handout noun ⇨aid (dependent on handouts)⇨gift (a £70 000 government handout)⇨leaflet (a publicity handout)
aid
noun
aid ♦︎ help ♦︎ welfare ♦︎ relief ♦︎ charity ♦︎ social security ♦︎ handoutThese are all words for help, money, food and other supplies that are given to people who are poor, sick or in need in some way.这些词均表示救济、捐助或援助。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆aid / help / welfare / relief / charity / social security / handouts for sb◆to be on welfare / social security◆emergency aid / help / relief◆government / state aid / help / welfare / relief / handouts◆direct / immediate / financial / medical aid / help / relief◆to get / receive aid / help / welfare / relief / charity / social security / handouts◆to accept aid / help / charity◆to give (sb) aid / help / relief / charity / handouts◆to provide / send / promise aid / help / relief◆to ask for aid / help / welfare / relief / charity◆to rely / depend on help / welfare / charity / social security / handouts◆to live on welfare / charity / social security■aid [uncountable] money, food, medicine and other supplies that are sent to help countries in difficult situations援助（如款项、食品、药品等）；救援物资◆An extra £10 million in foreign aid has been promised.额外的1 000万英镑外国援助款项已经得到许诺。◆Much of the funding has come from international aid agencies(= organizations that provide help).很多资金来自国际救援机构。■help [uncountable] advice or money that is given to sb in order to solve their problems帮助，援助，救助（如建议或金钱）◆I decided to seek legal help.我决定寻求法律援助。◆The organization offers practical help in dealing with paperwork.这个机构提供文件处理方面的实际帮助。 see also help ⇨ helpverb2■welfare / /ˈwelfeə(r); NAmEˈwelfer/ [uncountable] practical or financial help that is provided, often by the government, for people or animals that need it（政府给予的）福利◆The state is still the main provider of welfare.政府仍然是福利的主要提供者。◆Animal welfare groups want this practice banned altogether.动物保护团体希望全面禁止这种做法。ⓘ In American English welfare is also money that the government pays regularly to people who are poor, unemployed or sick. In British English this is called social security.美式英语中welfare还指政府定期发给贫困、失业或疾患人口的保障金，英式英语称之为social security◆They would rather work than live on welfare.他们宁愿工作也不愿靠社会保障金过活。 see also on welfare ⇨ unemployed■relief [uncountable] money, food, medicine and other supplies that are sent to help people in countries where there has been a war or natural disaster（因战乱或天灾而提供的）救援物品，救济◆We raised £5 000 for famine relief.我们为赈济饥荒筹集了5 000英镑。 see also relieve ⇨ easeNOTE辨析 Aid or relief?Aid is often used to talk about money given to countries in financial trouble, often over a period of time. Relief is used more often to talk about money, medicine, food, etc. given to people in places where there has been a war or natural disaster, usually as an immediate response to a sudden emergency. * aid常指给予经济困难国家的资金援助，且通常持续一段时期。relief多指给予遭受战争或自然灾害地区灾民的资金、药品、食品等，通常是对突发紧急情况的即时应对。■charity [uncountable] the aim of giving money, food and help to people who are in need慈善；赈济◆Most of the runners in the London Marathon are raising money for charity.大多数人参加伦敦马拉松赛跑是为慈善事业募集资金。◆He refused to live off charity(= to live on money which other people give you because you are poor).他拒绝靠救济过活。■ˌsocial seˈcurity [uncountable] (BrE) money that the government pays regularly to people who are poor, unemployed or sick（定期给予贫困、失业、疾患人口的）社会保障金◆He's been living on social security for the past two months.过去两个月他一直靠社会保障金生活。■handout /ˈhændaʊt/ / [countable] (sometimesdisapproving) food, money or clothes that are given to a person who is poor（给予穷人的）施舍，救济品（如食物、金钱或衣物）◆I don't want to be dependent on handouts.我不想依靠别人的施舍。 see also handout ⇨ gift, hand sth out ⇨ distribute
gift
noun
gift ♦︎ present ♦︎ donation ♦︎ contribution ♦︎ tip ♦︎ gratuity ♦︎ handoutThese are all words for a thing that you give to sb, for example on a special occasion, to help them, or to say thank you.这些词均表示礼物，馈赠品、谢礼。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a gift / present / donation / contribution / tip / gratuity / handout for / from sb◆a gift / present / donation / contribution to sb / sth◆£50 000, $10, etc. in gifts / donations / contributions / tips / handouts◆a small gift / present / donation / contribution / tip / gratuity◆a large / generous gift / present / donation / contribution / tip◆a / an birthday / wedding / anniversary / Christmas gift / present◆a cash gift / donation / handout◆a free gift / handout◆to get a gift / present / donation / contribution / tip / handout◆to receive a gift / present / donation / contribution / gratuity◆to send (sb) a gift / present / donation / contribution◆to leave (sb) a gift / present / donation / tip / gratuity◆to give (sb) a gift / present / donation / tip◆to make a donation / contribution■gift [countable] (ratherformal, especiallywritten) a thing or a sum of money that you give to sb礼物；赠品；礼金◆There's a free gift for every reader.每位读者均有赠品。◆The gift of love is the greatest gift a person can give or receive.爱是一个人可以给予或接受的最好的礼物。◆The party was originally funded by a gift of £50 000 from a top motor manufacturer.最初，一家顶尖汽车制造商赠送5万英镑资助了这个政党。◆ (BrE) All such posts are in the gift of the managing director(= only given by the managing director).所有这些职位都由总经理任命。 see also give ⇨ give5■present [countable] a thing that you give to sb, especially on a special occasion or to say thank you（尤指在特殊场合赠送或表示感谢的）礼物，礼品◆What can I get him for a birthday present?我给他送什么生日礼物好呢？NOTE辨析 Gift or present?Gift is more formal than present and is used especially in business contexts: a store will advertise its Christmas gift ideas; the people who buy them will talk about the Christmas presents they have bought for family and friends. A present is usually given by and to an individual; a gift may be given by a company (a corporate gift) and/or to an organization. A present is usually an object, but a gift may be a sum of money, or sth such as the gift of love/life. * gift比present正式，尤用于商务语境。商店作广告宣传的圣诞礼物创意用Christmas gift idea，为家人或朋友购买的圣诞礼物用Christmas present。present通常为个人赠送或收到的礼物，gift可以是公司或机构赠送或收到的礼物，如a corporate gift。present通常为物品，但gift可以是一笔钱，或另类形式的礼物，如the gift of love/life（爱／生命的给予）◆funded by a present of £50 000◆She gave me the present of love.Especially in American English, however, gift is not always so formal and is sometimes used in personal contexts instead of present.不过，尤其在美式英语中，gift不总是如此正式，有时会代替present用于个人场合◆The watch was a gift / present from my mother.这块手表是我妈妈送的礼物。■donation / /dəʊˈneɪʃn; NAmEdoʊˈneɪʃn/ [countable] something that is given to a person or organization such as a charity, in order to help them; the act of giving sth in this way（给某人或慈善机构等的）捐赠物，捐款；捐赠◆I made a £200 donation to charity.我向慈善机构捐了200英镑。◆The work of the charity is funded by voluntary donations.这家慈善机构的运作靠自愿捐款资助。◆Organ donation(= allowing doctors to use organs from your body after your death in order to save a sick person's life) has not kept pace with the demand for transplants.器官捐献赶不上器官移植的需求。 see also donate ⇨ give5■contribution /ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn; NAmEˌkɑːntrɪˈbjuːʃn/ [countable, uncountable] a sum of money or sth that is given to a person or organization in order to help pay for sth or raise money for sth; the act of giving sth in this way捐款；捐物；捐助◆He has made several valuable contributions towards the upkeep of the cathedral.他几次慷慨捐资修葺大教堂。◆Contributions of cakes and other items for the cake sale can be left in the school office.为糕点义卖捐赠的糕点和其他物品可以放到学校办公室。◆We rely entirely on voluntary contribution.我们全靠自愿捐资。 see also contribute ⇨ give5NOTE辨析 Donation or contribution?Contribution places more emphasis on the money or thing given being part of a whole, to be added to other amounts or things that other people have given. Contributions are often expected or asked for; donations are seen more as voluntary gifts. * contribution更强调捐赠的财物为整体的一部分，和他人捐赠的财物合在一起。contribution常为预期会得到或请求别人作出的捐助，donation更多为自愿捐赠。■tip [countable] a small amount of extra money that you give to sb who has provided a service for you, for example in a restaurant小费（如在餐馆中给的）◆Are we supposed to leave a tip?我们要留小费吗？◆He gave the waiter a generous tip.他给了服务员很多小费。▸tip
verb
(-pp-) [transitive, intransitive] ◆Did you remember to tip the waiter?你记得给服务员小费了吗？◆Americans were always welcome because they tended to tip heavily.美国人总是很受欢迎，因为他们往往给很多小费。■gratuity /grəˈtjuːəti; NAmEgrəˈtuːəti/ [countable] (formal) a tip小费；赏钱◆Our employees may not accept gratuities.我们的员工不允许收小费。■handout /ˈhændaʊt/ / [countable] (oftendisapproving) money that is given to a person or organization by the government, for example to encourage commercial activity政府拨款（如为了促进商业活动而拨给个人或机构）◆The company is currently thriving thanks to a £70 000 government handout.受惠于政府7万英镑的拨款，这家公司目前正在蓬勃发展。ⓘ Handouts can also be given to people who are poor. * handout还可指派给穷人的捐赠品、救济品。 see also handout ⇨ aidnoun, hand sth out ⇨ distribute
leaflet
noun
leaflet ♦︎ brochure ♦︎ booklet ♦︎ pamphlet ♦︎ circular ♦︎ handout ♦︎ flyerThese are all words for a sheet of paper or thin book containing information about sth.这些词均表示广告传单、宣传小册子。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in a / the leaflet / brochure / booklet / pamphlet / circular / handout / flyer◆a free leaflet / brochure / booklet / pamphlet / handout◆a promotional / publicity leaflet / brochure / pamphlet◆to produce a leaflet / brochure / booklet / pamphlet / circular / handout / flyer◆to issue / publish a leaflet / brochure / booklet / pamphlet / circular◆to distribute a leaflet / brochure / booklet / pamphlet / circular / handout / flyer◆to give out leaflets / brochures / handouts / flyers◆to hand out leaflets / brochures / flyers◆a leaflet / brochure / booklet / pamphlet / circular explains sth◆a leaflet / brochure / flyer advertises sth■leaflet / /ˈlɪːflət/ / [countable] a printed sheet of paper or a few printed pages that are given free of charge to advertise or give information about sth散页印刷品；传单；（广告或宣传）小册子◆We picked up a few leaflets on local places of interest.我们拿了几本宣传当地名胜的小册子。 see also notice ⇨ poster■brochure / /ˈbrəʊʃə(r); NAmEbroʊˈʃʊr/ [countable] a small magazine or book containing pictures and information advertising goods or services that you can buy资料手册；广告手册◆a travel brochure旅游手册◆Send for your free colour brochure today!今天让人把你们的免费彩色宣传册送来！■booklet [countable] a thin book with a paper cover that contains information about sth or a set of tickets or vouchers for sth小册子；（票券或代币券）小本◆I had to refer to the instruction booklet.我得查阅说明书。◆a booklet of tickets / vouchers / coupons一小本票证／代币券／优惠券■pamphlet /ˈpæmflət/ / [countable] a very thin book with a paper cover, containing information about sth小册子；手册◆The government provides a pamphlet for all immigrants, outlining their rights.政府向所有移民派发了小册子，概括介绍了他们的各种权利。NOTE辨析 Booklet or pamphlet?Booklets can be thicker than pamphlets. Pamphlet is not used for a small book of tickets. Historically, a pamphlet could also contain opinions and arguments about sth, especially politics. * booklet可以比pamphlet厚一点。pamphlet不指票券小册子。在历史上，pamphlet还指阐述某种观点，尤其是政治观点的小册子◆He dismissed claims published in pamphlets that the King's powers had been usurped.他不理会小册子里散布的国王被篡权的说法。■circular [countable] a printed letter, notice or advertisement that is sent to a large number of people at the same time（广泛寄发的）印刷信函，通函◆The company will dispatch a circular to its shareholders giving details of the takeover.公司将会给股东发送一份信函，详细说明这次收购的情况。■handout / /ˈhændaʊt/ / [countable] a free document that gives information about an event or a matter of public interest, or that states the views of a political party, etc.传单◆The party's press handout was largely ignored by journalists.对于该党所印制的传单，新闻记者大都不予理睬。 see also hand sth out ⇨ distribute■flyer ( flier) [countable] a small sheet of paper that advertises a product or an event and is given to people, especially in the street（尤指在大街上散发的）小广告，传单◆We were asked to hand out flyers for the new club.我们被叫去派发新俱乐部的广告传单。NOTE辨析 Handout or flyer?A handout is usually produced by a large organization and given to journalists or to shops and businesses to give to customers. A flyer may be produced by a smaller business and is given to people in the street. * handout通常由某个大机构印制，发给新闻记者，或通过商店或企业散发给顾客；flyer可能由某个较小的企业印制并在街上散发。