item noun ⇨issue (an item on the agenda)⇨report2 (a news item)⇨thing2 (pay for each item separately)
issue
noun
➡ See also the entry for ⇨ subject另见subject条issue ♦︎ matter ♦︎ question ♦︎ concern ♦︎ itemThese are all words for sth that people are discussing or need to deal with.这些词均表示正在讨论的或有待处理的问题、事项。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an issue / a matter / a question / an item relating to / concerning sth◆on an issue / a matter / a question◆an important issue / matter / question / concern / item◆a vital / key / major / serious / general / complex issue / matter / question / concern◆a controversial / contentious / sensitive issue / matter / question / item◆a difficult / delicate issue / matter / question◆the basic / fundamental / underlying issue / question / concern◆a / an political / moral / technical / economic / ethical / practical issue / matter / question / concern◆to discuss / consider / deal with / tackle / raise an issue / a matter / a question / a concern / an item◆to examine / explore / focus on / address an issue / a matter / a question / a concern◆to debate an issue / a matter / a question / an item◆to look at / touch on / bring up / broach / debate / clarify / decide / settle an issue / a matter / a question◆an issue / a matter / a question arises■issue [countable] something important that people are discussing or arguing about重要议题；争论的问题◆The union plans to raise the issue of overtime.工会打算提出加班的问题。◆This is a big issue; we need more time to think about it.这是个重大问题，我们需要多花些时间考虑。◆She usually writes about environmental issues.她通常写环境方面的题材。◆You're just avoiding the issue.你只不过是在回避问题。◆Don't confuse the issue.不要把问题弄复杂。◆What you say is interesting, but it does not affect the point at issue here.你说的很有意思，但与现在讨论的问题无关。■matter [countable] something that you must discuss or deal with（须讨论或处理的）事情，问题◆It's a private matter.这是件私事。◆I always consulted him on matters of policy.我总是向他咨询一些政策方面的问题。◆The incident is definitely a matter for the police.这事肯定须由警方处理。◆That's a matter for you to take up with your boss.这个问题你得去和你的老板交涉。◆I don't have much experience in these matters.在这些事情上我没有多少经验。◆I wasn't prepared to let the matter drop(= stop discussing it).我没打算把这事搁下不提。ⓘ A matter [singular] is a situation that involves sth or depends on sth. * a matter意指“关乎⋯的事情”◆That's not a problem. It's simply a matter of letting people know in time.这没问题。不就是要及时告知大家么。◆She resigned over a matter of principle.她因为原则问题辞职了。◆Just as a matter of interest(= because it is interesting, not because it is important), how much did you pay for it?好奇问一下，你这是花多少钱买的？◆'I think this is the best so far.' 'Well, that's a matter of opinion(= other people may think differently).'“我认为这是迄今为止最好的。”“唔，见仁见智吧。”■question [countable] something that you need or want to consider or deal with（待考虑或处理的）问题，事情，议题◆Let's look at the question of security.咱们来看一下安保问题。◆This raises fundamental questions about the nature of our society.这提出了关于我们社会性质的根本性问题。◆Which route is better remains an open question(= it is not decided).哪条路线更好些，这是个悬而未决的问题。NOTE辨析 Matter or question?In many cases you can use either word. A matter is often sth practical that needs to be dealt with: people typically talk about, look at, discuss, debate, refer, pursue, deal with, handle, investigate, resolve or settle a matter. A question may also be practical, but is often sth more philosophical that is interesting to think about without actually coming to any conclusions: people typically think about, focus on, raise, address or ponder a question. However, all these collocates can be used with either word.在许多情况下这两个词可以通用。matter常指须处理的实际问题，通常与talk about、look at、discuss、debate、refer、pursue、deal with、handle、investigate、resolve或settle搭配。question也可指实际问题，但较常指哲学性问题，思考起来颇有意趣，实际上得不出任何结论，通常与think about、focus on、raise、address或ponder搭配。不过，所有这些词均可与这两个词搭配使用。■concern [countable] something that is important to a person, an organization or society（对某人、组织或社会）重要的事情◆What are your main concerns as a writer?身为作家，你主要关注的是哪些问题？◆The overriding concern of the organizers is the safety of the participants.组织者首要关注的是参与者的安全问题。◆Environmental concerns have been thrust to the head of the party agenda.该党已将环境问题推为头等大事。 see also consideration ⇨ factor■item [countable] one thing on a list of things to buy, do or talk about事项；项目◆What's the next item on the agenda?下一项议程是什么？◆Check the list carefully, item by item.逐项仔细核对一下清单。
report2
noun
commission a report on the health service委托撰写有关公共医疗服务的调查报告newspaper reports报纸的报道a progress/medical report进度／医疗报告unconfirmed reports of a shooting未经证实的枪击事件传言➡ See also the entry for ⇨ description另见description条report ♦︎ story ♦︎ account ♦︎ version ♦︎ commentary ♦︎ itemThese are all words for a written or spoken description of events.这些词均表示书面或口头的报道。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a report / a story / an item about sth◆a report / commentary on sth◆a report / a story / an account / a version / an item is based on sth◆a brief / short report / story / account / item◆a full report / story / account / version / commentary◆a true / false / conflicting report / story / account / version◆a news report / story / item◆the lead story / item in a newspaper◆to give a report / an account / your version / a commentary■report [countable] a written or spoken description of an event, especially one that is published or broadcast（书面或口头的，尤指出版或广播的）报道◆Are these newspaper reports true?报纸上这些报道属实吗？◆And now over to Jim Muir, for a report on the South African election.现在由吉姆•缪尔报道南非的选举情况。◆I've asked Jen for a full report of the meeting.我已请珍提供本次会议的完整报告。◆Police received reports of drug dealing in the area.警方接到该地区毒品交易的举报。 see also report ⇨ describeverb➡ See also the entry for ⇨ news另见news条■story [countable] a description, often spoken, of what happened to sb or of how sth happened; a report of events in a newspaper, magazine or news broadcast（常为口头的）描述；媒体报道◆The police didn't believe her story.警方不相信她对事情的描述。◆We must stick to our story about the accident.对事故的说法我们必须一口咬定，不能改口。◆I can't decide until I've heard both sides of the story(= two different people's account of the same event).我要听了双方的说法后才能作决定。◆the front-page / cover story头版报道；封面故事◆Now for a summary of the day's main stories.以下是今天主要新闻概要。◆He was covering the story(= reporting on the events) for the 'Glasgow Herald'.他当时在为《格拉斯哥先驱报》作报道。 see also story ⇨ story1■account [countable] a written or spoken description of sth that has happened（书面或口头的）描述，叙述，报道◆The diaries contained detailed accounts of the writer's experiences in China.日记详细记述了作者在中国的经历。◆I've never been there, but it's a lovely place by all accounts(= according to what people say).我从未去过那里，但据说是个美丽的地方。NOTE辨析 Report or account?A report is always of recent events, especially news. An account may be of recent or past events. * report总是关于最近发生的事件，尤其是新闻。account可能是关于最近或过去的事件。■version [countable] a description of an event from the point of view of a particular person or group of people（个人或群体从自身角度的）说法，描述◆She gave us her version of what had happened that day.她从自己的角度向我们描述了那天发生的事情。◆Their versions of how the accident happened conflict.他们对事故发生情况的说法相互矛盾。■commentary /ˈkɒməntri; NAmEˈkɑːmənteri/ [countable, uncountable] (especially BrE) a spoken description of an event that is given while it is happening, especially on the radio or television（尤指电台或电视台的）实况报道，现场解说◆a sports commentary on the radio电台广播的体育实况报道◆BBC1 will give a live commentary on the election results.英国广播公司第一台将对选举结果作现场报道。◆He kept up a running commentary on everyone who came in.他不断地对上场的每一名队员进行解说。ⓘ In American English people usually use other ways of expressing this idea, without using the word commentary.在美式英语中，人们常用其他方式表达这个意思，而不用commentary一词◆We'll be bringing you all the action live beginning at 8 o'clock.我们将在8点钟开始为您全程直播这次活动。◆We'll have all the play-by-play from the Superbowl.我们将实况报道所有美国“超级碗”橄榄球赛的比赛。However, running commentary is a common collocation in both British and American English.不过，running commentary（连续实况报道）在英式和美式英语中均为常用搭配。■item [countable] a single piece of news in a newspaper, on television, etc.一则，一条（媒体新闻）◆There was an item on the radio about women engineers.有一则关于女工程师的电台新闻。
thing2
noun
a lot of things to do有很多事情要做Pass me that thing.把那件东西递给我。your swimming things/all things Japanese游泳用品；所有日本的东西thing ♦︎ object ♦︎ whole ♦︎ item ♦︎ entity ♦︎ artefact ♦︎ commodity ♦︎ thingyThese are all words for sth which can be seen and touched, but is not alive and which you do not name.这些词均表示物品、东西。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a precious / valuable thing / object / item / artefact / commodity◆an expensive thing / item / artefact / commodity◆a rare thing / object / item / artefact / commodity◆a single thing / object / whole / item / entity◆a physical thing / object / item / entity◆a basic thing / object / item / entity / commodity◆a separate thing / object / item / entity◆everyday / household objects / items◆a historical object / item / artefact◆to produce / manufacture a thing / an object / an item / an artefact / a commodity■thing [countable] something whose name you do not use because you do not need to or want to, or because you do not know it; something that is not alive in the way that people and plants are东西；物件；物品◆Can you pass me that thing over there?把那边那个东西递给我好吗？◆She's very fond of sweet things(= sweet foods).她非常喜欢吃甜食。◆He's just bought one of those exercise things.他刚买了一件健身器材。◆Turn that thing off while I'm talking to you!我和你谈话时把那个玩意儿关掉！◆Don't treat her like that－she's a person, not a thing!别那样对待她，她是人，不是物品！◆He's good at making things with his hands.他善于手工制作物品。 see also stuff ⇨ material■object [countable] a thing that can be seen and touched, but is not alive物体；物品；东西◆He uses everyday objects to teach basic scientific principles to the kids.他用日常用品教孩子们基本的科学原理。◆Glass and plastic objects lined the shelves.架子上排列着玻璃和塑料制品。NOTE辨析 Thing or object?Thing is a much more general word than object. An object is usually a fairly solid thing, in three dimensions(= it is not flat), that is not going to get used up quickly: food, drink and sheets of paper are not objects, although sth made out of paper might be. Object is used especially when you do not know exactly what sth is, or when you are talking about a whole group of things that do not have enough in common to be called by a more particular word. * thing比object含义宽泛得多。object通常是相当稳固的、立体的，不会很快用完的东西。食品、饮料和纸张不是object，尽管有些纸制的东西可能是。object尤用于不知究竟为何物时，或谈论一整组没有太多共同点、不能用一个更具体的词指称的东西◆This looks a very unusual object. What is it exactly?这东西看起来很不寻常。它究竟是什么？◆Furniture and other household objects were piled up outside the house.家具及其他家居用品堆放在屋外。In this example, the objects could include lamps, cushions, a vacuum cleaner and other things from around the house that do not come under the term 'furniture'.上面例句中的objects可能包括灯、靠垫、吸尘器及房子里其他不属于家具的东西。■whole [countable] a thing that is complete in itself整个；整体◆Four quarters make a whole.四个四分之一构成一个整体。◆The subjects of the curriculum form a coherent whole.课程中的科目构成了一个有机的整体。◆The festival will be great for our city and for the country as a whole(= as one thing, not as separate parts or regions).这次庆典活动对我们城市乃至整个国家都将意义重大。■item [countable] a single thing, considered separately from other similar things一件商品（或物品）◆Can I pay for each item separately?我能否按件分别付钱？◆The computer was my largest single item of expenditure.电脑是我花钱最多的一件东西。◆This clock is a collector's item(= because it is rare and valuable).这座钟是珍藏。■entity / /ˈentəti/ / [countable] (formal) something that exists separately from other things and has its own identity独立存在物；实体◆The unit has become part of a larger department and no longer exists as a separate entity.这个单位已附属于一个更大的部门，不再作为一个实体独立存在。◆Each subsidiary of the company will be treated as a single entity.公司的每一个子公司将被视为单一实体。■artefact ( artifact, especially in NAmE) / /ˈɑːtɪfækt; NAmEˈɑːrtɪfækt/ [countable] (technical术语) an object that is made by a person, especially sth of historical or cultural interest（尤指有历史或文化价值的）人工制品，手工艺品◆The museum has a superb collection of ancient artefacts from Nubia.那座博物馆珍藏了一批古代努比亚手工艺精品。■commodity /kəˈmɒdəti; NAmEkəˈmɑːdəti/ [countable] (ratherformal) a thing that is useful or has a useful quality有用的东西；有使用价值之物◆Water is a precious commodity that is often taken for granted in the West.水很宝贵，但西方人往往意识不到这一点。■thingy /ˈθɪŋi/ / [countable] (informal, spoken) used to refer to a person or thing whose name you do not know or have forgotten, or which you do not want to mention（指不知道、忘记或不想提及其名的）某某，那个人，那东西◆This new multimedia thingy means you can research things a lot more easily.这个新的多媒体玩意儿意味着做研究可以容易多了。