guarantee verb ⇨ensure (guarantee you a job)⇨fund (guarantee a loan)⇨know2 (You can guarantee she won't like it.)⇨promise (We guarantee to deliver within a week.)guarantee noun ⇨promise
ensure
verb
ensure ♦︎ make sure ♦︎ guarantee ♦︎ assure ♦︎ see to it that...These words all mean to make sth certain to happen.这些词均表示保证、确保。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to ensure / make sure / guarantee / see to it that...◆to ensure / guarantee / assure the success / survival / quality of sth◆to absolutely ensure / guarantee / assure sth◆to make absolutely sure◆to virtually ensure / guarantee / assure sth■ensure ( insure, especially in NAmE) / /ɪnˈʃʊə(r), ɪnˈʃɔː(r); NAmEɪnˈʃʊr/ [transitive, intransitive] (ratherformal) to make sth certain to happen; to check that sth is done保证；确保；务使◆The book ensured his success.这本书使他笃定会成功。◆Please ensure that all lights are switched off.请务必将所有的灯关掉。■make ˈsure
idiom
(made, made)to do sth in order to be certain that sth else happens确保；设法保证◆Make sure (that) no one else finds out about this.绝对不能让任何人发现这件事。◆They scored another goal and made sure of victory.他们又进了一个球，这就赢定了。■guarantee /ˌgærənˈtiː/ / [transitive] to make sth certain to happen保证；确保◆Tonight's victory guarantees the team's place in the final.今晚的胜利确保了这个队能进入决赛。◆These days getting a degree doesn't guarantee you a job.如今获得学位并不保证你能找到工作。■assure /əˈʃʊə(r), əˈʃɔː(r); NAmEəˈʃʊr/ [transitive] to make sth certain to happen保证；确保◆Victory would assure a place in the finals.赢得比赛将确保能进入决赛。◆This achievement has assured her a place in the history books.这一成就确定了她将在史册中留名。NOTE辨析 Ensure, guarantee or assure?Ensure is often used in orders or instructions. * ensure常用于命令或指示◆Please guarantee/assure that all lights are switched off.Assure and guarantee can suggest that feelings of worry or doubt about sth are removed; guarantee, but notassure is often used in negative statements to show that feelings of worry or doubt are not removed. * assure和guarantee可用来表示排除担心或疑虑。guarantee常用于否定句，表示没有排除担心或疑虑，assure则不这样用◆Getting a degree doesn't assure you a job.■ˈsee to it that...
phrasal verb
(saw, seen)to give your attention to sth in order to make sure that it is done确保；务使◆Can you see to it that the fax goes this afternoon?你务必今天下午就把传真发出去，好吗？
fund
verb
fund ♦︎ support ♦︎ finance ♦︎ sponsor ♦︎ guarantee ♦︎ subsidize ♦︎ underwrite ♦︎ endow ♦︎ bankrollThese words all mean to provide money for sb/sth in order to help them function or be successful.这些词均表示资助、赞助、提供资金。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to fund / support / finance / sponsor / subsidize / underwrite / bankroll a project / programme◆to fund / support / finance / sponsor / underwrite / bankroll a campaign◆to fund / support / finance / sponsor / subsidize research◆sth is fully / properly funded / financed / guaranteed / underwritten◆sth is generously funded / supported / sponsored / endowed◆sth is poorly funded / supported / financed / endowed◆sth is privately funded / financed / sponsored / endowed◆sth is publicly funded / financed / sponsored / subsidized■fund [transitive] to provide money for sth, often sth official that continues over a long period为⋯提供资金；拨款给◆There is an annual dance festival funded by the Arts Council.有一个由艺术委员会资助的一年一度的舞蹈节。◆She used the stolen money to fund her extravagant lifestyle.她大肆挥霍偷来的钱。 see also funding ⇨ investment, funds ⇨ money1■support [transitive] to provide money for sth in order to help it to be successful资助；赞助◆Several major companies are supporting the project.几家大公司在资助这个项目。▸support
noun
[uncountable] ◆Local businesses have provided financial support.当地企业提供了财政资助。■finance [transitive] to provide money for sth为⋯提供资金◆The building project will be financed by the government and by public donations.这个建筑项目将由政府和公众捐款提供资金。◆He took a job to finance his stay in Germany.他找了一份工作以支付在德国的生活费。 see also finance ⇨ money1NOTE辨析 Fund or finance?These two words are very similar, but fund is used more than finance for programmes or projects that continue or are repeated year after year.这两个词意义非常相近，但指资助年复一年持续或重复的项目时，fund较finance用得多。■sponsor / /ˈspɒnsə(r); NAmEˈspɑːnsər/ [transitive](of a company, etc.) to pay the costs of a particular event or programme as a way of advertising; to support sb by paying for their training or education（公司等为了宣传）赞助（活动或节目）；资助（某人的培训或教育）◆Many sports events on TV used to be sponsored by the tobacco industry.过去许多电视上播放的体育赛事常常由烟草商赞助。◆She found a company to sponsor her through college.她找到一家愿意资助她读完大学的公司。 see also sponsor ⇨ sponsornoun, sponsorship ⇨ investment■guarantee /ˌgærənˈtiː/ / [transitive] (finance金融) to agree to be legally responsible for repaying an amount of money if the person who owes it fails to repay it承诺为⋯作保◆His father agreed to guarantee the bank loan.他父亲同意为那笔银行贷款作保。■subsidize (BrE alsosubsidise) [transitive] to give part of the money that a person or organization needs in order to reduce their costs or prices资助；补助；津贴◆The housing projects are subsidized by the government.这些住房工程得到了政府的补贴。◆She's not prepared to subsidize his gambling any longer.她再也不愿拿钱供他去赌博了。 see also subsidy ⇨ investment■underwrite / /ˌʌndəˈraɪt; NAmEˌʌndərˈraɪt/ (underwrote, underwritten) [transitive] (finance金融) to accept financial responsibility for a project or event so that you will pay for special costs or for losses it may make承担经济责任（包括支付特别费用或损失）◆The British government ended up underwriting the entire project.结果整个项目的费用都由英国政府承担。◆The record company may underwrite the costs of a band's first tour.唱片公司可以承担乐队首次巡回演出的费用。■endow /ɪnˈdaʊ/ / [transitive] to give a large amount of money to a school, college or other institution to provide it with an income, often to be used for a particular purpose（向学校、大学或其他机构）捐钱，捐赠，资助（常作特定用途）◆In her will, she endowed a scholarship in the physics department.她在遗嘱里给物理学系捐赠了一笔奖学金。 see also endowment ⇨ investment■bankroll /ˈbæŋkrəʊl; NAmEˈbæŋkroʊl/ [transitive] (especially NAmE, ratherinformal) to support sb/sth financially资助；为⋯提供资金◆They claimed his campaign had been bankrolled with drug money.他们声称他的竞选活动是由贩毒资金支持的。
know2
verb
If only we'd known...我们要是早知道⋯就好了I know it's here somewhere!我肯定它就在这附近！feelknow what it is like to be poorlearnknow how to use spreadsheetsknow sth by heartknow sth off/down patmeet3get to know sbknow ♦︎ bet ♦︎ guaranteeThese words all mean to say that you are certain about sth.这些词均表示确信、肯定。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to know / bet / guarantee that...◆you can bet / guarantee (that...)■know(knew, known) [transitive, intransitive] to feel certain about sth确信；确定；肯定◆I know it's here somewhere!我肯定它就在这附近！◆I just knew that it was something I wanted to do.我只知道这就是我想做的事情。◆ (spoken) 'You were right－someone's been spreading rumours about you.' 'I knew it!'“你说得对，有人一直在散布你的谣言。”“我就知道！”◆'She's the worst player in the team.' 'Oh, I don't know(= I am not sure that I agree)－she played well yesterday.'“她是队里打得最差的。”“哦，是吗？她昨天表现得挺不错呀。”■bet(betting, bet, bet) [transitive] (ratherinformal, spoken) used to say that you are almost certain that sth is true or that sth will happen敢说；八成儿◆I bet we're too late.我们八成儿是太晚了。◆You can bet that the moment I sit down, the phone will ring.几乎可以肯定，我一坐下电话铃就会响起来。■guarantee / /ˌgærənˈtiː/ / [transitive] to be certain that sth will happen肯定会；必然会◆The film is virtually guaranteed to do well at the box office.这部影片几乎可以肯定会大收旺场。
promise
verb
promise ♦︎ guarantee ♦︎ swear ♦︎ pledge ♦︎ commit ♦︎ assure ♦︎ vow ♦︎ undertakeThese words all mean to tell sb that you will definitely do sth or that sth will happen.这些词均表示许诺、保证、发誓。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to swear / vow to sb (that...)◆to promise / guarantee / swear / pledge / vow / undertake to do sth◆to promise / guarantee / swear / pledge / vow that...◆to promise / guarantee / pledge your support◆to swear / pledge allegiance / loyalty◆to swear / vow revenge / eternal friendship / undying love◆to solemnly promise / swear / vow / undertake sth■promise [transitive, intransitive] to tell sb that you will definitely do or not do sth, or that sth will definitely happen许诺；答应；保证◆'Promise not to tell anyone!' 'I promise.'“你要保证不告诉任何人！”“我保证。”◆I'll see what I can do but I can't promise anything.我会看看我能做什么，但不能作什么承诺。◆You promised me (that) you'd be home early tonight.你答应过我今晚会早回家的。◆'I'll be back soon,' she promised.“我马上回来。”她答应说。◆He promised the money to his grandchildren.他答应把这笔钱留给孙辈。■guarantee / /ˌgærənˈtiː/ / [transitive] to tell sb that sth definitely will or will not happen, or that you defintely will or will not do sth保证；担保；保障◆Basic human rights, including freedom of speech, are now guaranteed.包括言论自由在内的基本人权如今都有了保障。◆The ticket will guarantee you free entry.这张票将保证你免费入场。◆We guarantee to deliver your goods within a week.我们保证一周内交货。NOTE辨析 Promise or guarantee?When you promise sth, you make a personal commitment to the person you are talking to, usually to do sth. Guarantee is less personal: when you guarantee sth, you mean that you will make sure that it happens. You have a moral duty to do what you have promised, but no one can legally force you to do it. You may have a legal duty to do what you have guaranteed, but people often use the word guarantee without actually accepting a legal duty: they mean it as a stronger form of promise. * promise指作出个人之间的承诺，通常指承诺做某事。guarantee不那么个人化，表示保证某事会发生。promise指作出道德上有义务兑现的承诺，但该承诺不具有法律约束力。guarantee可以指作出法律上有履约义务的保证，但使用这个词时常常并不真的表示具有法律效力，只是一种比promise语义更强的保证。■swear(swore, sworn) [transitive, intransitive, no passive] to make a serious or official promise to do sth or to tell the truth, for example in court郑重承诺，发誓（如在法庭上）◆She made him swear not to tell anyone.她让他发誓不告诉任何人。◆He swore revenge on the man who had killed his father.他发誓要报杀父之仇。◆I swear to God I had nothing to do with it.我对天发誓，我跟这事一点关系都没有。◆Witnesses were required to swear on the Bible.证人须手按《圣经》宣誓。◆ (spoken) I think I put the keys back in the drawer, but I couldn't swear to it(= I'm not completely sure).我想我把钥匙放回抽屉里了，不过我不敢肯定。■pledge [transitive] to formally promise to give or do sth正式承诺；保证给予（或做）◆Japan pledged $100 million in humanitarian aid.日本承诺提供1亿元的人道主义援助。◆Politicians of all parties pledged their support for the idea.各党派的政客都保证支持这个主张。◆The government has pledged that it will not raise taxes.政府保证不增加税收。■commit(-tt-) [transitive] to promise sincerely that you will definitely do sth or keep to an agreement or arrangement, knowing that failure to do so may make things difficult for you; to give an opinion or make a decision openly so that it is then difficult to change it承诺，保证（做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排）；（公开）表明意见，作出决定（使得日后难以更改）◆Several countries were reluctant to commit themselves to the treaty.有几个国家不愿签署这项条约。◆The party was committed to reforming the electoral system.该党承诺要改革选举体制。◆You don't have to commit yourself now, just think about it.你不必现在表态，只需考虑一下这事。 see also committed ⇨ reliable1■assure / /əˈʃʊə(r), əˈʃɔː(r); NAmEəˈʃʊr/ [transitive] to tell sb that sth is definitely true or is definitely going to happen, especially when they have doubts about it（尤指有质疑时）使确信，向⋯保证◆We were assured that everything possible was being done.我们得到保证：正在尽一切努力。◆She's perfectly safe, I can assure you.她绝对安全，我可以向你保证。◆We assured him of our loyal support.我们向他保证会忠诚地支持他。■vow /vaʊ/ / [transitive] (ratherformal, especiallywritten) to make a formal and serious promise to do sth起誓；立誓；发誓◆She vowed never to speak to him again.她发誓再也不和他说话。◆They vowed eternal friendship.他们立誓要友谊长存。NOTE辨析 Swear or vow?People can swear that things are, have been or will be true, but vow is more often used to talk about things you are determined to do in the future. * swear可以指发誓事情在过去、现在或将来会如此，但vow较常指发誓将来一定做某事。■undertake /ˌʌndəˈteɪk; NAmEˌʌndərˈteɪk/ (undertook, undertaken) [transitive] (formalorbusiness商业) to agree or promise that you will do sth承诺；许诺；答应◆They undertook to finish the job by Friday.他们答应周五之前完成这一工作。
promise
noun
promise ♦︎ commitment ♦︎ word ♦︎ pledge ♦︎ guarantee ♦︎ oath ♦︎ assurance ♦︎ vowThese are all words for a statement that you will definitely do or not do sth or that you are sure that sth will happen.这些词均表示诺言、保证。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a promise / a commitment / your word / a pledge / a guarantee / an oath / a vow to do sth◆a promise / your word / a pledge / a guarantee / an oath / an assurance / a vow that...◆a / your solemn promise / word / oath / assurance / vow◆a firm promise / commitment / pledge / guarantee / assurance◆a formal commitment / guarantee / oath / assurance◆a written promise / commitment / guarantee / assurance◆to give a promise / a commitment / your word / a pledge / a guarantee / an assurance◆to make a promise / commitment / pledge / guarantee / vow◆to take a pledge / an oath / a vow◆to have sb's promise / commitment / word / assurance◆to honour your promise / commitment / word / pledge / assurance◆to keep your promise / commitment / word / vow◆to break a promise / a commitment / your word / a pledge / a vow■promise [countable] a statement that tells sb that you will definitely do or not do sth诺言；许诺；承诺◆I try not to make promises that I can't keep.我尽量不承诺无法兑现的事。◆He simply broke every single promise he ever made me.他给我的承诺没有一个兑现。◆She had obviously forgotten her promise to call me.她显然把答应给我打电话的事忘得一干二净了。◆You haven't gone back on your promise to me, have you?你答应我的该不会反悔了吧？◆I won't be late. That's a promise!我不会迟到的。说话算数！■commitment [countable, uncountable] (ratherformal) a promise or determination to do sth or to behave in a particular way; a promise to support sb/sth; the fact of making a commitment承诺；许诺承担；保证◆She doesn't want to make a big emotional commitment to Steve at the moment.她不想在此刻对史蒂夫作出感情上的重大承诺。◆The company's commitment to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success.这家公司保证物美价廉的承诺是它取得成功的决定性因素。◆He questioned the government's commitment to public services.他对政府在公共服务上作出的承诺提出质疑。 see also committed ⇨ reliable1■word [singular] a promise that you will do sth or that sth will happen or is true诺言；许诺；保证◆I give you my word that it won't happen again.我向你保证这种事不会再发生了。◆I never doubted her word.我从不怀疑她的许诺。◆They claimed that the minister had gone back on her word(= broken her promise).他们称部长没有兑现她的许诺。◆We only have his word for it that he wasn't there that night.他只是向我们保证他那天晚上没在那里。◆She won't go to the police. You can take my word for it(= believe me).她不会报警的，相信我说的话吧。■pledge [countable] (especially journalism尤用于新闻) a serious promise保证；诺言；誓约◆The new leader demanded a pledge of loyalty from each of his allies.新的领导人要求每一位盟友发誓对他忠诚。◆Will the government honour its election pledge not to raise taxes?政府会信守他们的竞选诺言不提高税收吗？■guarantee / /ˌgærənˈtiː/ / [countable] a firm promise that you will do sth or that sth will happen保证；担保◆The union wants cast-iron guarantees that there will be no job losses.工会想得到确实可靠的不裁员保证。NOTE辨析 Promise, pledge or guarantee?Promise is the most frequent and most general of these words, and the only one of these three to use in the context of personal relationships. * promise在三个词中最常见、含义最宽泛，是唯一能在个人关系语境中使用的词◆She had obviously forgotten her pledge/guarantee to call me.Pledge is used especially in the context of politics and the things that politicians promise in order to get elected. * pledge尤用于政治语境，可指从政者为求当选而作的承诺◆election / campaign / manifesto pledges竞选承诺◆spending pledges given by the government政府就支出所作的保证Guarantee is used especially in matters of business involving companies or organizations. * guarantee尤指公司或机构所作的业务担保。■oath / /əʊθ; NAmEoʊθ/ [countable] (ratherformal) a formal promise to do sth; a formal statement that sth is true宣誓；誓言◆All the barons were called on to swear an oath of allegiance to the king.所有的男爵都被召来宣誓效忠国王。◆Before giving evidence, witnesses in court have to take the oath(= promise to tell the truth).作证之前，证人必须当庭宣誓据实作证。ⓘ If you are or do sth on/under oath, you have made a formal promise to tell the truth in court. * on/under oath表示已经当庭宣誓据实作证◆The judge reminded the witness that he was still under oath.法官提醒证人他已当庭宣过誓。■assurance /əˈʃʊərəns, əˈʃɔːrəns; NAmEəˈʃʊrəns/ [countable] (ratherformal) a statement that sth will certainly be true or will certainly happen, particularly when there has been doubt about it（尤指有质疑时的）保证，担保◆They asked for assurances on the safety of the system.他们要求保证系统安全。◆Despite assurances to the contrary the birds are still being sold as pets.尽管曾担保不会这样，但是这些鸟还是被当作宠物卖掉。■vow /vaʊ/ / [countable] a formal and serious promise, especially a religious one, to do sth（尤指宗教的）誓，誓言，誓约◆The monks take a vow of silence.修士要守默誓。◆She would not be unfaithful to her marriage vows.她不会不忠于自己的结婚誓言。