guide noun ⇨adviser (his spiritual guide)⇨book (a TV/travel guide)⇨criterion (as a rough guide)guide verb ⇨take2
adviser
noun
adviser ♦︎ consultant ♦︎ counsellor ♦︎ mentor ♦︎ guideThese are all words for a person who gives advice or help to sb either personally or because it is their job.这些词均表示顾问。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an adviser / a consultant / a mentor to sb◆an adviser / a consultant on sth◆a political adviser / consultant / mentor◆a spiritual adviser / counsellor / mentor / guide◆to act as an adviser / a consultant / a mentor / a guide■adviser ( less frequentadvisor) [countable] a person who gives advice, especially sb who knows a lot about a particular subject顾问；提供意见者◆He works as an adviser on environmental issues.他担任环境问题顾问。◆As your legal adviser, it is my duty to warn you against it.作为你的法律顾问，我有责任提醒你别去做那件事。 see also aide ⇨ assistant■consultant / /kənˈsʌltənt/ / [countable] a person who knows a lot about a particular subject and is paid by a company to give advice about it（受雇的）顾问◆The professor also acted as a consultant to the Department of Education.这位教授还担任教育部的顾问。◆Management consultants were brought in to sort out the mess.请来了管理顾问去收拾乱局。NOTE辨析 Adviser or consultant?An adviser may be employed permanently by a company, government, politician, etc. or may be an independent person who is brought in to give advice on a particular issue or project. Consultants give advice in a particular area to businesses, politicians, etc. and are not usually employed permanently by the person or company they give advice to but often work for a consultancy firm. * adviser可能长期受雇于公司、政府或政治人物等，也可能是临时受雇就某个问题或项目提供咨询的独立人士。consultant为企业、政治人物等就某个领域提供咨询，通常不长期受雇于这些机构或个人，但常常是顾问公司的员工。■counsellor (especially BrE) (NAmE usuallycounselor) [countable] a person who has been trained to help people deal with problems, especially personal problems（尤指针对私人问题的）顾问，辅导员◆The centre is staffed by specially trained counsellors.中心配有受过专门培训的辅导人员。◆ (BrE) Have you thought of talking to a marriage guidance counsellor?你想过找婚姻指导顾问谈谈吗？◆ (NAmE) a marriage counselor婚姻辅导员■mentor / /ˈmentɔː(r)/ / [countable] an experienced person who advises and helps sb with less experience over a period of time（一段时期内指导经验尚浅者的）导师，顾问◆The agent was a friend and mentor to many young artists.这个经纪人是很多年轻艺术家的朋友兼顾问。 see also guru ⇨ expert, mentoring ⇨ education■guide [countable] a person who advises you on how to live and behave（生活或行为方面的）指导者，引导者◆His sister had been his guide, counsellor and friend.他姐姐曾是他的指导、顾问兼朋友。
book
noun
book ♦︎ publication ♦︎ novel ♦︎ guide ♦︎ title ♦︎ manual ♦︎ textbook ♦︎ text ♦︎ volumeThese are all words for a set of printed pages that are fastened together inside a cover.这些词均表示书籍。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a book / publication / novel / guide / manual / textbook / text / volume about sb / sth◆a book / publication / guide / title / manual / textbook / text / volume on sb / sth◆a book / publication / novel / title / text / volume by sb◆a reference book / publication / guide / title / manual◆a best-selling book / novel / guide / title / textbook◆a paperback book / publication / novel / title / volume◆a children's book / novel / guide / title◆to read a book / publication / novel / guide / manual / textbook / text / volume◆to publish a book / a novel / a guide / titles / manuals / textbooks / a volume◆to write a book / publication / novel / guide / manual / textbook / text / volume■book [countable] a set of printed pages that are fastened together inside a cover so that you can turn them and read them; a written work published in printed or electronic form书；书籍；印刷（或电子）出版物◆His desk was covered with piles of books.他的书桌上堆满了一摞摞的书。◆The book has received some terrible reviews.这本书得到了一些劣评。◆a library / hardback book馆藏书；精装书■publication / /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃn/ / [countable] (ratherformal) a book, magazine, newspaper or document in which information or stories are published（书刊、报纸、文件等）出版物◆Her work has appeared in a wide variety of mainstream publications.她的作品见于各大主流出版物。■novel [countable] a printed story long enough to fill a complete book, in which the characters and events are usually imaginary（长篇）小说◆detective / historical / romantic novels侦探／历史／言情小说◆His first novel was published in 1934.他的第一部小说于1934年出版。 see also novelist ⇨ writer■guide [countable] a book or magazine that gives you information, help or instructions about sth指南；手册◆a Guide to Family Health家庭健康指南◆Let's have a look at the TV guide and see what's on.咱们看一下电视节目表，好知道电视上在放些什么。ⓘ A guide or guidebook is also a book that gives information about places for travellers or tourists. * guide和guidebook也指旅游指南、旅游手册◆He has written a number of travel guides.他写了几本旅游指南。◆a guidebook to Peru秘鲁旅游指南■title [countable] a book or magazine, especially one that is being published or sold by sb/sth（尤指由某人或某机构出版或发售的）书刊◆The company publishes twenty new titles a year.这家公司一年出版二十种新书。■manual / /ˈmænjuəl/ / [countable] a book that tells you how to do sth, or operate sth such as a machine使用手册；说明书；指南◆Why do you never read the instruction manual?你为什么从来不看说明书？■textbook / /ˈtekstbʊk/ / (NAmE alsotext) [countable] a book that teaches a particular subject and that is used especially in schools and colleges教科书；课本；教材◆a school / medical / history textbook课本；医学／历史教科书◆I would not recommend it as a classroom textbook.我不会把它推荐为课堂上使用的教科书。 see also text ⇨ literature, text ⇨ script■text [countable] a book, play or piece of writing, especially one that you study as part of a programme of study（尤指作为课程一部分而学习的）书籍，剧本，文章◆It is one of the most difficult literary texts of all time.这是有史以来最难的文学作品之一。◆ (BrE) 'Macbeth' is a set text for the exam.《麦克佩斯》是考试指定的必读剧目。ⓘ A text can also mean a textbook, especially in American English. * text也可指textbook，即教科书，尤其在美式英语中◆Students are requested not to buy texts prior to the first class.在上第一堂课之前要求学生先不买教科书。■volume [countable] (formal) a book书◆She published her first book, a slim volume of poetry, at the age of sixteen.她十六岁时出版了第一本书－一本薄薄的诗集。ⓘ Volume can be used in formal contexts when you are considering the size of a book or the number of books. * volume可以用在正式的语境中，指书的厚薄、套书的册数或藏书的数量◆a slim / thick volume薄薄的／厚厚的一册◆a library of over 50 000 volumes藏书5万多册的图书馆It is not used in more general contexts. * volume不用在较为笼统的语境中◆His desk was covered with piles of volumes.◆The volume has received some terrible reviews. see also volume ⇨ chapter
criterion
noun
criterion ♦︎ standard ♦︎ test ♦︎ measure ♦︎ benchmark ♦︎ guide ♦︎ guideline ♦︎ gauge ♦︎ yardstick ♦︎ normThese are all words for amounts, or levels of quality, that are used to help you estimate or judge sb/sth.这些词均表示用来评判的标准、准则、尺度。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a criterion / measure / benchmark / yardstick / norm for sth◆by any criteria / standard / measure / yardstick◆against the criteria / standard / benchmark / yardstick / norm◆a useful criterion / test / measure / benchmark / guide / gauge / guideline / yardstick◆(an) objective criterion / standards / test / measure / guide◆(a) general standards / measure / guide / guideline◆(a) reliable test / measure / guide / gauge / guidelines◆to serve as a criterion / measure / guide / gauge / guideline / yardstick◆to provide a criterion / standard / measure / benchmark / guide / yardstick◆to set / establish criteria / a standard / the benchmark / norms■criterion / /kraɪˈtɪəriən; NAmEkraɪˈtɪriən/ (pluralcriteria) [countable] a principle or level of quality by which sth is judged or by the help of which a decision is made（评判或作决定的）标准，准则，尺度◆The sole criterion is the market price of the land.唯一的标准是土地的市场价格。◆What are the criteria used in evaluating student performance?评定学生表现的准则是什么？◆The listing in the guide is proof that the restaurant meets certain criteria.在指南中榜上有名，证明这家餐馆达到了一定水准。■standard [countable, usually plural] a level of quality that is normal or acceptable for a particular person or in a particular situation（正常）水平；（应有的）标准，水准◆No matter how hard I tried I could never reach their standards.无论怎样努力，我总是达不到他们的标准。◆You'd better lower your standards if you want to find somewhere cheap to live.要想找个便宜的地方住，你最好降低标准。◆I don't know if it's up to your standards.我不知道这是否符合你的标准。◆It was a simple meal, by Eddie's standards.按埃迪的标准，那不过是顿便饭。◆The equipment was slow and heavy by modern standards.按现代标准，这设备又缓慢又笨重。■test [countable] a situation or event that shows how good, strong, etc. sb/sth is检验；考验◆The local elections will be a good test of the government's popularity.地方选举对政府是否得人心将是一个很好的检验。◆The game against Dundee will be a real test of character for us.与邓迪队的比赛对我们的意志将是一次真正的考验。◆The latest pay dispute has really put her management skills to the test.最近的薪酬纠纷确实让她的管理才能受到了考验。■measure [countable] a way of judging or measuring sth; a sign of the size or strength of sth判断；衡量；尺度；程度◆Exam results are only one measure of a school's success.考试成绩只是衡量学校水平的一个标准。◆Is this test a good measure of reading comprehension?这个测试是判断阅读理解能力的好方法吗？◆Her hand trembled slightly, a measure of her anxiety.她的手微抖，表明她感到焦虑。■benchmark /ˈbentʃmɑːk; NAmEˈbentʃmɑːrk/ [countable] something that can be measured and used as a standard that other things can be compared with基准◆The German recycling system is seen as a benchmark for schemes throughout Europe.德国的回收制度被视为全欧洲回收体系的标准。◆The central bank has cut its benchmark interest rate four times.中央银行已经四次调低基准利率。■guide [countable, usually singular] something that gives you enough information to be able to make a decision about sth or form an opinion指导原则；参考标准◆As a general guide, large dogs need more exercise than small ones.一般来说，大型犬比小型犬需要更多的运动。◆These figures should be taken as a rough guide.应该把这些数字看作大致的标准。■guideline /ˈgaɪdlaɪn/ / [countable] something that can be used to help you make a decision or form an opinion参考◆These prices are a guideline only.这些价格仅供参考。◆It may help to have a few guidelines to follow.有些规则可循，也许会有帮助。NOTE辨析 Guide or guideline?There is very little difference in meaning between these two words. Guide is often used in situations where being exact is less important; guideline is often used in business situations, where it is impossible to be exact, but still important to be as nearly right as possible. Guide is not usually used in the plural.这两个词含义差别很小。guide常用于不需要特别精确的场合，guideline常用于不可能精确但要尽量准确的商业场合。guide通常不用复数形式◆It may help to have a few guides to follow.■gauge (NAmE alsogage) / /geɪdʒ/ / [countable, usually singular] (written, especially business尤用于商业) a thing, event or fact that can be used to estimate or judge sth依据；尺度；标准◆The company was regarded as a gauge of Britain's industrial well-being.这家公司被视为衡量英国工业发展状况的指标。 see also gauge ⇨ estimateverb, gauge ⇨ judgeverb1■yardstick /ˈjɑːdstɪk; NAmEˈjɑːrdstɪk/ [countable] something that can be measured and used as a standard that other things can be compared with衡量标准；准绳◆Exam results are not the only yardstick of a school's performance.考试成绩并非衡量学校水平的唯一标准。◆Rates of progress are difficult to compare without a common yardstick.没有共同的标准，进步的快慢不好比较。NOTE辨析 Benchmark or yardstick?A benchmark is usually the particular standard that is used or recommended for measuring a particular thing; a yardstick is more often one of several possible standards that can be used. * benchmark通常指衡量特定事物的特定标准；yardstick则多指可以采用的几种标准之一。■norm [countable] a required or agreed standard, level or amount标准；定额；定量◆The level of background radioactivity is well below international norms.本底辐射强度远低于国际标准。
take2
verb
take your things with you把你的东西带上take sb home领某人回家take your books off the table把你的书从桌子上拿开I passed him the rope and he took it.我把绳子递给他，他接了过去。take a job/bribes/sb's advice接受一份工作／贿赂／某人的建议take an opportunity把握机会take the blame承担过错的责任He took the painting for a genuine Van Gogh.他误以为这幅画是凡•高的真迹。take drugs吸毒➡ See also the entry for ⇨ accompany另见accompany条take ♦︎ lead ♦︎ escort ♦︎ drive ♦︎ show ♦︎ walk ♦︎ guide ♦︎ usher ♦︎ directThese words all mean to go with sb from one place to another.这些词均表示带领、引领、领路。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to take / lead / escort / drive / show / walk / guide / usher / direct sb to / out of / into sth◆to take / lead / escort / drive / walk / guide / usher / direct sb there / somewhere◆to take / lead / escort / drive / show / walk / guide sb around / round◆to take / lead / escort / drive / walk sb home◆to take / lead / escort / show / guide / usher sb in / out◆to take / lead / escort / guide sb to safety◆to lead / show the way■take(took, taken) [transitive] to go with sb from one place to another, for example in order to show them sth or to show them the way to a place带去；引领◆It's too far to walk－I'll take you by car.步行路太远，我开车送你去。◆The boy took us to our rooms.那个男孩带我们到各自的房间。◆I asked them if they'd take me with them.我问他们是否会带上我。◆I'm taking the kids swimming later.我待会儿带孩子们去游泳。■lead(led, led) [transitive, intransitive] to go with or go in front of sb in order to show them the way or to make them go in the right direction带路；领路；引领◆She led the horse back into the stable.她把那匹马牵回了马厩。◆Firefighters led the survivors to safety.消防员将幸存者带到了安全的地方。◆If you lead, I'll follow.你领头，我会跟着。OPPfollow ⇨ follow1■escort / /ɪˈskɔːt; NAmEɪˈskɔːrt/ [transitive] to go with sb in order to protect or guard them or to show them the way护卫；护送；引领◆The president arrived, escorted by twelve guards.总统在十二名卫兵护送下到达。◆The prisoners were escorted back to their cells.囚犯被押回牢房。■drive(drove, driven) [transitive] to take sb somewhere in a car, taxi, etc.驾车送（某人）◆My mother drove us to the airport.我妈妈开车送我们到了机场。■show(showed, shown) [transitive] to take sb to a particular place, in the right direction, or along the correct route引领；带领◆They'll need someone to show them the way.他们需要有人带路。◆'There's a Mr Smith here to see you.' 'Show him in.'“这儿有一位史密斯先生想见你。”“带他进来。” see also show ⇨ pointverb■walk [transitive] to go somewhere with sb on foot, especially in order to make sure that they get there safely; to take an animal, especially a dog, for a walk or make an animal walk somewhere陪伴⋯走；护送⋯走；牵着（狗等动物）走；遛；赶着⋯走◆He always walked her home.他经常陪她走回家。◆She walks the dog every day at about two o'clock.她每天两点左右遛狗。◆He walked the pony up and down the yard.他牵着马在院子里来回走着。■guide [transitive] to show sb the way to a place, often by going with them; to show sb a place that you know well给（某人）领路（或导览）；指引◆She guided us through the busy streets.她带领我们穿过繁忙的街道。◆We were guided around the museums.我们被领着参观了几家博物馆。■usher /ˈʌʃə(r)/ / [transitive] (ratherformal, especiallywritten) to politely take or show sb where they should go, especially within a building（尤指在建筑物内）把⋯引往，引导◆The secretary ushered me into her office.秘书把我领进她的办公室。◆She ushered her guests to their seats.她把客人带到他们的座位上。■direct [transitive] (ratherformal) to tell or show sb how to get somewhere or where to go给（某人）指路；为（某人）领路◆A young woman directed them to the station.一个年轻女子告诉了他们去车站怎么走。◆A police officer was directing the traffic.一名警察在引导交通。◆He was directed to a table beside the window.他被带到一张靠窗的桌子。 see also direction ⇨ way3