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division noun
⇨ division 1 (a clear division between things) ⇨ division 2 (a political division between people) ⇨ department (the sales division)division1 noun a clear division between things 事物间的明显差别a political division between people 人与人之间的政治分歧division ♦︎ separation ♦︎ isolation ♦︎ segregation ♦︎ quarantine ♦︎ split ♦︎ partition ♦︎ dissolutionThese are all words for the act or result of dividing things or people. 这些词均表示分离、分隔、隔开。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆division / separation / isolation / segregation from sb / sth◆(a) division / separation / segregation / split between sth and sth else◆(a) division / separation / segregation / split into parts◆(a) division / isolation / segregation within sth◆strict division / separation / isolation / segregation / quarantine◆(a) clear division / separation / split◆complete separation / isolation / segregation■ division [uncountable, singular] the act or result of dividing, or of dividing sth into separate parts 分开；分隔；分配◆The organism begins as a single cell and grows by cell division.这种生物始于单细胞，并通过细胞分裂而生长。◆We need to ensure a fair division of time and resources.我们需要确保时间和资源的合理分配。◆In many traditional societies, the division of labour between the sexes is strict.在许多传统社会里，男女分工非常严格。 see also divide ⇨ share verb ■ separation [uncountable, singular] the act of separating people or things; the state of being separate 分开；分割；分离◆Many years passed before the state's eventual separation from the federation.过了许多年那个州才最终脱离了联邦。◆He argued for the need for a clear separation between Church and State.他据理力争政教彻底分离的必要性。 see also separate ⇨ separate verb 1 2 , separate ⇨ disperse ■ isolation / /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃn/ / [uncountable] complete separation from other people, groups or things 隔离；孤立◆The country has been threatened with complete isolation from the international community unless the atrocities stop.这个国家已经受到了完全被国际社会孤立的威胁，除非其暴行得以遏止。◆He lives in splendid isolation (= far from, or in a superior position to, everyone else).他过着超然不群的生活。 see also isolate ⇨ isolate NOTE 辨析 Separation or isolation? Separation is the more general of these words. Isolation is used when discussing a country or its politics: collocates include diplomatic, geographical, political and international. This kind of isolation is usually seen as a bad thing; separation (for example between Church and State or between the executive and the judiciary in government) is often seen as a good thing. Isolation is also used in the context of preventing the spread of infectious diseases. 这两个词中separation较为宽泛；isolation用来谈论国家或政治，搭配词包括diplomatic、geographical、political和international。isolation用于此义时通常被看作是坏事；separation between Church and State（政教分离）或separation between the executive and the judiciary（行政与司法分离）等则常被看作是好事。isolation也指隔离以防传染病扩散◆an isolation hospital / ward隔离医院／病房 ■ segregation / /ˌsegrɪˈgeɪʃn/ / [uncountable] the act or policy of separating people of different races, religions or sexes and treating them differently 隔离政策；（对不同种族、宗教或性别的人采取的）隔离并区别对待◆The social structure was based on the policy of racial segregation.这种社会结构是依照种族隔离政策建立的。◆Segregation by sex and age is relatively common in these societies.按照性别和年龄而实施隔离的做法在这些社会中是比较常见的。ⓘ In formal language segregation can also be the act of separating people or things from a larger group. 在正式语言中，segregation也可指把人或事物从较大的群体中分离出来的做法◆the segregation of smokers and non-smokers in restaurants把餐馆中的吸烟者与非吸烟者分隔开的做法 see also segregate ⇨ isolate , discrimination , apartheid ⇨ discrimination ■ quarantine / /ˈkwɒrəntiːn; NAmE ˈkwɔːrəntiːn, ˈkwɑːrəntiːn/ [uncountable] a period of time when an animal or person that has or may have a disease is kept away from others in order to prevent the disease from spreading （为防止疾病传染而实施的）隔离期，检疫期◆The dog was kept in quarantine for six months.这只狗被检疫隔离了六个月。◆Quarantine regulations have been introduced.检疫的规定已经实施。 see also quarantine ⇨ isolate ■ split [singular] (rather informal) a division between two or more things; one of the parts that sth is divided into 划分；分割；份额◆He demanded a 50-50 split in the profits.他要求利润对半分。 see also split ⇨ share verb ■ partition /pɑːˈtɪʃn; NAmE pɑːrˈtɪʃn/ [uncountable] the division of one country into two or more countries 分割（国家）；分治；瓜分◆The effects of the partition of Germany can still be seen today.对德国的分割所造成的影响如今依然可见。 see also partition ⇨ separate verb 2 ■ dissolution /ˌdɪsəˈluːʃn/ / [uncountable] (rather formal) the act of breaking up an organization, institution or other group 解体；瓦解；分裂◆The company was set up following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.这家公司是在苏联解体之后成立的。 division2 noun a clear division between things 事物间的明显差别a political division between people 人与人之间的政治分歧division ♦︎ split ♦︎ rift ♦︎ alienation ♦︎ schism ♦︎ distance ♦︎ disunity ♦︎ estrangementThese are all words for disagreements or differences between people or groups of people. 这些词均表示人与人之间的分歧或差异。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆division / a split / a rift / a schism / distance / disunity / estrangement between people or groups◆division / disunity among people or groups◆division / a split / a rift / a schism / disunity within a group◆a split / rift with sb◆a split / alienation / distance / estrangement from sb◆(a / an) deep / serious / internal / ideological division / split / rift◆(a) growing division / split / rift / alienation / distance / estrangement◆(a) political division / split / rift / alienation / disunity◆to cause / lead to divisions / a split / a rift / alienation / a schism◆to create divisions / a rift / a distance◆to heal divisions / a split / a rift■ division [countable, uncountable] a disagreement or difference in opinion or way of life, especially between members of a society or organization （尤指社会或组织成员之间的）分歧，不和，差异◆We need to work together to heal the divisions within society.我们需要共同努力来弥合社会内部的分歧。◆The party was weakened by division between various factions.该政党因不同派系之间的分歧而被削弱。■ split [countable] (rather informal) a disagreement that divides a group of people or makes sb separate from sb else, usually permanently （通常指永久性的）分歧，分裂，分离◆A damaging split within the party leadership has occurred.该党的领导层内部已经出现了破坏性的分歧。◆He found it difficult to cope in the years following his bitter split with his wife.在与妻子痛苦分手后的那些年他觉得很艰难。■ rift [countable] a disagreement that divides people or makes sb separate from sb else, not always permanently （未必永久性的）分歧，分裂，分离◆The rift within the party deepens.该党内部的分歧加深了。◆Efforts to heal the rift between the two countries have failed.弥合两国间分歧的各种努力都已失败。NOTE 辨析 Split or rift?A rift is a serious disagreement that often leads to a split, when two people or groups, or the members of a group actually separate. A rift is more likely to be healed than a split. * rift所指的分歧十分严重，常会导致两个人、两个群体或群体成员分道扬镳(split)。rift比split更有可能被弥合(heal)。■ alienation / /ˌeɪliəˈneɪʃn/ / [uncountable] a situation in which sb becomes less friendly or sympathetic towards you; a situation in which sb feels that they do not belong in a particular group 疏远；不友好；（与某群体）格格不入◆The new policy resulted in the alienation of many voters.新政策导致许多选民疏远了。◆Many immigrants suffer from a feeling of alienation.许多移民因感到不能融入当地社会而苦恼。■ schism / /ˈskɪzəm, ˈsɪzəm/ [countable, uncountable] (formal) a split within an organization, especially a religious one, that makes its members divide into separate groups 分裂；宗派活动；（尤指）教会分裂◆The disagreement eventually led to a schism within the Church.这一分歧最终导致了教会内部的分裂。◆By 1914 the party was dangerously close to schism.到1914年，该党已濒临分裂的危险境地。■ distance [uncountable, countable] a situation in which there is a lack of friendly feelings or of a close relationship between two people or groups of people 冷淡；疏远◆He worried about the increasing distance between his children and himself.他对自己与子女之间关系的日益疏远感到担忧。◆The coldness and distance in her voice took me by surprise.她话语中透出的冷淡和疏远使我感到意外。 see also distant ⇨ cold 2 ■ disunity /dɪsˈjuːnəti/ / [uncountable] (formal) a lack of agreement between people 不统一；不团结；不和◆Disunity among opposition groups will prevent real change from happening.各反对党之间的不和将妨碍推行真正的变革措施。 OPP unity ⇨ agreement 2 ■ estrangement / /ɪˈstreɪndʒmənt/ / [uncountable, countable] (formal) the situation of being estranged (= no longer living with, friendly with or involved with sb/sth that used to be important to you) 疏远；分居（期）◆A period of estrangement from his wife had left him feeling isolated and alone.与妻子分居的生活使他感到孤独和寂寞。◆The misunderstanding had caused a seven-year estrangement between them.那场误会使他们有七年时间不相往来。 see also estranged ⇨ single department noun department ♦︎ division ♦︎ branch ♦︎ unit ♦︎ arm ♦︎ wingThese are all words for a part of an organization. 这些词均表示组织里的部门。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an administrative department / division / branch / arm◆a research department / division / unit / arm◆the finance / marketing department / division / arm◆a political department / unit / arm / wing◆a military unit / arm / wing◆a regional department / division / branch / unit■ department [countable] a part of a large organization, especially a business, shop, university, government or hospital, that deals with one particular activity （企业或商店的）部门；（大学的）系；（政府的）部，司，局；（医院的）科◆I work in the sales department.我在销售部工作。◆The children's department sells a wide range of good quality clothes.儿童用品部售卖各式各样的优质服装。◆Several professors from the history department will also speak at the event.历史系有几位教授也将在这次活动上发言。◆The Department of Trade and Industry refused to comment on the allegations.工业贸易署拒绝对这些指控发表评论。■ division [countable] a large and important part of an organization, especially a military one or a business （商业机构的）部门；（军队的）师◆The commander of the fourth infantry division defied orders.第四步兵师师长违抗命令。◆The company's sales division is going to be restructured.该公司的销售部将会重组。■ branch [countable] a local office or shop belonging to a large company or organization （公司或机构的）分支，分部，分行◆The bank has branches all over the country.这家银行在全国各地设有支行。◆Our New York branch is dealing with the matter.我们的纽约分部正在处理此事。ⓘ Some departments of a government or other organization may have a name which includes the word branch. * branch可能会用在政府或机构的部门名称中◆Scotland Yard's anti-terrorist branch swung into action.苏格兰场的反恐部门立即行动起来。 ■ unit [countable] a department, especially in a hospital, that provides a particular kind of care or treatment; a part of a military organization （医院的）科，病区；（军队的）班组，小队◆She was taken to the intensive care unit.她被送进了重症监护室。◆The hospital's maternity unit is to be closed.该医院的妇产科即将关闭。◆Enemy units have infiltrated the territory.敌方小分队已经潜入这个地区。 see also unit ⇨ army ■ arm [countable, usually singular] (used especially in compounds 尤用于复合词) a department of an organization 分部；职能部门◆The report was published by the research arm of the Department of Transport.该报告是交通部的研究部门发表的。◆The bank plans to sell part of its US finance arm.该银行计划卖掉其设在美国的金融部门的部分业务。■ wing [countable] one section of an organization, especially a political or military one, which has a particular function or whose members share the same opinions （尤指政治或军事机构中具有特殊职能或持相同观点的）派，翼◆The radical wing of the party was dissatisfied with the policies.该党的激进派对这些政策不满。 |