a housing development)⇨event1 (the latest developments)⇨progress (career development)
development
noun
development ♦︎ design ♦︎ creation ♦︎ innovation ♦︎ inventionThese are all words for the process or act of creating sth new, or for the thing created.这些词均表示创造或创造物。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sb's new / latest design / creation / innovation / invention◆a brilliant design / innovation / invention◆a / an ingenious / wonderful design / invention◆product development / design / innovation◆the development / design process■development [uncountable, countable] the process of producing or creating sth new or more advanced; a new or advanced product（新产品的）开发，研制；研制成果◆the development of vaccines against tropical diseases热带疾病疫苗的研制◆A more powerful version of this engine is currently in development(= being developed).该发动机有一种更大功率的新机型目前正在研制中。◆developments in aviation technology航空技术的研发成果■design [uncountable, countable] the art or process of deciding how sth will look, work, etc. by drawing plans, making models, etc; a drawing or plan from which sth may be made设计；设计图样；设计方案◆the design and development of new products新产品的设计与开发◆a course in art and design美术及设计课程◆designs for aircraft飞机的设计图样◆I made this one to my very own design.我完全是自行设计出这件产品的。 see also design ⇨ designnoun, design ⇨ designverb1■creation [uncountable, countable] the act or process of making sth new, or of causing sth to exist that did not exist before; a thing that sb has made, especially sth artistic or imaginative创造；创建；创作；作品◆Job creation needs to be the top priority.当务之急是创造就业机会。◆The committee recommended the creation of a new government agency to be responsible for the environment.委员会建议成立一个新的政府专门机构来负责环境问题。◆a literary creation文学作品 see also create ⇨ make1, creative ⇨ creative■innovation / /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/ / [uncountable, countable] the introduction of new things, ideas or ways of doing sth; a new idea or way of doing sth创新；革新；新思想；新方法◆an age of technological innovation技术革新的时代◆recent innovations in steel-making technology新近的炼钢技术革新 see also innovative ⇨ creative, innovator ⇨ leader2▸innovate
verb
[intransitive] ◆We must constantly adapt and innovate to ensure success in a growing market.我们必须不断地改良并创新，以确保在不断扩大的市场中取得成功。■invention [countable, uncountable] a thing or idea that has been invented; the act of inventing sth发明（物）；创造；创意◆Fax machines were a wonderful invention at the time.传真机在当时是一项了不起的发明。◆Such changes have not been seen since the invention of the printing press.自从发明了印刷机，这些变革还没有出现过。 see also invent ⇨ designverb1, inventive ⇨ creative
estate
noun
estate ♦︎ development ♦︎ projectThese words all mean a group of houses or factories built together in a planned way.这些词均表示住宅区或工业区。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a housing estate / development / project◆a / an industrial / commercial estate / development■estate / /ɪˈsteɪt/ / [countable] (BrE) an area of land with a lot of houses or factories of the same type on it住宅区；工业区；工厂区◆We're planning to move the business to an industrial estate on the outskirts of the town.我们计划把工厂搬到城区外围的工业区。◆There are around six million people living on council estates(= an area owned by the local council with cheaply rented houses or flats) in Britain.在英国约有600万人住在属地方政府所有的出租房里。ⓘ In American English estate refers to the grounds and buildings of a large country home. Use development.美式英语中的estate指乡村大庄园的土地和建筑，表示住宅区、开发区要用development。■development [countable] a piece of land with new buildings on it新建住宅区；房地产开发区◆The protesters oppose plans to build a commercial development on the site.抗议者反对在这个地方进行商业开发。ⓘ In American English, development is not just used to talk about new buildings; it is used in the same way as estate in British English.在美式英语中，development除了指新建的楼房外，还与英式英语中的estate用法相同◆a luxury residential development一个豪宅区◆We live in a new housing development.我们住在一个新开发的住宅小区里。■project ( ˈhousing project) [countable] (NAmE) a group of apartments built for poor families, usually with government money（通常由政府出资为贫困家庭兴建的）住宅区，住宅群，住宅工程◆She lives in a housing project on the edge of town.她住在城边的贫民住宅区。◆Going into the projects(= a poor district with high-rise apartments) alone can be dangerous.独自一人进入贫民住宅区很危险。
event1
noun
a sequence of events一连串事件a social event社交活动event ♦︎ affair ♦︎ incident ♦︎ experience ♦︎ phenomenon ♦︎ episode ♦︎ business ♦︎ development ♦︎ occurrence ♦︎ proceedings ♦︎ eventualityThese are all words for sth which happens.这些词均表示发生的事情。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the whole event / affair / incident / experience / phenomenon / episode / business / proceedings◆(a) strange event / affair / incident / experience / phenomenon / development / occurrence◆(a) terrible event / affair / incident / experience / business◆(a) dramatic event / incident / experience / episode / development◆an enjoyable event / affair / experience◆(an) everyday event / affair / incident / experience / occurrence◆an isolated event / incident / experience / phenomenon / episode / occurrence◆a rare / common event / experience / phenomenon / occurrence◆to witness an event / an incident / a phenomenon / an episode◆an event / an incident / an experience / a phenomenon / an episode occurs◆an event / an incident / an experience / a phenomenon / an episode / proceedings takes place / take place■event [countable] a thing that happens, especially sth important发生的事情；（尤指）重要事情，大事◆The election was the main event of 2005.那次选举是2005年的大事。◆In the light of later events the decision was proved to be right.从后来发生的事看，这一决定是正确的。◆The decisions we take now may influence the course of events(= the way things happen) in the future.我们现在作出的决定可能会影响未来事情的发展。◆Everyone was frightened by the strange sequence of events.人人都因接二连三的怪事感到恐惧。■affair [countable, usually singular] an event that people are talking about or describing in a particular way事件；事情◆I ended up disillusioned and bitter about the whole affair.我最终对整件事失去信心，伤心极了。◆The debate was a pretty disappointing affair.这场辩论使人颇感失望。◆She wanted the celebration to be a simple family affair.她希望庆祝活动简简单单的，只限家人参加。ⓘ Affairs [plural] are events of public interest or political importance.复数形式的affairs指公众关注的事件或时政要事◆world / international / business affairs世界／国际／商业事务◆He's an expert on foreign affairs.他是外交事务专家。◆He believed in a strict separation of the affairs of state and those of the church.他坚信要将国家事务与宗教事务严格区分开。◆The talk ranged over a variety of topics, from sport to current affairs(= events of political or social importance that are happening now).谈话涉及从体育赛事到时事等诸多方面。■incident / /ˈɪnsɪdənt/ / [countable, uncountable] (ratherformal) something that happens, especially sth unusual or unpleasant; a serious or violent event, such as a crime, accident or attack发生的事情（尤指不寻常或不愉快的）；严重事件，暴力事件（如犯罪、事故或袭击等）◆His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident.他的不良行为只是个案。◆There was a shooting incident near here last night.昨晚这附近发生了枪击事件。◆The demonstration passed off without incident.这次示威和平地结束了。■experience [countable] an event or activity that affects you in some way（一次）经历，体验◆It was her first experience of living alone.那是她第一次独自生活。◆Living in Africa was very different from home and quite an experience(= unusual for us).在非洲生活与在家里完全不同，那真是一次不同寻常的经历。◆I had a bad experience with fireworks once.我放烟火有过一次不愉快的遭遇。◆He seems to have had some sort of religious experience.他好像有过某种宗教体验。 see also experience ⇨ knowledgenoun, experience ⇨ lifenoun3, experience ⇨ haveverb3■phenomenon / /fəˈnɒmɪnən; NAmEfəˈnɑːmɪnən/ (pluralphenomena) [countable] a fact or event in nature or society, especially one that is not fully understood（尤指未能完全理解的）现象◆natural / cultural / social phenomena自然／文化／社会现象◆This kind of crime is a phenomenon of the modern age .这一类犯罪是当代现象。■episode /ˈepɪsəʊd; NAmEˈepɪsoʊd/ [countable] an event, situation or period of time in sb's life or a story that is important or interesting in some way（人生的）一段经历；（故事的）片段，插曲◆I'd like to try and forget the whole episode.我倒是想尽量把那段经历全忘掉。◆It turned out to be one of the funniest episodes in the novel.后来发现那个片段是小说中最滑稽的部分之一。■business (usually used with an adjective通常与形容词连用) [singular] (ratherinformal, especiallyspoken) a matter, event or situation事情；事件；状况◆I found the whole business very depressing.我觉得整件事都令人很沮丧。◆That plane crash was a terrible business.那次飞机坠毁是十分可怕的事。◆The business of the missing tickets hasn't been sorted out.遗失票这件事还没有解决。■development [countable] a new event or stage that is likely to affect what happens in a continuing situation（新的）发展事态；进展情况；发展阶段◆the latest developments in the war战争的最新进展情况◆Are there any further developments in the investigation?调查有进展吗？ see also develop ⇨ break out■occurrence /əˈkʌrəns; NAmEəˈkɜːrəns/ [countable] (formal) something that happens or exists发生的事情；存在的事情◆Vandalism has become a regular occurrence in recent times.最近这里经常发生故意破坏公物的事。◆The program counts the number of occurrences of any word or group of words, within the text.这个程序可以统计任何单词或词语在文本中出现的次数。 see also occur ⇨ happen■proceedings /prəˈsiːdɪŋz/ / [plural] an event or series of actions事件；过程；一系列行动◆The Mayor will open the proceedings at the City Hall tomorrow.明天市长将在市政厅宣布开幕。◆We watched the proceedings from the balcony.我们从阳台上观看了仪式。■eventuality / /ɪˌventʃuˈæləti/ / [countable] (formal) something that may possibly happen, especially sth unpleasant（尤指不愉快的）可能发生的事，可能出现的结果◆We were prepared for every eventuality.我们已作好准备应付任何可能出现的情况。◆This strategy will allow us to cope with all eventualities which may arise.这种部署使我们能够应付任何可能出现的情况。
progress
noun
progress ♦︎ development ♦︎ advance ♦︎ rise ♦︎ promotion ♦︎ progression ♦︎ advancementThese are all words for how sth progresses, develops or grows.这些词均表示进展、发展。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆progress / development / an advance / advancement in sth◆sb / sth's rise / promotion / progression / advancement to sth◆sth is in progress / development◆(a) rapid progress / development / advance / rise / promotion / progression / advancement◆(a) steady progress / development / advance / progression◆(a) slow / gradual / smooth progress / development / progression◆further progress / development / advances / promotion / advancement◆scientific / technical / technological / economic / political / social progress / development / advances / advancement◆personal / individual development / advancement◆career development / progression / advancement◆to achieve progress / development / advances / promotion / progression◆to make progress / advances◆to chart / halt the progress / development / rise / progression of sth◆to assist the progress / development / rise / advancement of sth■progress [uncountable] (oftenapproving) the process of improving or developing, or of getting nearer to achieving or completing sth进步；进展；进程◆We have made great progress in controlling inflation.我们在抑制通货膨胀方面取得了巨大进展。◆Technological progress is changing the demand for labour.技术的进步正在改变劳动力的需求。◆Work on the new offices is now in progress.新办公楼正在施工。◆I have one file for completed work and one for work in progress.我有一个文件夹保存处理完的文件，另一个保存正在处理的文件。◆They asked for a progress report on the project.他们要一份项目进度报告。ⓘ Progress is often used as a positive way of talking about technological changes, particularly when there are other people who feel that the changes are having a damaging effect on society. * progress常用来强调技术变革的进步意义，特别是在有人觉得技术变革正给社会带来破坏性影响的时候。 see also progress ⇨ developverb1, progressive ⇨ radical■development [uncountable] the gradual growth of sth so that it becomes more advanced or stronger发展；发育；成长；壮大◆a baby's development in the womb胎儿在子宫内的发育◆the development of basic skills such as literacy and numeracy读写和计算等基本技能的发展◆The company can offer a number of opportunities for career development.该公司能提供一些职业发展的机会。ⓘ Development is used especially to talk about growing (as a child) and learning (throughout life). * development尤指儿童的成长和一生的学习。 see also develop ⇨ developverb1■advance [countable, uncountable] progress or development in a particular activity or area of understanding进步；进展◆recent advances in medical science医学的最新进展◆This represents an advance on existing techniques.这标志着现有技术取得了进步。◆We live in an age of rapid technological advance.我们生活在科学技术飞速发展的时代。ⓘ Advance or advances is used especially to talk about scientific, technological and medical achievements. * advance或advances尤指科学、技术和医学上的进步。 see also advance ⇨ developverb1■rise [singular] the act of becoming more important, successful or powerful（重要性、优势或权力的）增强◆The film traces the rise of fascism in Europe.该片记述了法西斯主义在欧洲的兴起。◆the rise and fall of the Roman Empire罗马帝国的兴衰◆His eventual fall was as fast as his meteoric rise to power.他一夜间飞黄腾达，最终又同样迅速地没落了。ⓘ Rise is usually used to describe how a party, social class, state, religion or political system increases in importance, often suddenly, or how a person suddenly becomes powerful or famous, especially in the phrase sb's rapid/swift/spectacular/meteoric rise to power/fame. * rise通常指党派、社会阶层、国家、宗教或政治体制的势力突然增强，或某人迅速掌权、一夜成名，尤用于短语sb's rapid/swift/spectacular/meteoric rise to power/fame。OPPfall ⇨ overthrow▸rise
verb
[intransitive] ◆She rose to power in the 70s.她于70年代掌权。◆He rose to the rank of general.他升到将军一职。■promotion / /prəˈməʊʃn; NAmEprəˈmoʊʃn/ [uncountable, countable] a move to a more important job or rank in a company or organization; a move by a sports team from playing in one group of teams to playing in a better group提升；晋升；（运动队的）晋级◆Her promotion to Sales Manager took everyone by surprise.提拔她当销售经理，叫每一个人都很意外。◆The new job is a promotion for him.这份新工作对他来说就是升迁。◆The players were paid bonuses for winning promotion to the First Division.成功晋级到甲级队，队员都获得了奖金。OPPdemotion, relegationⓘ Demotion is the opposite of being promoted to a better job, but it is not very frequently used. Relegation is when a sports team moves down to play in a worse group of teams. * demotion是晋升的反义词，但不常用。relegation指运动队降级。▸promote
verb
[transitive] ◆She worked hard and was soon promoted.她工作勤奋，不久就升职了。◆They were promoted to the First Division last season.上个赛季他们晋级到甲级队。■progression /prəˈgreʃn/ / [uncountable, countable] (ratherformal) the process of developing gradually from one stage or state to another（进入另一阶段或状态的）发展，前进，进程◆What are the opportunities for career progression?事业上发展机会如何？◆The medication halts the rapid progression of the disease.这种药物阻止了疾病的迅速发展。◆This is all part of the natural progression from childhood to adolescence.这都是儿童成长为青少年的自然发展的必经过程。 see also progress ⇨ developverb1■advancement [uncountable, countable] (formal) the process of helping sth to make progress or succeed; the progress that is made; progress in a job or social class促进；发展；（工作或社会等级的）提升◆the advancement of knowledge / education / science知识／教育／科学的发展◆There are good opportunities for advancement if you have the right skills.如果有合适的技能，就有很好的晋升机会。ⓘ Advancement is often used to talk about achievements in people's own lives. * advancement常指人生中取得的成就◆career / material / personal / individual / social advancement职业的发展；物质条件的提高；个人的发展；社会地位的提升 see also advance ⇨ developverb1