guess verb ⇨guess (You'll never guess.)⇨estimate (guess his age)⇨suppose (I guess so.)guess noun ⇨speculation
guess
verb
guess ♦︎ surmise ♦︎ conjectureThese words all mean to form an idea of what is happening or what is true when you do not have many facts to base this on.这些词均表示猜测、估计。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to guess / surmise / conjecture that...◆to guess / surmise sth from sth◆to guess / surmise / conjecture what / how / why...◆to guess / surmise sth correctly■guess [intransitive, transitive] to try to give an answer or make a judgement about sth without being sure of all the facts猜测；估计◆I don't really know. I'm just guessing.我并不知道，只是猜测。◆We can only guess at her reasons for leaving.对她离去的原因我们只能猜测。◆He guessed right / wrong.他猜对／错了。◆How old do you think I am? Go on, guess!你认为我多大？来吧，猜猜看！◆I guessed from John's expression that something was badly wrong.从约翰的表情看，我猜测发生了严重问题。◆Guess who's here!猜猜看谁在这儿！◆We can't begin to guess his reasons.我们真猜不出他的理由是什么。◆What did you get her for Christmas? Let me guess(= used when you think you probably know).你圣诞节送了她什么？让我猜一下。 see also guess ⇨ speculationnoun■surmise / /səˈmaɪz; NAmEsərˈmaɪz/ [transitive] (formal) to guess or suppose sth using the evidence that you have, without definitely knowing推测；猜测◆I surmised that they had been having an argument.我猜测他们刚刚吵了一架。◆What he had done with the money can only be surmised.他用那笔钱做了什么只能猜测。▸surmise /ˈsɜːmɑɪz; NAmEˈsɜːrmaɪz/
noun
[uncountable, countable, usually singular] ◆This is pure surmise on my part.这纯粹是我的猜测。◆He was glad to have his surmise confirmed.他很高兴他的猜测得到了证实。■conjecture /kənˈdʒektʃə(r)/ / [transitive, intransitive] (formal) to form an opinion about sth even though you do not have much information about it推测；猜测◆He conjectured that the population might double in ten years.他推测人口在十年后可能会翻倍。◆We can only conjecture about what was in the killer's mind.我们只能猜测当时凶手的想法。 see also conjecture ⇨ speculationnoun
estimate
verb
➡ See also the entries for ⇨ calculate and ⇨ count另见calculate条和count条estimate ♦︎ guess ♦︎ judge ♦︎ reckon ♦︎ calculate ♦︎ gauge ♦︎ figure ♦︎ extrapolateThese words all mean to form an idea of the cost, size, value, etc. of sth but without calculating it exactly.这些词均表示估计、估算。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to estimate / guess / judge / reckon / calculate / gauge / extrapolate sth from sth◆to estimate / reckon / calculate sth at sth◆to estimate / guess / judge / reckon / calculate / figure / extrapolate that...◆to estimate / guess / judge / figure / calculate / gauge how much / how many / how far, etc.◆to estimate / guess / judge / reckon / calculate / gauge / figure sth to be sth◆to estimate / guess / judge / calculate / gauge the amount / value / size / distance◆to estimate / guess / calculate sb / sth's age◆to estimate / judge / gauge the depth■estimate [transitive, often passive] (ratherformal) to form an idea of the likely cost, size, value, etc. of sth, but without calculating it exactly估计；估算◆Police estimated the size of the crowd at 50 000.警方估计人群约有5万人。◆Estimate the time it will take to complete each section.估算一下完成每一部分需要的时间。◆The satellite will cost an estimated $500m.估计这颗卫星将耗资5亿元。◆It is estimated that the project will last about four years.据估计，这项工程将历时四年。 see also estimate ⇨ valuationnoun■guess [transitive] to find the right answer to a question or the truth about sth without knowing all the facts猜对；猜中；猜到◆She guessed the answer straight away.她一下子就猜中了答案。◆I guessed, rightly, that the keys would be under the doormat.我猜对了，钥匙在门垫下面。◆You'll never guess where they've gone.你绝对猜不到他们去哪儿了。 see also guess ⇨ speculationnoun■judge [transitive] to estimate the size, amount, etc. of sth without measuring it exactly估计，猜测（大小、数量等）◆Young children are unable to judge the speed of traffic.小孩子不懂得估算车辆的速度。◆I judged him to be about 50.我估计他约莫50岁左右。NOTE辨析 Estimate or judge?Estimate is used especially to talk about things such as costs, which you would have to calculate to know exactly. Judge is used more for things such as distances, depths and speeds, which you would have to measure to know exactly. People often estimate future costs and lengths of time which cannot be calculated exactly, by thinking carefully about what is likely, given the information that they have. People often have to judge distances and speeds quickly, not by thinking carefully about all the available information, but by using their past experience as a guide. * estimate尤指对须计算才能得到准确数值的事物进行估算，如cost（成本）。judge多与distance、depth、speed搭配，指对需要测量才能得出具体数据的距离、深度、速度等方面进行判定。estimate常指根据已有信息，对所需的费用和时间等不能确切计算的概念进行仔细评估。judge常指凭借经验迅速对距离和速度作出判断，而不是对所有的信息仔细考量后再作出判定。■reckon [transitive, often passive] to estimate an amount or time approximately估算；估计◆The age of the earth is reckoned to be about 4 600 million years.估计地球的年龄大约为46亿年。◆They reckon (that) their profits were down by 30%.他们估计利润减少了30%。◆The trip was reckoned to take over two days.这次旅行估计要花两天多。ⓘ An amount or time that is reckoned may be more approximate than one that has been estimated. * reckon对时间的估算要比estimate更准确。■calculate [transitive] to guess sth or form an opinion by using all the information available预测；推测◆It's impossible to calculate the extent of his influence on her.无法估计他对她的影响有多大。◆Environmentalists calculate that hundreds of plant species may be affected.环保主义者预测数百种植物可能受到影响。 see also calculate ⇨ calculate■gauge (NAmE alsogage) / /geɪdʒ/ / [transitive] (ratherformal) to estimate the level or amount of sth approximately估计，估算（水平或数量）◆We were able to gauge the strength of the wind from the movement of the trees.我们可以根据树的摆动估算风力强度。 see also gauge ⇨ criterionnoun■figure [transitive] (especially NAmE, ratherinformal) to estimate the amount, cost or age of sb/sth, especially approximately估计，估算（数量、成本或年龄）◆If we can figure roughly how much it will cost, we can decide what to do.如果我们能大致估算出费用是多少，就能决定怎么走下一步了。ⓘ In American English figure can also be used to talk about calculating sth exactly.在美式英语中，figure还可表示准确计算。 see also figure ⇨ calculate■extrapolate / /ɪkˈstræpəleɪt/ / [intransitive, transitive] (formal) to estimate sth or form an opinion about sth, using the facts that you have now and that are valid for one situation and supposing that they will be valid for the new one推断；推知；推算◆The figures were obtained by extrapolating from past trends.这些数据是根据过去的趋势推断出来的。◆These results cannot be extrapolated to other patient groups.这些结果不能够推及到其他患者群。▸extrapolation
noun
[uncountable, countable] ◆Their age can be determined by extrapolation from their growth rate.它们的年龄可以从它们的生长速度来推定。
suppose
verb
suppose ♦︎ assume ♦︎ guess ♦︎ suspect ♦︎ imagine ♦︎ expect ♦︎ presume ♦︎ take it ♦︎ I dare sayThese words all mean to say or think that sth is true or possible, based on the information you have.这些词均表示根据所知信息认为、推断、假定。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to suppose / assume / guess / suspect / imagine / expect / presume / take it / dare say that...◆to be supposed / assumed / suspected / imagined / presumed to be sth◆Let's / Let us suppose / assume / imagine / presume / take it...◆can only suppose / assume / imagine / presume / take it (that)...◆to reasonably suppose / assume / suspect / presume◆to rightly suppose / assume / suspect◆to be widely supposed / assumed / suspected / presumed◆to be commonly / generally supposed / assumed / imagined / presumed◆always supposing / assuming / presuming that...◆I suppose / assume / guess / suspect / imagine / expect / presume so.■suppose [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to think or believe that sth is true or possible, based on the information you have（根据所知信息）认为，推断，料想◆Getting a visa isn't as easy as you might suppose.办签证可不像你想的那么容易。◆Prices will go up, I suppose.我觉得物价将会上涨。◆I suppose you think that's funny!我想你会认为这很有趣！◆Why do you suppose he resigned?你凭什么推断他辞职了呢？◆I don't suppose for a minute that he'll agree(= I'm sure that he won't).我认为他绝不会同意。ⓘ Suppose is also used to make a statement, request or suggestion less direct or less strong. * suppose也用于比较间接或婉转地表明立场、提出请求或建议◆I could take you in the car, I suppose(= but I don't really want to).要不你坐我的车吧。◆'Can I borrow the car?' 'I suppose so(= Yes, but I'm not very happy about it).'“我能借这辆车吗？”“应该可以吧。”◆Suppose we take a later train?也许我们可以坐晚一点的火车？■assume /əˈsjuːm; NAmEəˈsuːm/ [transitive] to think or accept that sth is true but without having any proof假定；假设；认为◆Let's assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.咱们可以暂时假设该计划成功。◆I think we can safely assume that this situation will continue.我觉得我们可以有把握地认为这种状态将会持续下去。◆It's generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为紧张是工作过重所致。◆Don't always assume the worst(= think that the worst thing will happen).别总往最坏处想。 see also assumption ⇨ speculation■guess [transitive] (usually used in the form I guess通常用于I guess形式) (especially NAmE, spoken) to suppose that sth is true or likely想；认为◆I guess I'm just lucky.我认为我只是幸运而已。◆He didn't see me, I guess.我想他没看见我。ⓘ I guess so is used to agree to a statement, invitation or request, but in a way that shows you are hesitating about it. * I guess so用于表示同意某种说法、接受邀请或请求，但表现出有些犹豫◆'Can I have another cookie?' 'I guess so, but that's the last one.'“我能再吃块曲奇饼吗？”“行吧，不过这是最后一块。”■suspect [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) to have an idea that sth is probably true or likely to happen, especially sth bad, but without having any definite proof疑有，觉得（尤指坏事可能属实或发生）◆If you suspect a gas leak, call the emergency services immediately.假如你怀疑有煤气泄漏，马上给应急服务机构打电话。◆As I suspected all along, he was not a real policeman.他不是真警察，我一直就觉得他不像。 see also suspicion ⇨ doubtnoun2, suspicion ⇨ idea2■imagine [transitive] to think that sth is probably true; to believe sth that is not true料想；认为；胡乱猜想；猜测◆'Will we still be allowed in?' 'I imagine so.'“我们还能进去吗？”“我想可以吧。”◆I don't imagine he'll get here now, do you?我认为他现在不会到这里来，你说呢？◆He's always imagining that we're talking about him behind his back.他总是胡乱猜想我们在背后说他的闲话。■expect [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) (especially BrE, spoken) to think that sth is probably true猜想；料想；认为◆'Will Bill be there?' 'I expect so.'“比尔会去那里吗？”“我想会吧。”◆'Are you going out tonight?' 'I don't expect so.'“你今晚出去吗？”“我想不会吧。”◆I expect he'll be late, as usual.我想他会像往常一样迟到。■presume /prɪˈzjuːm; NAmEprɪˈzuːm/ [transitive] (formal) to suppose that sth is true, although you have no proof假设；假定◆I presumed that he understood the rules.我还以为他明白这些规则。◆Little is known of the youngest son; it is presumed that he died young.人们对那个最小的儿子所知甚少，据推测他已经夭折。ⓘ Presume is more formal than assume. It is often used when you are not interested enough in sth to find out if it is really true or not. * presume比assume正式，常用于对事情是否属实不怎么感兴趣的场合◆'Is he still abroad?' 'I presume so(= but I don't actually know and I don't really care either).'“他还在国外吗？”“我想是吧。” see also presume ⇨ say3, presumably ⇨ probably, presumption ⇨ speculation■ˈtake it
idiom
(took, taken) (ratherinformal) to suppose that sth is true假设；假定；设想；以为◆I take it you won't be coming to the party.我想你不会来参加聚会吧。ⓘ Take it is always followed by a that clause, even if the word that is actually left out. * take it后面总是接that从句，即便that已被省略。■I dare say ( I daresay)
idiom
(especially BrE, spoken) used when you think that sth is probably true我想；很可能；大概◆I dare say he'll cope.我想他能处理得了。ⓘ I dare say is always followed by a that clause, even if the word that is actually left out. * I dare say后面总是接that从句，即便that已被省略。
speculation
noun
➡ See also the entry for ⇨ conclusion另见conclusion条speculation ♦︎ assumption ♦︎ guess ♦︎ presumption ♦︎ presupposition ♦︎ conjecture ♦︎ guessworkThese are all words for an idea about what is true, correct, etc. that is not necessarily based on all the facts.这些词均表示推测、猜测、假定。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆speculation / an assumption / a guess / a presumption / a presupposition / conjecture / guesswork about sth◆speculation / the assumption / a guess / the presumption / the presupposition / the conjecture that...◆(a) general speculation / assumption / presumption / conjecture◆(a) mere speculation / guess / presumption / conjecture / guesswork◆pure / sheer speculation / conjecture / guesswork◆a basic assumption / presumption / presupposition◆to make an assumption / a guess / a presumption / a conjecture◆to base sth on an assumption / a guess / a presumption / presupposition■speculation / /ˌspekjuˈleɪʃn/ / [uncountable, countable] the act of forming opinions about what has happened or what might happen without knowing all the facts推测；猜测；推断◆There has been increasing speculation over the future of the monarchy.对这个君主国前途的推测越来越多。◆She dismissed the newspaper report as pure speculation.她认为报纸上的报道纯属臆断，不值一顾。◆Speculation was rife(= there was a lot of speculation) that he was having an affair.很多人猜测他有外遇。◆Our speculations proved correct.事实证明，我们的推断是对的。 see also speculate ⇨ say3■assumption / /əˈsʌmpʃn/ / [countable] a belief or feeling that sth is true or that sth will happen, although there is no proof假定；假设◆There is a general but false assumption that intelligent people do better in life.有一种普遍但却是错误的假定，认为聪明的人会生活得更好些。◆We are working on the assumption that about 50 people will turn up.我们假定会来50人，并以此去安排。 see also assume ⇨ suppose■guess [countable] an attempt to give an answer or make a judgement about sth without being sure of all the facts猜测；猜想◆ (BrE) Go on! Have a guess!来呀！猜猜看！◆ (NAmE) Take a guess!猜测一下！◆Who do you think I saw yesterday? I'll give you three guesses.你猜我昨天看见谁了？我让你猜三次。◆My guess is that not many people will turn out today.我猜想今天不会有许多人到场。◆At a guess, there were about 40 people there.估计那儿有大约40人。◆It's probably about 300 kilometres away, but that's just a rough guess.很可能在300公里之外吧，不过这只是一个大致的猜测。 see also guess ⇨ estimateverb, guess ⇨ guessverb■presumption / /prɪˈzʌmpʃn/ / [countable] (ratherformal) something that is thought to be true or probable可能的事；认为真实的事◆The general presumption is that the doctor knows best.人们普遍认为医生最了解情况。ⓘ In legal English (a) presumption [uncountable, countable] is the act of supposing that sth is true, although it has not yet been proved or is not certain.在法律用语中presumption表示对某事属实的假定，尽管没有证据证明或未确定其属实◆ (law法律) Everyone is entitled to the presumption of innocence until they are proved guilty.每个人在被证明有罪之前都应假定无罪。 see also presume ⇨ say3, presume ⇨ suppose■presupposition / /ˌpriːsʌpəˈzɪʃn/ / [countable, uncountable] (formal, oftendisapproving) an idea that you suppose to be true and that you use as the basis of an argument even though it has not been proved; the act of supposing sth to be true假设的事情；假定；预设◆Try to clear your mind of any presuppositions.要尽量把你头脑中的预设想法排除掉。◆These theories are based on presupposition and guesswork.这是些基于假设与猜测的理论。 see also presuppose ⇨ say3■conjecture / /kənˈdʒektʃə(r)/ / [countable, uncountable] (ratherformal) an idea that is not based on definite knowledge and is formed by guessing; the process of forming an opinion or idea that is not based on definite knowledge猜测；推测；揣测；臆测◆The truth of this conjecture was confirmed the next day.这猜测第二天被证明果然不假。◆What was going on in the killer's mind is a matter for conjecture.凶手当时心里是怎么想的，这个问题只能由人们去推测了。 see also conjecture ⇨ guessverb■guesswork /ˈgeswɜːk; NAmEˈgeswɜːrk/ [uncountable] the process of trying to find an answer by guessing when you do not have enough information to be sure猜想；猜测◆A combination of guesswork and luck led them to the right address.一半靠猜一半靠运气，他们找到了正确的地点。