about prep. ⇨be about sth⇨applyverb2about adv. ⇨almost
apply2
verb
apply sanction/common sense采取制裁；运用常识special conditions apply按照特殊情况处理apply ♦︎ relate to sb/sth ♦︎ be about sth ♦︎ have/be to do with sth ♦︎ concern ♦︎ refer to sb/sth ♦︎ deal with sth ♦︎ treatThese words all mean to be relevant to or connected with sb/sth, or to have sb/sth as a subject.这些词均表示有关、涉及。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a rule / law applies to / relates to / concerns / refers to / deals with sth◆a chapter / poem is about / is concerned with / refers to / deals with sth◆a book / film is about / is concerned with / deals with sth◆to specifically / directly apply to / relate to / be about / have to do with / be concerned with / refer to / deal with sth■apply [intransitive, transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to be relevant to or connected with sb/sth有关；涉及◆Special conditions apply if you are under 18.18岁以下者按特殊情况处理。◆What I am saying applies only to some of you.我所说的只涉及你们中的一些人。◆The word 'unexciting' could never be applied to her novels.“乏味”这个词绝对和她的小说不沾边儿。■relate to sb/sth
phrasal verb
(not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to be connected with sb/sth; to refer to sb/sth涉及；与⋯有关；谈到◆We shall discuss the problem as it relates to our specific case.我们应针对我们的具体情况来讨论这个问题。◆The second paragraph relates to the situation in Scotland.第二段谈到苏格兰的形势。■be about sth
phrase
(not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to have sb/sth as a subject; to be the purpose of sth关于；目的是◆What's his new book about?他的新书是写什么的？◆Movies are all about making money these days(= they make movies for the purpose of making money).当今拍电影只为赚钱。◆What was all that about(= what was the reason for what has just happened)?这到底是怎么回事？ see also cover ⇨ include1■have to do with sth■be to do with sth
idiom
(not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to be connected with sth; to be the reason for sth与⋯有关；是⋯的原因◆Her job has something to do with computers.她的工作与计算机有关。◆'What do you want to see me about?' 'It's to do with that letter you sent me.'“你想见我有什么事？”“是关于你寄给我的那封信。”◆Hard work has a lot to do with(= is an important reason for) her success.工作努力是她成功的重要原因。ⓘ You can also usehave/be to do with to talk about people, especially in negative sentences and questions. In these cases it means to be involved with sb, or to be of interest to sb for a good reason.也可以说have/be to do with sb，尤其在否定句和疑问句中，指与某人有关，或有充分理由使某人感兴趣◆I'd have nothing to do with him, if I were you.如果我是你，我不会跟他有任何瓜葛。◆Mind your own business－this is nothing to do with you.管好你自己的事吧－这事与你无关。■concern ( be concerned with sth) [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) (ratherformal) to have sb/sth as a subject涉及；与⋯有关◆The story concerns the prince's efforts to rescue Pamina.故事讲的是王子奋力解救帕米娜。◆The book is primarily concerned with Soviet-American relations during the Cold War.这本书主要讲的是冷战时期的苏美关系。◆This chapter concerns itself with the historical background.本章旨在讲述历史背景。■reˈfer to sb/sth
phrasal verb
(-rr-)to describe or be connected to sb/sth描述；涉及；与⋯有关◆The term 'Arts' usually refers to humanities and social sciences.arts一词通常指人文和社会科学。◆This paragraph refers to the events of last year.这一段讲的是去年发生的事。■ˈdeal with sth
phrasal verb
(dealt, dealt) (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to have sth as a subject涉及；论及；关于◆Her poems often deal with the subject of death.她的诗常涉及死亡这一主题。◆The second half of the book deals exclusively with public relations.书的后半部分专门论及公共关系。NOTE辨析 Be about sth, concern or deal with sth?Be about sth is the most general of these expressions; concern and deal with sth both suggest a formal, serious or thorough discussion of a subject. * be about sth在三者中含义最广。concern和deal with sth均指对某个主题进行正式、严肃或深入的探讨。■treat [transitive] to deal with or discuss a subject in a particular way（以特定方式）阐述，讨论◆The question is treated in more detail in the next chapter.这个问题在下一章有更详细的论述。▸treatment
noun
[uncountable, countable] ◆Shakespeare's treatment of madness in 'King Lear'莎士比亚在《李尔王》中对疯癫的处理手法
almost
adverb
almost ♦︎ nearly ♦︎ virtually ♦︎ more or less ♦︎ not quite ♦︎ practically ♦︎ about ♦︎ pretty much/wellThese words are all used to mean to a great degree but not completely.这些词均表示几乎、差不多。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆almost / nearly / virtually / more or less / not quite / practically / pretty much all / every◆almost / virtually / more or less / practically / pretty much any / anything◆almost / nearly / virtually / more or less / practically always◆almost / nearly / virtually / more or less / not quite / practically empty◆almost / virtually / more or less / practically impossible◆almost / nearly / virtually / more or less / not quite / practically finished■almostto a great degree but not completely几乎；差不多◆I like almost all of them.我差不多所有的都喜欢。◆It's a mistake they almost always make.这是他们几乎总要犯的错误。◆The story is almost certainly false.这个故事几乎肯定是假的。◆Dinner's almost ready.晚饭差不多好了。◆Their house is almost opposite ours.他们的房子几乎正对着我们的房子。◆He slipped and almost fell.他滑了一下，险些跌倒。■nearlyalmost几乎；差不多◆I've worked here for nearly two years.我已经在这里工作近两年。◆The bottle's nearly empty.瓶子差不多空了。◆It's nearly time to leave.差不多该走了。◆He's nearly as tall as you are.他几乎跟你一样高。◆ (especially BrE) She very nearly died.她差点儿死了。NOTE辨析 Almost or nearly?In many cases you can use either word.在许多情况下这两个词可以通用◆I've got almost / nearly every CD they've made.他们制作的所有CD我几乎都有。◆She almost / nearly missed her train.她差点儿误了火车。You can also use them in negative sentences, but it is much more common to make a positive sentence with only just.两词也可用于否定句，但肯定句中更常用only just◆We only just got there in time. (or: We almost / nearly didn't get there in time.)我们刚好及时赶到了。Nearly is more common with numbers. * nearly多与数字连用◆There were nearly 200 people at the meeting.差不多200人出席了会议。Almost, but notnearly can be used before words like any, anybody and anything. * any、anybody和anything等词前只用almost，不用nearly◆They'll eat almost anything.他们几乎什么都吃。◆They'll eat nearly anything.You can also use almost before no, nobody and never, but it is much more common to use hardly or scarcely with any, anybody or ever. * almost还可用在no、nobody和never前，但是更常用hardly或scarcely与any、anybody或ever搭配◆She's hardly ever in. (or: She's almost never in.)她几乎总不在家。Almost can be used when you are saying that one thing looks like another. * almost可指两件物品相像◆The boat looked almost like a toy.这条船看起来像个玩具。In British English you can use very and so before nearly.在英式英语中，nearly前可用very或so修饰◆ (BrE) He was very nearly caught.他差点就被抓到。■virtuallyvery nearly, so that any slight difference is not important几乎，差不多，实际上（因而细微的差异并不重要）◆He virtually admitted he was guilty.他实际上承认了自己有罪。◆This year's results are virtually the same as last year's.今年的结果几乎和去年一样。◆The red squirrel has become virtually extinct in most of the country.这种红松鼠在该国大部分地区几乎已经灭绝。■ˌmore or ˈless
idiom
almost, especially when any difference is not very important（尤指差异不重要时）几乎，差不多◆The story is more or less true.这个传闻差不多是真实的。◆His estimate has turned out to be more or less correct.结果他的估计几乎是准确的。◆The two houses were more or less identical.两所房子几乎一模一样。◆I've more or less finished the book.我差不多看完那本书了。ⓘ More or less is not as nearly as virtually, but is used in cases where it is not so important that sth should be completely correct, the same, finished, etc. * more or less表示接近的程度不如virtually，但可用于没有必要达到完全准确、完全一致或全部完成等的情况。■not quitenot completely, but almost不完全；差不多◆The theatre was not quite full.剧场并未完全满座。◆That's not quite the same thing, is it?那并不完全是一回事，对吗？◆The room was full of old furniture that didn't quite match.房间里摆满了不太协调的老式家具。◆He didn't feel quite ready for marriage.他觉得自己还没完全做好结婚的准备。ⓘ Not quite is a less positive expression than the other words and phrases in this group: it often emphasizes the small degree to which sth is not complete or satisfactory, rather than the large degree to which it is.在这组词语中，not quite的词义不如其他词语所表达的意义正面，常常强调在很小的程度上不完全或不太令人满意，而不是大体上如是或令人满意。■practically (especiallyspoken) virtually几乎，差不多，实际上（因而细微的差异并不重要）◆She practically accused me of starting the fire!她等于说是指责我纵火！◆With that crack in it, the vase is worth practically nothing.有了那道裂纹，这只花瓶可说是一文不值。◆There's practically no difference between the two options.两种选择实际上没什么分别。NOTE辨析 Virtually or practically?In many cases you can use either word.在许多情况下这两个词可以通用◆This drug was virtually / practically unknown in Britain.这种药在英国几乎没有人知道。You can also use both these words in negative sentences, although you can also use hardly or scarcely with any, anything, ever, etc.两词也可用于否定句，当然也可用hardly或scarcely与any、anything、ever等词搭配，表达相同的意思◆There's virtually / practically no money left.几乎没剩下什么钱。◆There's hardly any money left.几乎没剩下什么钱。Practically is slightly more informal than virtually and is used especially in spoken English. * practically比virtually略微非正式，尤用于口语。■about (especiallyspoken) nearly; very close to几乎；将近◆I'm just about ready.我这就准备好了。◆This is about the best we can hope for.这差不多是我们希求的最好结果。■pretty ˈmuch■pretty ˈwell
idiom
(spoken) almost; almost completely几乎；差不多◆One sheep looks pretty much like another to me.在我看来，羊长得都差不多。◆He goes out pretty well every night.他几乎每晚都外出。◆The first stage is pretty much finished.第一阶段差不多结束了。