| 例句 |
fall verb
⇨ fall 1 (the temperature falls) ⇨ fall 2 (fall into the river) ⇨ fall 3 (slip and fall on the ice) ⇨ rain (rain/snow falls)fall noun
⇨ overthrow (the rise and fall of the Roman Empire) ⇨ reduction (a fall in popularity)fall1 verb the temperature falls 温度下降fall into the river 掉进河里slip and fall on the ice 在冰上滑一跤 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ slump 另见slump条fall ♦︎ decline ♦︎ drop ♦︎ diminish ♦︎ decrease ♦︎ sink ♦︎ come downThese are all words that can be used when the amount, level or number of sth goes down. 这些词均表示数量减少或程度下降。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to fall / decline / drop / diminish / decrease / sink / come down by 100, 25%, a half, etc.◆to fall / decline / drop / decrease / sink / come down from 15 000 to 1 000◆to decline / diminish / decrease / come down in number, level, size, etc.◆to decline / diminish / decrease with age, time, experience, etc.◆numbers fall / decline / drop / diminish / decrease / come down◆levels fall / decline / drop / decrease◆prices / rates fall / decline / drop / decrease / sink / come down◆profits / sales fall / decline / drop / decrease / sink◆the temperature falls / drops◆sb's voice falls / drops / sinks◆to fall / decline / drop / diminish / decrease / sink sharply / rapidly◆to fall / decline / drop / decrease dramatically / suddenly◆to fall / decline / drop / diminish / decrease slightly / slowly / gradually / steadily■ fall (fell, fallen) [intransitive, transitive] to become lower or less in level, number or strength （数量）减少；（水平）下降；（强度）减小◆Their profits have fallen by 30 per cent.他们的利润减少了30%。◆The temperature fell sharply in the night.夜间温度陡降。◆Falling birth rates could have an impact on future economic growth.下降的出生率可能会对未来的经济增长产生影响。◆ (written) Her voice fell to a whisper.她的声音变小，成了耳语。◆Share prices fell 30p.股价下跌了30便士。OPP rise ⇨ rise see also fall ⇨ reduction noun ■ decline / /dɪˈklaɪn/ / [intransitive] (rather formal, especially written) to become lower or less in level, number, size, strength or importance （水平、数量、大小、强度或重要性）减少，下降，衰退◆The number of tourists visiting the resort declined by 10% last year.去年到这个胜地旅游的人数减少了10%。◆Manufacturing industry has slowly declined in importance.制造业已慢慢变得不如从前那么重要了。OPP increase ⇨ rise see also decline ⇨ reduction noun ■ drop (-pp-) [intransitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to become lower or less in level, number or strength （数量）减少；（水平）下降；（强度）减小◆The Dutch team have dropped to fifth place.荷兰队已降至第五名。◆At last the wind dropped.风势终于减弱了。OPP rise , climb ⇨ rise see also drop ⇨ reduction noun NOTE 辨析 Fall, decline or drop?In many cases you can use any of these words. 这些词在很多情况下可以通用◆Sales have fallen / declined / dropped by 20%.销售额下降了20%。They can all be used to talk about numbers, levels, rates, prices, profits and sales. To talk about a loss of economic strength in a particular place or industry, use decline. 这些词均可描述数量、水平、比率、价格、利润和销售额。描述特定地方或行业的经济实力衰退用decline◆The area / city / industry / market / sector has declined (in importance).该地区／城市／行业／市场／领域（的重要性）降低了。You can also use decline to talk about support for or interest in sth, or a person's health. A person's voice can fall or drop. Temperatures fall or drop. The wind can only drop. Things can fall or decline over a period of time, but drop cannot be used in the progressive tenses. * decline还可表示对事物的支持减少、兴趣下降或人的健康状况恶化。人的声音变小或温度下降用fall或drop均可。风势减弱只能用drop。fall和decline均可指在一段时间内减少、下降，而drop不能用于进行时◆Sales have been falling / declining.销售额一直在下降。◆falling / declining sales下降的销售额◆Sales have been dropping. ◆dropping sales ■ diminish / /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/ / [intransitive] (rather formal, especially written) to become lower or less in number, amount or strength （数目、数量或强度）减少，下降，变弱◆The world's resources are rapidly diminishing.世界的资源正在迅速减少。◆His influence has diminished with time.随着时间的推移，他的影响已不如从前了。◆Our efforts were producing diminishing returns (= we achieved less although we spent more time or money).我们加大了投入，收益却在递减。ⓘ Numbers and amounts of sth can diminish, but figures, rates, levels, profits and sales cannot. * diminish可与number和amount搭配，指数量减少，但不能表示数字、比率、水平、利润和销售额下降。 OPP enhance ⇨ improve 1 ■ decrease [intransitive] (rather formal) to fall in number or level （数量）减少；（水平）下降◆The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year.今年新生人数从210减少到160。◆The number of quarrels among children decreases with age (= the older they are, the fewer quarrels they have).儿童间争吵的次数随着年龄增长而减少。OPP increase ⇨ rise see also decrease ⇨ reduction noun ■ sink (sank, sunk) [intransitive] (especially business 尤用于商业) to fall in value or strength （价值或强度）降低，减弱◆The pound has sunk to its lowest recorded level against the dollar.英镑对美元的比价已降到历史新低。◆His voice sank almost to a whisper.他的声音渐低，几乎成了耳语。 OPP rise ⇨ rise ■ ˌcome ˈdown phrasal verb (came, come)(especially of prices) to fall in level （尤指价格）下降，降低◆The price of gas is coming down.煤气价格在下跌。◆Gas is coming down in price.煤气价格在下跌。OPP go up ⇨ rise fall2 verb the temperature falls 温度下降fall into the river 掉进河里slip and fall on the ice 在冰上滑一跤fall ♦︎ go down (sth) ♦︎ come down (sth) ♦︎ descend ♦︎ drop ♦︎ sink ♦︎ crash ♦︎ tumble ♦︎ topple ♦︎ plungeThese words all mean to move downwards, especially suddenly and/or by accident. 这些词均表示落下，尤指突然或意外地掉落、跌落。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to fall / go / come / drop / sink / crash / tumble down◆to go down / come down / descend the stairs / steps◆to go down / come down / descend a ladder◆to fall / plunge to your death■ fall (fell, fallen) [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) to go from a higher place to a lower place, especially suddenly and/or by accident （尤指突然或意外地）落下，掉落，跌落◆Several of the books had fallen onto the floor.这些书有几本掉到了地上。◆One of the kids fell into the river.其中有一个小孩掉进了河里。◆September had come and the leaves were starting to fall.已到9月了，树叶开始凋落。◆He fell 23 metres onto the rocks below.他掉到下面23米处的岩石上。▸ fall noun [countable] ◆She was killed in a fall from a horse.她从马背上掉下来摔死了。■ ˌgo ˈdown sth ■ ˌgo ˈdown phrasal verb (goes, went, gone)to move from a higher place to a lower place; to fall to the ground 向下移动；落下；倒在地上◆I've been going up and down the stairs all day.我一整天都在楼梯上跑来跑去的。◆The sun went down below the horizon.太阳落到了地平线下。◆She tripped and went down with a bump.她绊了一下，重重地摔倒在地上。 OPP go up (sth) ⇨ climb ■ ˌcome ˈdown sth ■ ˌcome ˈdown phrasal verb (came, come)to move from a higher place to a lower place; to break and fall to the ground 向下移动；崩塌；坍塌◆She came down the steps two at a time.她一步跨两级地走下台阶。◆The ceiling came down with a terrific crash.随着一声可怕的巨响，天花板塌了下来。 OPP go up (sth) ⇨ climb NOTE 辨析 Go down or come down? Go is usually used from the point of view of the person who is moving somewhere. Come is usually used from the point of view of the person or place that sb/sth is moving to or towards. * go通常是从行进者的角度出发，come通常是从目的地的角度出发。■ descend / /dɪˈsend/ / [intransitive, transitive] (formal) to go down from a higher place to a lower place 下去；下降◆The plane began to descend.飞机开始降落。◆She descended the stairs slowly.她缓慢地走下楼梯。 OPP ascend ⇨ climb ▸ descent noun [countable, usually singular] ◆The plane began its descent to Heathrow.飞机开始向希思罗机场降落。■ drop (-pp-) [intransitive] to fall by accident; to fall or sit down, especially because you are no longer able to stand （意外地）落下，掉下；（尤指因无法再站立而）倒下，坐下◆The climber slipped and dropped to his death.那个攀登者一失足掉下去摔死了。◆He staggered in and dropped into a chair.他摇摇晃晃地走了进来，一屁股坐在椅子上。■ sink (sank, sunk) [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) (of a person) to move downwards, especially by falling or sitting down; (of an object) to move slowly downwards （人）倒下，坐下；（物体）下沉，下陷◆She sank back into her seat.她坐回椅子上。◆The old man had sunk to his knees.老头跪了下去。◆The foundations of the building are starting to sink.楼房的地基开始下陷。■ crash [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) to hit sth hard while moving, causing noise and/or damage 猛撞；碰撞◆A brick crashed through the window.砖块哗啦一声砸穿了窗户。◆With a sweep of his hand he sent the glasses crashing to the floor.他一挥手把眼镜碰到地上摔碎了。◆The door crashed open.门砰的一声给砸开了。■ tumble [intransitive] to fall suddenly and in a dramatic way 倒塌；坍塌◆The scaffolding came tumbling down.脚手架突然坍塌。▸ tumble noun [countable, usually singular] ◆The jockey took a nasty tumble at the third fence.骑师在第三道栅栏处重重摔下马来。■ topple [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to become unsteady and fall down （失去平衡而）坠落，倒塌，倒下◆The pile of books toppled over.那摞书倒了。■ plunge [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to move suddenly forwards and/or downwards 突然前冲（或下落）◆She lost her balance and plunged 100 feet to her death.她没有站稳，从100英尺的高处跌下摔死了。 fall3 verb the temperature falls 温度下降fall into the river 掉进河里slip and fall on the ice 在冰上滑一跤fall ♦︎ fall over ♦︎ stumble ♦︎ trip ♦︎ fall downThese words all mean to stop standing suddenly. 这些词均表示突然倒下、跌倒。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to stumble / trip over sth■ fall (fell, fallen) (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) [intransitive] (especially written) to suddenly stop standing 突然倒下；跌倒◆She slipped and fell on the ice.她在冰上滑了一跤。■ ˌfall ˈover phrasal verb (fell, fallen) (especially spoken) to suddenly stop standing 突然倒下；跌倒◆I fell over and cut my knee.我跌倒划破了膝盖。■ stumble [intransitive] to hit your foot against sth while you are walking or running and fall or almost fall 绊脚◆The child stumbled and fell.孩子绊了一下，摔倒了。◆I stumbled over a rock.我在石头上绊了一下。■ trip (-pp-) [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) to catch your foot on sth and fall or almost fall 绊；绊倒◆Someone will trip over that cable.有人会让那条电缆绊倒的。◆Be careful you don't trip up on the step.你小心别在台阶上绊倒了。■ ˌfall ˈdown phrasal verb (fell, fallen)to suddenly stop standing 突然倒下；跌倒◆The house looked as if it was about to fall down.那座房子看起来摇摇欲坠。NOTE 辨析 Fall, fall over or fall down? Fall and fall over are only used to talk about people in this meaning; fall down can be used to talk about people, buildings, or other structures that can stand and then suddenly stop standing. Fall is used more in writing. In British English fall over is used more in speech. In American English fall down is used more in speech. * fall和fall over表达此义时只用于人，fall down可用于人、建筑物或其他可以直立而又突然倒下的结构体。fall多用于书面语。fall over多用于英式英语的口语。 fall down多用于美式英语的口语。 rain verb rain ♦︎ fall ♦︎ pour ♦︎ come down ♦︎ drizzleThese words are all used when water drops down from the sky. 这些词均表示下雨。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达雨势强弱的程度| drizzle | ➔ | rain | ➔ | pour | | | fall | | | | | come down | | |
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to pour / come down◆it's raining / pouring / drizzling◆the rain falls / pours / comes down◆to rain / fall heavily / lightly / steadily■ rain [intransitive] when it rains, water drops down from the sky in drops 下雨◆Is it raining?下雨了吗？◆It had been raining all night.雨下了一整夜。◆It hardly rained at all last summer.去年夏天几乎没怎么下雨。◆It started to rain.开始下雨了。■ fall (fell, fallen) [intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) (of rain or snow) to drop down from the sky （雨或雪）降落，落下◆The snow was falling steadily.雪一直下着。◆70 millimetres of rain fell in just a few hours.仅几个小时降雨量便达到了70毫米。■ pour [intransitive](of rain) to fall heavily （雨）倾盆而下；下大雨◆The rain continued to pour down.大雨哗哗地下个不停。◆It's pouring outside.外面下着瓢泼大雨。◆ (BrE) It's pouring with rain.大雨滂沱。ⓘ In American English you can say It's pouring rain, but it is more usual just to say It's pouring. 在美式英语中，可以说It's pouring rain，但更常说It's pouring。■ ˌcome ˈdown phrasal verb (came, come)(of rain or snow) to fall （雨或雪）落下，降落◆The rain came down in torrents.大雨滂沱。NOTE 辨析 Rain, fall or come down? Rain is the most frequent verb and is used with the subject it. Fall and come down are used with a subject such as rain or snow. Fall is used when giving precise measurements of rainfall. * rain是最常用的动词，主语用it。fall和come down的主语是rain或snow等。给出精确的降雨量时用fall◆70 millimetres of rain fell in just a few hours.仅几个小时降雨量便达到了70毫米。◆70 millimetres of rain came down in just a few hours. ◆It rained 70 millimetres of rain in just a few hours. Come down is often used with a description of how the rain falls. * come down常用于描述雨水如何降落◆The rain was coming down in a solid curtain.雨如水帘般倾泻而下。 ■ drizzle [intransitive] (usually used in the progressive tenses, with it as the subject 通常用于进行时，用it作主语) to rain lightly 下毛毛雨；下蒙蒙细雨◆It was drizzling outside.外面下着毛毛细雨。 overthrow noun overthrow ♦︎ downfall ♦︎ fall ♦︎ nemesis ♦︎ undoingThese are all words for sb's loss of power, money or social position, or the thing which causes this. 这些词均表示衰败、垮台或导致衰败的原因。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be sb's downfall / nemesis / undoing◆to bring about / lead to sb's overthrow / downfall / fall■ overthrow / /ˈəʊvəθrəʊ; NAmE ˈoʊvərθroʊ/ [singular] the act of taking power by force from a leader or government; a leader or government's loss of power 推翻；打倒；下台◆A republic was declared following the overthrow of the monarchy.君主制推翻后，共和国宣布成立。◆He was president from 1966 until his overthrow in 1970.他自1966年任总统，直到1970年被赶下台。 see also overthrow ⇨ remove verb 2 ■ downfall /ˈdaʊnfɔːl/ / [singular] the loss of sb's power, money or social position; the thing that causes this 衰败；垮台；衰败（或垮台）的原因◆The sex scandal finally led to his downfall.这桩性丑闻最终使他身败名裂。◆Greed was her downfall.贪得无厌就是她堕落的缘由。■ fall [singular] a loss of political or economic power or success; the loss or defeat of a city or country in war （政权的）垮台；（经济的）崩溃；（城市或国家的）沦陷，灭亡◆The scandal undoubtedly contributed to his fall from power.这桩丑闻无疑是导致了他的下台的原因之一。◆His diary charts his dramatic fall from grace (= loss of power and respect).他的日记记录了他如何突如其来地丧失了权力和尊崇。◆Napoleon's rise and fall拿破仑的兴亡◆the fall of Rome to the barbarians蛮族攻陷罗马OPP rise ⇨ progress ▸ fall verb [intransitive] ◆The coup failed but the government fell shortly afterwards.政变虽然流产，但是不久以后政府便垮台了。◆Troy finally fell to the Greeks.特洛伊城最终被希腊人攻陷。■ nemesis / /ˈneməsɪs/ / [uncountable, singular] (formal) punishment or defeat that is deserved and cannot be avoided; the thing that causes this 报应；不可避免的失败；遭到报应（或惩罚、失败）的原因◆This over-ambitious project eventually proved to be the company's nemesis.这个过于宏大的项目最终不可避免地导致了公司的失败。■ undoing / /ʌnˈduːɪŋ/ / [singular] the reason why sb fails at sth or loses their power, money or social position 失败（或垮台、失势）的原因◆That one mistake was his undoing.他一失足即成千古恨。 OPP making ⓘ If sth is the making of sb, it makes them become a better or more successful person. * be the making of sb意思是使某人成为更好或更有作为的人◆College was the making of Joe.大学造就了乔。 reduction noun reduction ♦︎ cut ♦︎ decline ♦︎ fall ♦︎ drop ♦︎ downturn ♦︎ decrease ♦︎ slump ♦︎ cutbackThese are all words for a situation when the amount, level, number or size of sth goes down. 这些词均表示减少、缩小、降低。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a reduction / cut / decline / fall / drop / downturn / decrease / slump / cutback in sth◆a reduction / cut / decline / fall / drop / decrease / cutback of 20%◆a 20% reduction / cut / decline / fall / drop / decrease in sth◆(a) sharp reduction / cuts / decline / fall / drop / downturn / decrease / slump / cutbacks◆(a) large / significant reduction / cuts / decline / fall / drop / downturn / decrease / cutbacks◆(a) big / huge / massive / major reduction / cuts / decline / fall / drop / downturn / slump / cutbacks◆(a) dramatic reduction / cuts / decline / fall / drop / downturn / slump◆(a) drastic reduction / cuts / decline / fall / drop / downturn / cutbacks◆a sudden reduction / decline / fall / drop / downturn / decrease / slump◆a slight reduction / decline / fall / drop / downturn / decrease◆to lead to / result in / cause a reduction / cut / decline / fall / drop / decrease◆to see a reduction / decline / fall / drop / downturn / decrease◆to make reductions / cuts / cutbacks■ reduction [countable, uncountable] an act of making sth less or smaller; the state of being made less or smaller 减少；缩小；降低◆This year has seen a 33% reduction in the number of hospital beds available.今年医院可用床位数量减少了33%。◆The report recommends further reductions in air and noise emissions.这份报告建议进一步降低有害气体和噪音排放量。◆There are reductions (= in the price) for children sharing a room with two adults.孩子和两个大人合住一间房可以打折。◆There has been some reduction in unemployment.失业人数有所减少。OPP increase ⇨ increase noun ■ cut [countable] a reduction that is made in the amount, size or supply of sth （数量、尺寸或供应的）削减，减少，缩减◆They had to take a 20% cut in pay.他们不得不接受减薪20%。◆The company has announced a new round of job cuts.公司宣布了新一轮工作岗位的削减。◆The proposed tax cuts will come into effect next May.减税提议将于明年5月生效。OPP increase ⇨ increase noun see also cut ⇨ cut verb 1 , lay-off ⇨ unemployment NOTE 辨析 Reduction or cut? Reduction can be used for things that become less or smaller by themselves, or things that are reduced deliberately by sb. A cut cannot happen by itself－it has to be made by sb. A cut is often (but not always) a negative thing. * reduction可指事物自行或被人为变少或变小。cut不指自行减少，只指人为减少。cut经常是（但并非总是）负面的◆job / salary / pay cuts裁员；减薪A cut cannot happen over time. A reduction can. * cut不指持续递减，而reduction可以◆a gradual reduction逐渐的减少◆a gradual cut ■ decline [countable, usually singular, uncountable] a continuous reduction that happens in the number, value or quality of sth; the process of a place, tradition or institution gradually becoming less important or coming to an end （数量、价值或质量的）减少，下降；（地方、传统或机构的）衰落，衰退◆These measures have failed to reverse the country's economic decline.这些措施未能扭转该国的经济衰退。◆His book charts the decline and fall of a great civilization.他在书中记载了一个伟大文明的衰亡。◆The town fell into (a) decline (= started to be less busy, important, etc.) after the mine closed.这个镇在矿井关闭后开始萧条。◆Industry in Britain has been in decline since the 1970s.英国工业自20世纪70年代以来一直在走下坡路。OPP rise ⇨ increase noun see also decline ⇨ fall verb 1 , decline ⇨ worsen verb ■ fall [countable] (especially business 尤用于商业) a reduction that happens in the size, number, rate or level of sth （尺寸）减小；（数量）减少；（比率或水平）降低◆Share prices suffered a slight fall yesterday.股票价格昨日微幅下挫。◆This figure represents a fall of 23% on the same period last year.这一数据与去年同期相比下降了23%。OPP rise ⇨ increase noun see also fall ⇨ fall verb 1 ■ drop [countable, usually singular] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) a reduction that happens in the size, number, rate or level of sth （尺寸）减小；（数量）减少；（比率或水平）降低◆If you want the job, you must be prepared to take a drop in salary.如果你想干这份工作，就必须对薪水减少做好思想准备。◆The restaurant has suffered a 10% drop in trade.餐厅的生意下降了10%。OPP rise ⇨ increase noun see also drop ⇨ fall verb 1 NOTE 辨析 Decline, fall or drop?These words all describe a process that happens, rather than a deliberate action by sb. Decline tends to emphasize the process, whether this is fast or slow. 这些词均指自然发生的情况，而不是某人有意所为。decline往往强调衰落的过程，不论快慢◆a steady / sharp decline in profits利润稳步／急剧下降◆a civilization in terminal decline处于衰亡期的文明 Fall and drop tend to emphasize the result of the process. * fall和drop往往强调这一过程的结果◆a fall / drop of 30%30%的下降A fall, like a decline, can happen over time, but a drop cannot. * fall和decline一样可指持续递减，但drop不能◆a gradual decline / fall逐步下降◆a gradual drop ■ downturn / /ˈdaʊntɜːn; NAmE ˈdaʊntɜːrn/ [countable, usually singular] a fall in the amount of business that is done; a time when the economy becomes weaker （生意或经济的）衰退，下降；衰退期◆The building industry is experiencing a severe downturn in its workload.建筑业正经历工程量的严重滑坡。OPP upturn ⇨ increase noun ■ decrease /ˈdiːkriːs/ / [countable, uncountable] a reduction that happens in the amount, level or number of sth （数量）减少；（水平）降低◆There has been a decrease of nearly 6% in the number of visitors to the museum.参观该博物馆的人数下降了近6%。◆Marriage is still on the decrease.结婚率仍在下降。OPP increase ⇨ increase noun see also decrease ⇨ fall verb 1 ⓘ Decrease looks like the most direct opposite of increase, but it is not nearly as frequent as increase. For deliberate reductions, use reduction or cut. For reductions that happen, fall or drop are often preferred, especially in business contexts. * decrease看起来像是increase最直接的反义词，但它远不如increase常用。表示人为的降低用reduction或cut；表示自然发生的降低往往用fall或drop，特别是在商务语境中。■ slump [countable] a sudden fall in sales, prices or the value of sth （销售量、价格或价值的）骤降，猛跌，锐减◆The recession led to a slump in consumer spending.经济衰退导致消费开支急剧下滑。◆The present slump has hit manufacturing hard.目前的金融危机严重打击了制造业。 see also slump ⇨ recession noun , slump ⇨ slump verb NOTE 辨析 Downturn or slump?Both words can be used in the context of business or the economy. 这两个词均可用于商务或经济语境◆a downturn / slump in demand / trade / business / profits需求／贸易额／生意／利润下滑／骤降However, a slump is a bigger and more sudden fall, usually seen from the point of view of the business that is losing money. 不过，slump是更严重、更突然的下降，一般是从亏损企业的角度看。 ■ cutback / /ˈkʌtbæk/ / [countable, usually plural] a reduction that is made in sth, especially money spent, people employed or benefits （尤指支出、雇员人数或福利的）削减，缩减，减少◆Many theatres are having to make major cutbacks.许多剧场不得不大幅削减开支。 see also cut sth back ⇨ cut 1 |