| 例句 |
keep verb
⇨ keep 1 (Where do you keep the sugar?) ⇨ keep 2 (I've kept all her letters.) ⇨ keep 3 (keep a diary) ⇨ keep 4 (keep chickens/bees) ⇨ keep 5 (keep a promise) ⇨ continue 2 (Keep smiling!) ⇨ hold sb/sth up (What kept you?) ⇨ provide for sb (keep a family) ⇨ remain (keep warm) ⇨ reserve (keep sb a seat) ⇨ keep sth going ⇨ maintain 1 ⇨ keep going ⇨ persistkeep1 verb Where do you keep the sugar? 你把糖放哪儿了？I've kept all her letters. 我保留着她的所有来信。keep a diary 记日记keep chickens/bees 养鸡；养蜜蜂keep a promise/an appointment 遵守承诺；按时赴约continue2Keep smiling!hold sb/sth upYou're an hour late－what kept you?maintain1keep sth goingpersistkeep goingkeep ♦︎ store ♦︎ hoard ♦︎ stock up ♦︎ stash ♦︎ stockpileThese words all mean to put sth somewhere or get sth so that it can be used later. 这些词均表示存放或贮存。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to store / stash sth away◆to keep / store / hoard / stock up on / stockpile food (somewhere)◆to keep / store / stockpile weapons (somewhere)◆to keep / hoard / stash money (somewhere)■ keep (kept, kept) [transitive] to put sth in a particular place so that you can use it later, especially if you use it regularly （尤指为经常使用而）放，存放，贮存◆Keep your passport in a safe place.把你的护照放在安全的地方。◆Where do you keep the sugar?你把糖放哪儿了？◆The documents are all kept under lock and key (= locked up safely somewhere).文件都锁起来收好了。■ store [transitive] to put sth somewhere and keep it there, especially for a long time, to use later （尤指长时间地）储存，储藏，保存◆The squirrels are storing up food for the winter.松鼠正在储存过冬的食物。◆You can store coffee beans in the freezer to keep them fresh.你可以把咖啡豆放在冰箱里保鲜。◆He hoped the electronic equipment was safely stored away.他希望那些电子设备得到妥善保存。 see also store ⇨ supply noun ▸ storage noun [uncountable] ◆tables that fold flat for storage可折叠存放的桌子◆There's lots of storage space in the attic.阁楼上有很大的存放空间。■ hoard [transitive] to collect and keep large amounts of sth such as food or money, especially secretly （尤指秘密地）大量贮藏，囤积（食物、金钱等）◆The prisoners used to hoard scraps of food in secret places.过去囚犯常把残羹剩饭存放在隐秘的地方。 see also hoard ⇨ supply noun ■ ˌstock ˈup phrasal verb to buy a lot of sth so that you can use it later 贮备；备足◆We ought to stock up on film before our trip.我们应该在旅行前备足胶卷。◆I go shopping once a week to stock up with essentials.为了备足必需品，我每周购物一次。◆The store was full of families stocking up for Christmas.商店里挤满了采购圣诞商品的家庭。 see also stock ⇨ supply noun ■ stash [transitive] (rather informal) to store sth in a safe or secret place 存放，贮藏，隐藏（在安全或秘密的地方）◆She's probably got loads of cash stashed away.她很可能藏匿了大量现金。 see also stash ⇨ fund noun ■ stockpile /ˈstɒkpaɪl; NAmE ˈstɑːkpaɪl/ [transitive] to collect and keep a large supply of sth, especially arms, food or fuel 大量贮备（尤指武器、食物或燃料）◆Consumers began to stockpile fuel amid fears of a shortage.消费者因担心燃料紧缺而开始大量贮备。 see also stockpile ⇨ supply noun keep2 verb Where do you keep the sugar? 你把糖放哪儿了？I've kept all her letters. 我保留着她的所有来信。keep a diary 记日记keep chickens/bees 养鸡；养蜜蜂keep a promise/an appointment 遵守承诺；按时赴约continue2Keep smiling!hold sb/sth upYou're an hour late－what kept you?maintain1keep sth goingpersistkeep goingkeep ♦︎ retain ♦︎ hold on to sth ♦︎ saveThese words all mean to continue to have sth. 这些词均表示保留、保存。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to keep / retain control (of sth)◆to retain / hold on to your lead◆to still keep / retain / hold on to sth■ keep (kept, kept) [transitive] to continue to have sth and not give it back or throw it away 保留；保存；留着◆She handed me a ten dollar bill. 'Here－keep the change.'她递给我一张10元的钞票，说：“给，零头不用找了。”◆I've kept all her letters.我保留着她的所有来信。■ retain / /rɪˈteɪn/ / [transitive] (formal) to keep sth 保留；保存；留着◆Please retain your ticket stub during the event.赛事期间请保留入场券的票根。◆The house retains much of its original charm.房子保存了许多它原有的迷人风貌。◆She has retained her title (= won the competition again) for the third year.这是她第三年卫冕成功。NOTE 辨析 Keep or retain? Retain is formal and is used especially in official writing. It is not often used in spoken English. It sometimes suggests that the thing you keep will be necessary or useful in the future. Keep is a more general word and can be used in almost all situations. * retain是正式用词，尤用于公文，不常用于口语。该词有时暗示所保存之物将来会有用。keep更宽泛，几乎可用于所有场合。■ ˌhold ˈon to sth■ ˌhold ˈonto sth phrasal verb (held, held) [no passive] to keep sth that is an advantage for you; to not give or sell sth to sb else 保住（优势）；保留某物（不送人或不卖掉）◆You should hold on to your oil shares.你应该继续持有你的石油股票。◆She took an early lead in the race and held onto it for nine laps.赛跑一开始她便领先，并在头九圈一直保持领先。■ save [transitive] to keep sth to use or enjoy in the future 保留，保存（以备后用）◆He's saving his strength for the last part of the race.他在为最后阶段的比赛保存体力。◆We'll eat some now and save some for tomorrow.我们现在吃一些，留一些明天吃。 keep3 verb Where do you keep the sugar? 你把糖放哪儿了？I've kept all her letters. 我保留着她的所有来信。keep a diary 记日记keep chickens/bees 养鸡；养蜜蜂keep a promise/an appointment 遵守承诺；按时赴约continue2Keep smiling!hold sb/sth upYou're an hour late－what kept you?maintain1keep sth goingpersistkeep goingkeep ♦︎ hold ♦︎ store ♦︎ retainThese words all mean to continue to have or contain sth, especially information. 这些词均表示保存或存留，尤指保存信息。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to keep / hold / store / retain information / data◆to keep / hold a record / records◆to store / retain facts◆to hold / retain land / territory◆to still / no longer keep / hold / store / retain sth■ keep (kept, kept) [transitive] to write sth down as a record 记下；记录；记载◆She kept a diary for over twenty years.她记了二十多年的日记。◆Keep a note of where each item can be found.把每样物品的位置记录下来。◆Separate accounts must be kept for each different business activity.每一笔生意都要分别记账。■ hold (held, held) [transitive] to keep sth, especially documents or information, so that it can be used later 保存，存储（尤指文件或信息）◆Employees do not have access to personal records held on computer.雇员没有机会看到存储在计算机中的个人记录。◆Our solicitor holds our wills.我们的律师保存着我们的遗嘱。■ store [transitive] to keep information or facts in a computer or in your brain （在计算机里）存储；（在脑子里）记住◆Each department has a different system for storing and retrieving data.每个部门都有不同的数据存储与检索系统。◆We are conducting research into how information is stored in the brain.我们正在研究大脑是如何存储信息的。■ retain / /rɪˈteɪn/ / [transitive] (formal) to continue to hold or contain sth 保持；保留◆These plants will need a soil that retains moisture during the summer months.这些植物需要种在能在夏天里保持湿润的土壤里。◆This information is no longer retained within the computer's main memory.这一信息不再保存在计算机的主存储器中。 keep4 verb Where do you keep the sugar? 你把糖放哪儿了？I've kept all her letters. 我保留着她的所有来信。keep a diary 记日记keep chickens/bees 养鸡；养蜜蜂keep a promise/an appointment 遵守承诺；按时赴约continue2Keep smiling!hold sb/sth upYou're an hour late－what kept you?maintain1keep sth goingpersistkeep goingkeep ♦︎ breed ♦︎ rear ♦︎ raiseThese words all mean to own and care for animals. 这些词均表示饲养。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to keep / breed / rear sth for sth◆to keep / breed / rear / raise animals / cattle / horses / sheep◆to keep / breed / raise chickens◆to keep / breed / rear / raise sth in captivity■ keep (kept, kept) [transitive] to own and care for animals, especially at home or on a small scale （尤指在家中或小规模地）养，饲养◆Residents are not allowed to keep pets.禁止居民养宠物。◆to keep bees / goats养蜜蜂；养山羊■ breed (bred, bred) [transitive] to keep animals or plants in order to produce new young animals or plants in a controlled way 饲养，培育（新品种）◆Greyhounds were originally bred as hunting dogs.灵𤟥起初是被当作猎狗来饲养的。 see also breed ⇨ produce ■ rear /rɪə(r); NAmE rɪr/ [transitive] to breed or keep animals or birds, for example on a farm 饲养，养殖（动物或鸟）◆The young crocodiles were reared indoors at a constant temperature of 32°C.小鳄鱼在恒温32摄氏度的室内饲养。 see also rear ⇨ bring sb up ■ raise [transitive] to keep particular farm animals or grow particular crops in order to sell or make other use of them 饲养；培育；种植◆Farmers cleared the land in order to raise cattle.农民清理出土地来养牛。 see also raise ⇨ bring sb up NOTE 辨析 Rear or raise? Raise is more frequent than rear in American English. There is also a slight difference in emphasis: rear is often used when emphasizing information about the animals' treatment and living conditions; raise is often used when talking about an animal or crop as a product, for example in farming. 在美式英语中raise比rear更常用。这两个词的侧重点也有细微差别：强调对待动物的方式和动物的生存条件时常用rear，把动物或作物当作农业经营的产出来看待时则用raise。 keep5 verb Where do you keep the sugar? 你把糖放哪儿了？I've kept all her letters. 我保留着她的所有来信。keep a diary 记日记keep chickens/bees 养鸡；养蜜蜂keep a promise/an appointment 遵守承诺；按时赴约continue2Keep smiling!hold sb/sth upYou're an hour late－what kept you?maintain1keep sth goingpersistkeep goingkeep ♦︎ deliver ♦︎ honour ♦︎ carry sth out ♦︎ follow through ♦︎ stand by sthThese words all mean to do what you have promised to do. 这些词均表示遵守诺言。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to deliver / follow through / carry through on sth◆to keep / deliver on / honour / carry out / follow through on / stand by a promise◆to keep / honour / follow through on / stand by your word◆to keep to / honour / follow through on / stand by an agreement◆to keep to / carry out / follow through on / stand by a plan◆to carry out / follow through on a threat◆to honour / carry out / stand by a commitment■ keep (kept, kept) [transitive] to do what you have promised or agreed to do 遵守，信守，恪守（诺言）◆She kept her promise to visit them.她遵守诺言去看望了他们。◆He failed to keep his appointment at the clinic.他未能如约去诊所。◆If we all keep to the agreement there won't be any problems.只要我们都恪守协议，就不会出什么问题。OPP break ⇨ break 4 ■ deliver [intransitive, transitive] (rather informal, especially journalism 尤用于新闻 or business 商业) to do what you promised to do or what you are expected to do; to produce or provide what people expect you to 履行诺言；不负所望；兑现◆He has promised to finish the job by June and I am sure he will deliver.他答应6月底完成这项工作，我相信他会履行诺言。◆She always delivers on her promises.她总是信守诺言。◆If you can't deliver improved sales figures, you're fired.要是你不能兑现提高销售额的承诺，就会被解雇。◆The team delivered a stunning victory last night.昨晚这个队不负众望，大获全胜。ⓘ Deliver is usually used to talk about producing what is expected in business or sport. * deliver通常指经营业绩或体育成绩达到预期◆to deliver a (high-quality) service / product / range of benefits / left hook / victory提供（优质）服务／产品；不负众望取得一系列收益／打出一记左钩拳／取得胜利 ■ honour (BrE) (NAmE honor) [transitive] (formal) to do what you have promised or agreed to do 遵守，信守，恪守（承诺或协议）◆I have every intention of honouring our contract.我非常愿意履行我们的合约。◆She is determined to honour her husband's dying wish.她决心实现丈夫的遗愿。◆The bank refused to honour the cheque (= to pay it).银行拒绝承兑这张支票。NOTE 辨析 Keep or honour?You can keep or honour a promise, agreement or your word: in these collocations honour is much more formal than keep. You can also keep an appointment or engagement or honour sb's wishes. * keep和honour都可与promise、agreement或one's word搭配，但这些搭配中honour比keep正式得多。此外，keep还可与appointment或engagement搭配，honour则可与wish搭配◆He failed to honour his appointment. ◆She is determined to keep her husband's dying wish. ■ ˌcarry sth ˈout phrasal verb to do what you have said you will do or what you have decided to do 履行；实施；付诸行动◆He carried out his threat after being released from prison.他出狱后把威胁付诸行动。■ ˌfollow ˈthrough phrasal verb (NAmE, rather informal) to do what you have said you will do or what you have decided to do 履行；实施；付诸行动◆It's up to you to follow through with the plan.你有责任实施这个计划。◆You've vowed to stay in shape during your pregnancy－but will you follow through?你曾发誓要在怀孕期间保持体形－可你做得到吗？NOTE 辨析 Carry sth out or follow through?You can carry out or follow through on a promise or threat. Follow through is more informal, but is used mostly in American English. Carry sth out is used with a wider range of collocates, including plan, resolution, commitment, responsibility and engagement. You can also carry out what sb else has asked you to do. * carry out和follow through on都可与promise或threat搭配，但follow through不太正式，主要用于美式英语。carry sth out的搭配范围更广，搭配词有plan、resolution、commitment、responsibility和engagement。carry out也可指完成别人要求的事情。 see also carry sth out ⇨ follow 3 ■ ˈstand by sth phrasal verb (stood, stood)to still believe or agree with sth you said, decided or agreed earlier 仍然遵守诺言（或协议等）◆She still stands by every word she said.她依然恪守她说过的每一句话。ⓘ Other typical collocates of stand by sth are findings, opinion, decision and story. * stand by sth其他一些常见的搭配词有findings、opinion、decision和story。 continue2 verb The rain continued all day. 雨下了一整天。continue fighting 继续战斗the story continues 故事接续下去lead3The path continues down the hill.remaincontinue as managercontinue ♦︎ keep ♦︎ go on with sth/go on doing sth ♦︎ proceed ♦︎ pursue ♦︎ carry (sth) on ♦︎ keep sth up/keep up with sth ♦︎ press ahead/on ♦︎ stick with sb/sthThese words all mean to do sth without stopping over a period of time. 这些词均表示继续做、不停地进行。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to continue / keep on / go on / proceed / carry on / keep up / press ahead / stick with sth◆to continue / keep / go on / carry on / press ahead with doing sth◆to continue / go on / proceed / pursue / carry on / keep up / press ahead (with) the / your work◆to continue / go on with / pursue / carry on / keep up a conversation◆to continue / proceed / pursue / carry on / press ahead (with) plans◆to continue / proceed / pursue / press ahead (with) reforms◆to continue / pursue / carry on / keep up / press ahead / stick (with) a policy◆to proceed / pursue / press ahead (with) legislation◆to continue / proceed / pursue / carry on (with) an investigation◆to continue / pursue / carry on / keep up a relationship / tradition◆to continue / keep / go on / carry on fighting / working / talking / improving sth / believing / building sth◆to continue / go on / carry on regardless■ continue [transitive, intransitive] (rather formal) to not stop doing sth 继续做；不停地干◆She wanted to continue working after the baby was born.她想在孩子出生后继续工作。◆He continued to ignore everything I was saying.他依然对我说的一切置若罔闻。◆The board of enquiry is continuing its investigations.调查委员会在继续调查。◆Are you going to continue with the project?你要继续做这个项目吗？■ keep (kept, kept) [transitive, intransitive] (especially spoken) to continue doing sth; to do sth repeatedly 继续，重复（做某事）◆Keep smiling!保持笑容！◆I wish you wouldn't keep on interrupting me!我希望你别老跟我打岔！◆I want to keep on with part-time work for as long as possible.我希望做兼职工作能一直持续下去。ⓘ In spoken English keep doing sth is much more frequent than continue doing sth, which sounds rather formal. In this meaning keep is always followed by a verb in the -ing form; by on + a verb in the -ing form, or by on with sth. 在口语中，keep doing sth比continue doing sth常用得多，后者听起来相当正式。表达此义时，keep总是用于keep doing、keep on doing或keep on with sth等句型。■ ˌgo ˈon with sth■ go on doing sth phrasal verb (goes, went, gone)to continue an activity without stopping （不停顿地）继续做某事◆She shrugged and went on with her writing.她耸耸肩继续写下去。◆Neil nodded and went on eating.尼尔点点头，继续吃。■ proceed /prəˈsiːd; NAmE proʊˈsiːd/ [intransitive] (rather formal) to continue doing sth that has already been started; to continue being done 继续做（或从事、进行）◆We're not sure whether we still want to proceed with the sale.我们不确定是否还要继续降价促销。◆Work is proceeding slowly.工作进展缓慢。ⓘ You might proceed with work, plans, reforms, a transaction or an investigation; or a conversation, meeting, sale, transaction or trial might proceed (in a particular way). * proceed with后可接work、plan、reform、transaction或 investigation。proceed前的主语可以是conversation、meeting、sale、transaction或trial，后面可接方式状语。■ pursue /pəˈsjuː; NAmE pərˈsuː/ [transitive] (formal) to continue to discuss, find out about or be involved in sth 继续探讨（或追究、从事）◆We have no option but to pursue legal action.我们除了进行诉讼，别无选择。◆We have decided not to pursue the matter.我们决定不再追究此事。ⓘ Typical collocates of pursue are enquiry, investigation, lawsuit, line, matter, policy, quest and strategy. * pursue的常见搭配词有enquiry、investigation、lawsuit、line、matter、policy、quest和strategy。■ ˌcarry ˈon ■ ˌcarry sth ˈon phrasal verb (especially spoken) to continue doing sth 继续做；坚持干◆Carry on with your work while I'm away.我不在时你要继续干。◆After he left I just tried to carry on as normal (= do the things I usually do).他离开后，我就像往常一样继续努力干。◆He carried on peeling the potatoes.他不停地削土豆皮。■ ˌkeep sth ˈup■ ˌkeep ˈup with sth phrasal verb (kept, kept)to continue sth at the same, usually high, level; to continue to pay or do sth regularly 使保持在同一水平（通常指高水平）；继续支付；继续做◆The enemy kept up the bombardment day and night.敌人昼夜轰炸不停。◆Well done! Keep up the good work / Keep it up.干得好！继续好好干吧！◆If you do not keep up with the payments you could lose your home.如果不继续付款，你的住房就可能保不住。■ ˌpress aˈhead■ ˌpress ˈon phrasal verb to continue with an activity or journey in a determined way 坚决继续进行（某项活动）；坚决继续行程◆The company is pressing ahead with its plans for a new warehouse.这家公司正加紧推动建造新仓库的计划。◆'Shall we stay here for the night?' 'No, let's press on.'“我们今晚在这儿过一夜好吗？”“不，咱们继续走。”■ ˈstick with sb/sth phrasal verb [no passive] (informal) to continue with sth; to continue doing sth 持续；坚持◆They decided to stick with their original plan.他们决定继续执行原计划。◆Even if you find it hard at first, stick with it－it will get easier with practice.即使你发现开始有些难，坚持下去，会越做越容易的。ⓘ Stick with sb/sth is often used to talk about not changing or moving away from what you already know. * stick with sb/sth常用来指坚守原有已知的事物◆to stick with the old system / the original plan / what you know / what you already have / the status quo继续使用旧的系统；坚持原先的计划；固守已知的／已有的；维持现状 hold sb/sth up phrasal verb ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ block 1 另见block条第1义hold sb/sth up ♦︎ delay ♦︎ keep ♦︎ stall ♦︎ be/get bogged down ♦︎ retard ♦︎ set sb/sth back ♦︎ stunt ♦︎ detainThese words all mean to slow down the progress, movement or development of sb/sth. 这些词均表示延迟、阻碍。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be held up / delayed / stalled / set back by / for hours / days / months, etc.◆to hold up / delay / retard / stunt the development / growth of sth◆to delay / bog down / stall / retard a process◆to hold up / delay / retard the progress of sth◆to hold up / delay (a) flight / traffic / work◆to seriously hold up / delay / retard sth◆to be unavoidably delayed / detained■ ˌhold sb/sth ˈup phrasal verb (held, held)to slow down or prevent the movement or progress of sb/sth 延迟；阻碍◆The launch was held up for several hours by environmental protesters.因环保主义者进行抗议，新品发布会推迟了几个小时。◆An accident is holding up traffic.一场事故造成了交通阻塞。◆I'm holding everybody up－you go ahead without me.我耽误了大伙儿－你们先走吧，别管我了。▸ ˈhold-up noun [countable] ◆We should finish by tonight, barring hold-ups.倘若没有延误，我们应该今晚完工。◆What's the hold-up (= what is causing it)?遇到什么障碍了？■ delay [transitive, often passive] to make sb late or make them do sth more slowly; to make sth happen later than planned 延迟；延期；推迟◆Thousands of commuters were delayed for over an hour.数千名乘车上下班的人被耽搁了一个多小时。◆What could have delayed him?是什么让他耽搁了呢？◆These arguments will inevitably delay the start of construction.这些争论肯定将导致开工延期。◆The government is accused of using delaying tactics (= deliberately doing sth to delay a process, decision, etc.).政府被指责故意采取拖延战术。 see also delay ⇨ delay verb , delay ⇨ take your time ▸ delay noun [countable] ◆Commuters will face long delays on the roads today.通勤族今天要在路上耽搁很长时间了。◆We apologize for the delay in answering your letter.来信收悉，迟复为歉。■ keep (kept, kept) [transitive] (especially spoken) to make sb late when they are on their way somewhere, especially by making them stay in one place longer than they should 使耽搁，延误（尤指在路上）◆You're an hour late－what kept you?你晚了一个小时－什么事把你给耽搁了？◆I won't keep you long. I've just got a couple of quick questions.我不会耽误你很长时间，我就问几个简单的问题。◆I must go now. I've kept you from your dinner too long.我得走了，已经耽误太长时间，影响你吃晚饭了。■ stall [transitive, intransitive] to stop sth from happening until a later time; to stop making progress 暂缓；搁置；停顿◆They could stall the process further by asking for a judicial review.他们可以要求司法审查从而进一步拖延进程。◆There have been several attempts to revive the stalled peace plan.重新启动搁置的和平方案的尝试已有多次。◆Discussions have once again stalled.讨论再次停顿下来。■ be bogged down■ get bogged down phrase to be prevented from making progress or getting sth done, often because there are so many difficult but unimportant problems to deal with 被（琐事造成的困难）妨碍；受阻◆We mustn't get bogged down in details.我们可不能因纠缠于细节问题而误事。◆Try to avoid becoming bogged down with routine reporting procedures.尽量避免因为例行汇报程序而耽误正事。■ retard / /rɪˈtɑːd; NAmE rɪˈtɑːrd/ [transitive] (formal) to slow down the development or progress of sth 阻碍；减缓；使放慢速度◆The progression of the disease can be retarded by early surgery.在早期进行手术可以抑制病情的发展。◆The lack of a rail link retarded the town's development.缺乏铁路交通阻碍了这个城镇的发展。 OPP accelerate ⇨ accelerate ■ ˌset sb/sth ˈback phrasal verb (setting, set, set)to slow down the progress of sb/sth by a particular length of time 使推迟；耽误◆The bad weather set back the building schedule by several weeks.恶劣的天气使建筑施工延误了几个星期。◆Her recovery was going well, but this latest infection has really set her back.她本来恢复得很好，但是最近这次感染确实使病情反复了。 see also setback ⇨ blow noun ■ stunt [transitive] to prevent sb/sth from growing or developing properly 阻碍（生长）；妨碍（发展）；遏制◆The constant winds had stunted the growth of plants and bushes.因为经常刮风，花草和灌木没长好。◆His illness had not stunted his creativity.疾病没有扼杀他的创造力。■ detain /dɪˈteɪn/ / (formal) to delay sb or prevent them from going somewhere, usually by talking to them or keeping them busy （常因谈话或忙碌）使无法脱身，拖住，阻留◆I'm sorry－he'll be late; he's been detained at a meeting.对不起，他得晚点到，他有个会，脱不开身。 provide for sb phrasal verb ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ serve 2 另见serve条第2义provide for sb ♦︎ support ♦︎ keep ♦︎ maintainThese words all mean to give sb/sth everything necessary to live or exist. 这些词均表示提供生活或生存所需。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to provide for / support / keep / maintain a / your family / children / wife / husband◆to provide for / support / keep / maintain yourself◆to support / maintain sb financially■ proˈvide for sb phrasal verb to give sb the things that they need to live, such as food, money and clothing 提供生活所需（如衣食和钱）◆Local authorities must do more to provide for children in need.地方政府必须更加努力为贫困儿童提供基本的生活保障。◆He provided for her in his will.他在遗嘱中为她提供了基本生活费用。■ support [transitive] to provide for sb financially over a period of time; to provide the money or conditions necessary for sth to exist or continue 资助；扶养；赡养；维持◆Mark has two children to support from his first marriage.马克得扶养他第一次婚姻所生的两个孩子。◆He turned to crime to support his drug habit.他为了维持吸毒的恶习走上了犯罪的道路。◆The atmosphere of Mars could not support life.生物无法在火星的大气环境中生存。▸ support noun [uncountable] ◆She has no visible means of support (= no work or income).她没有明确的生计来源。■ keep (kept, kept) [transitive] (BrE) to provide for sb financially over a period of time 供养；养活◆He scarcely earns enough to keep himself and his family.他挣的钱几乎不能养活他自己和家人。◆ (disapproving) I need to work－I can't go on being a kept man (= supported financially by, for example, my wife).我要工作－我不能一直靠别人养活。ⓘ In American English keep is only used in this meaning in the phrase a kept man/woman. 在美式英语中，keep的这个词义仅限用于短语a kept man/woman。▸ keep noun [uncountable] ◆It's about time you got a job to earn your keep.你该找个工作挣钱养活自己了。■ maintain [transitive] (rather formal) to provide for sb financially over a period of time 供养；养活◆Her income was barely enough to maintain one child, let alone three.她挣的钱几乎不够养活一个孩子，更别说三个了。▸ maintenance / /ˈmeɪntənəns/ / noun [uncountable] (BrE, law 法律) ◆He has to pay maintenance to his ex-wife.他必须付给前妻生活费。NOTE 辨析 Which word?You can provide for sb on a continuous basis, or by making one large payment that will give them enough to live on in the future. If you keep, support or maintain sb you provide for them on a continuous basis over a period of time. Support emphasizes the help that you give to sb; keep sometimes puts more emphasis on the fact that sb is unable or unwilling to provide for themselves, and can be disapproving. * provide for sb可指长期提供生活费，也可指一次性大笔付齐将来的生活费用。keep、support和maintain指长期提供生活费。support强调给予他人帮助，keep有时较强调某人不能或不愿意自食其力，因此可能带有贬义◆I don't want to be a kept woman.我不想成为靠别人养活的女人。 Maintain is less frequent and more formal. * maintain较少用，且较正式。 remain verb remain ♦︎ keep ♦︎ stay ♦︎ last ♦︎ continue ♦︎ be left ♦︎ linger ♦︎ live ♦︎ standThese words all mean to still be in the same state or condition. 这些词均表示仍然是、保持。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to linger / live on◆to remain / keep / stay awake / calm / cheerful / cool / dry / fine / healthy / quiet / silent◆to remain / stay alert / alive / asleep / loyal / safe / the same / a secret / shut / sober / upright◆to keep / stay close / still / warm◆sb's memory remains / lingers / lives (on)■ remain [intransitive, transitive] (not usually used in the progressive tenses 通常不用于进行时) (formal) to be still in the same state or condition; to still exist or be present, especially after other parts have been removed or used; to still need to be done, said, or dealt with 仍然是；保持不变；剩下；仍需，尚待（去做、说或处理）◆For a long time he remained motionless.有很长时间，他一动也不动。◆Train fares are likely to remain unchanged.火车票价很可能会保持不变。◆It remains true that sport is about competing well, not winning.体育重在勇于竞争而非获胜，一向如此。◆In spite of their quarrel, they remain the best of friends.尽管有过争吵，他们仍是最好的朋友。◆Very little of the house remained after the fire.火灾之后，这栋房子所剩无几。◆There were only ten minutes remaining.只剩下十分钟了。◆Much remains to be done.还有很多事要做。◆I feel sorry for her, but the fact remains (that) she lied to us.我为她感到难过，可她对我们撒了谎，这仍是事实。◆It remains to be seen (= it will only be known later) whether you are right.你对不对还有待证实。◆There remained one significant problem.还有一个非常重要的问题。 see also remain ⇨ stay 1 ■ keep [intransitive, transitive] (kept, kept)to remain in the same condition or position; to make sb/sth do this （使）保持，处于◆We huddled together to keep warm.我们挤在一起取暖。◆The notice said 'Keep off (= Do not walk on) the grass'.牌子上写着“勿踏草地”。◆She kept the children amused for hours.她陪孩子们玩了好几个小时。◆He kept his coat on.他一直穿着大衣。◆Don't keep us in suspense－what happened next?别跟我们卖关子了，接下来发生了什么事儿？◆She had trouble keeping her balance.她保持平衡有困难。◆I'm very sorry to keep you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。■ stay [intransitive, transitive] to remain in the same state or condition 保持；继续是◆I can't stay awake any longer.我困得再也熬不住了。◆Inflation stayed below 4% last month.上月的通胀率保持在4%以下。◆The store stays open until late on Thursdays.这家商店每星期四都开到很晚。◆I don't know why they stay together (= remain married or in a relationship).我不知道他们为什么还在一起。◆We promised to stay friends for ever.我们约定永远做朋友。ⓘ Stay is less formal than remain in this meaning, and is the word used in everyday speech. It is often followed by adjectives with positive associations. 表达此义时，stay不如remain正式，是日常口语用词，常后接引起正面联想的形容词◆to stay awake / alive / afloat / cool / healthy / dry / sober / calm / sane / constant / faithful / alert保持清醒；仍然活着；保持浮在水面／凉爽／健康／干燥；没有喝醉；保持镇静／理智／不变／忠诚／警惕 see also stay ⇨ stay 1 ■ last [intransitive, transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to keep existing or functioning well 继续存在；持续起作用；持久◆This weather won't last.这种天气持续不了多久。◆He's making a big effort now, and I hope it lasts.现在他正加紧努力，我希望他能坚持下去。◆These shoes should last you till next year.你这双鞋应该能穿到明年。■ continue [intransitive] (rather formal, especially written) to remain in a particular job or position 留任；维持原状◆I want you to continue as project manager.我要你留任项目经理。◆She will continue in her present job until a replacement can be found.在找到接替人员之前，她将继续做她目前的工作。■ be left [transitive, passive] to remain to be used or sold 留下备用（或销售）◆Is there any coffee left?还有咖啡剩下吗？◆How many tickets do you have left?你还剩多少张票？◆ (figurative) They are fighting to save what is left of their business.他们极力挽救仅剩的业务。◆The only course of action left to me was to notify her employer.我唯一能做的就是通知她的雇主。■ linger / /ˈlɪŋgə(r)/ / [intransitive] (written) to continue to exist for longer than expected 继续存留；缓慢消失◆The faint smell of her perfume lingered in the room.房间里仍飘溢着她那淡淡的香水味。◆The civil war lingered on well into the 1930s.这次内战到20世纪30年代还拖了好几年。■ live [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) (especially written) to continue to exist or be remembered 继续存在；留存；被铭记◆She died ten years ago but her memory lives on.她十年前去世了，但她仍留在人们的记忆中。◆Her words have lived with me all my life.她的话我一辈子都铭记。ⓘ In this meaning live is often followed by an expression such as in my/our/their heart(s)/mind(s)/memory or an expression of time, especially one which refers to a very long period of time. 表达此义时，live常后接in my/our/their heart(s)/mind(s)/memory等短语，或后接时间短语，尤其是很长一段时间◆to live (on) for decades / many years / all my life / the rest of my life几十年／很多年／我一辈子／我的余生都会铭记 ■ stand (stood, stood) [intransitive] if an offer, a decision, etc. made earlier stands, it is still valid （提议、决定等）保持有效，维持不变◆My offer still stands.我的提议仍然算数。◆The world record stood for 20 years.那项世界纪录20年未被打破。 reserve verb reserve ♦︎ save ♦︎ keep ♦︎ holdThese words all mean to prevent sth from being used so that it can be used in the future by a particular person or for a particular reason. 这些词均表示保留、预留。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆reserve / save / keep sth for sb / sth◆reserve / save / keep / hold a seat / place for sb◆save / keep some food for sb■ reserve [transitive, usually passive] to prevent sth from being used so that it can be used in the future by a particular person 保留；预留◆These seats are reserved for special guests.这些座位是留给贵宾的。◆She got all the media attention usually reserved for celebrities.媒体把通常只给名人的关注全部给了她。◆I am pleased to inform you that a place has been reserved for you in this class.很高兴的告诉你，这个班已经给你预留了位置。ⓘ You can also reserve a seat, table, room, etc. for yourself by asking for it to be kept for you. * reserve还可以指预订座位、餐位、房间等。 see also reserve ⇨ order verb 2 ■ save [transitive] to reserve sth for sb else to use 保留；保存◆I've saved some food for you.我为你留了些吃的。◆I won't save you a seat if you're late.要是你迟到，我不会为你留座位的。■ keep (kept, kept) [transitive] (especially BrE) to save sth for sb （为某人）保留，留下◆I've kept two seats for us near the front.我已为我们留了两个前排座位。◆The man in the shop said he'd keep it for me until Friday.那个店员说他会替我留到周五。NOTE 辨析 Reserve, save or keep? Reserve is used especially when sth is officially saved for sb/sth: you might have a place reserved for you in a class, but you would not 'reserve some food for sb'. Save is more often used if sth is reserved for you unofficially, for example by a friend. Keep is similar to save and is used especially in British English. * reserve尤指正式保留，可表示在班上预留学习名额，但不表示为某人留食物。save常指非正式预留，如朋友代为预留。keep用法与save类似，尤用于英式英语。■ hold (held, held) [transitive] (formal) to keep a seat, place or room reserved for sb 保存，保留（预订）◆We can hold your reservation for three days.您的预订我们可以保留三天。 maintain1 verb maintain law and order 维持治安a beautifully maintained house 养护得很好的房子maintain ♦︎ preserve ♦︎ sustain ♦︎ extend ♦︎ prolong ♦︎ keep sth up ♦︎ keep sth going ♦︎ perpetuate ♦︎ prop sth upThese words all mean to make sth continue at the same level or standard. 这些词均表示维持、保持。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to maintain / preserve / sustain / keep up standards / a relationship◆to maintain / sustain / keep up levels / rates / morale / interest / growth / the momentum◆to keep the momentum going◆to maintain / preserve / sustain / perpetuate a system / myth◆to maintain / preserve / sustain a / an balance / illusion◆to maintain / preserve / keep up a tradition◆to keep a tradition going◆to maintain / sustain / keep up a pretence◆to maintain / preserve anonymity / confidentiality / order / the status quo / your heritage◆to maintain / preserve / sustain / extend / prolong (sb's) life◆to extend / prolong a visit / stay◆to still maintain sth / preserve sth / sustain sth / keep sth up / keep sth going / perpetuate sth / prop sth up◆to maintain / preserve / sustain / prolong sth / keep sth going indefinitely◆to maintain / extend / prolong sth deliberately■ maintain / /meɪnˈteɪn/ / [transitive] (rather formal) to make sth continue at the same level or standard 维持；保持◆Our principal task is to maintain law and order.我们的主要任务是维持治安。◆The two countries have always maintained close relations.这两个国家一直保持着密切关系。◆ (formal) She maintained a dignified silence.她保持沉默，以示尊严。■ preserve [transitive] (rather formal) to keep a particular quality or feature; to make sure that a quality or feature is kept 保护；维护；保留◆He was anxious to preserve his reputation.他急于维护自己的名声。◆Efforts to preserve the peace have failed.维护和平的努力失败了。◆She managed to preserve her sense of humour under very trying circumstances.她在艰难的环境下依然不失幽默感。■ sustain / /səˈsteɪn/ / [transitive] (rather formal) to make sth continue for some time at the same level 使保持；使稳定持续◆We are experiencing a period of sustained economic growth.我们正经历一段经济持续增长的时期。◆She had been the victim of a sustained attack.她曾遭受长时间的暴力袭击。◆She managed to sustain everyone's interest until the end of her speech.她使每个人兴趣盎然，一直听她把话讲完。▸ sustainable adjective ◆sustainable economic growth经济的可持续增长OPP unsustainable NOTE 辨析 Maintain or sustain?In some cases you can use either word. 在有些情况下这两个词可以通用◆to maintain / sustain a balance / a pretence / people's interest / life保持平衡；维持假象；使人们保持兴趣；维持生命 Maintain is used especially to talk about keeping sth at its usual level for an unlimited period of time. * maintain尤指使事物在不受限定的时间内保持惯常的水平◆They believe that the role of the state is to maintain the status quo, rather than to promote major economic and social change.他们认为国家的职能是保持现状，而不是促进经济和社会的重大变革。 Sustain is used more to talk about keeping sth at a higher than usual level for a long but not unlimited period. * sustain较多指使事物在很长但并非无限的时间内保持高于往常的水平◆How long can this level of growth be sustained?这种水平的增长能持续多久？ ■ extend [transitive] (rather formal) to make sth last longer 延长⋯的期限（或寿命）◆They've agreed to extend the deadline.他们同意延长截止期限。◆The show has been extended for another six weeks.展览会又延长了六周。◆Careful maintenance can extend the life of your car by several years.精心保养可使汽车寿命延长几年。 see also extended ⇨ long adj. ▸ extension noun [countable] ◆He's been granted an extension of the contract for another year.他的合同获得延期一年。■ prolong /prəˈlɒŋ; NAmE prəˈlɔːŋ, prəˈlɑːŋ/ [transitive] (rather formal) to make sth last longer 延长⋯的期限（或寿命）◆The operation could prolong his life by two or three years.这次手术可使他多活两三年。◆Don't prolong the agony (= of not knowing sth) －just tell us who won!别卖关子了－快说谁赢了！ see also prolonged ⇨ long adj. NOTE 辨析 Extend or prolong? Extend is used especially in business contexts. * extend尤用于商务语境◆to extend a deadline / an overdraft / a trip / a visa / a right / a mandate延长截止期限；提供透支；延长旅行／签证／权利／任期 Prolong is more often used to talk about making experiences last longer. * prolong较多指延长经历◆to prolong your stay / visit / life / survival / agony / misery延长逗留时间／访问／生命／生存时间／痛苦／不幸 ■ ˌkeep sth ˈup phrasal verb (kept, kept)to make sth stay at a high level; to continue to use or practise sth 使⋯保持在高水平；沿用；沿袭；保持◆The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices up.昂贵的原料费用使价格居高不下。◆They sang songs to keep their spirits up.他们唱歌以保持高昂的情绪。◆We try to keep up the old customs.我们尽量保持这些老习俗。◆Do you still keep up your Spanish?你还坚持说西班牙语吗？■ ˌkeep sth ˈgoing phrase (kept, kept) (rather informal, especially spoken) to make an effort to make a process, activity or tradition continue to happen or exist 使（进程、活动或传统）维持下去◆We have a chance of winning the championship as long as we can keep the momentum going (= keep playing at the same high level).我们只要能保持这个势头就有机会夺冠。■ perpetuate /pəˈpetʃueɪt; NAmE pərˈpetʃueɪt/ [transitive] (formal) to make sth such as a bad situation or a belief continue for a long time 使（恶劣局面或信念等）持久化（或持续）◆This new law just serves to perpetuate inequality.这项新法律只会持续造成不平等。◆This system perpetuated itself for several centuries.这一制度维持了几个世纪。◆Comics and books for children tend to perpetuate the myth that 'boys don't cry'.儿童连环画和图书往往在延续着“男儿有泪不轻弹”的固有观念。ⓘ Typical collocates of perpetuate are inequality, myth, stereotype and system. * perpetuate的常见搭配词有inequality、myth、stereotype和system。■ ˌprop sth ˈup phrasal verb (-pp-) (often disapproving, especially business 尤用于商业) to help sth that is having difficulties, when it might be better to let it fail and use your resources for sth else 帮助，扶持，救济（本该任其败落的事物）◆The government was accused of propping up declining industries.人们指责政府贴补日趋衰落的产业。ⓘ Prop sth up is used most often in financial contexts. * prop sth up最常用于金融语境◆to prop up the economy / exchange value of sterling / pound / dollar / stockmarket扶持经济；维持英镑／美元的汇兑价值；救助股市 persist verb persist ♦︎ keep going ♦︎ hang on ♦︎ persevere ♦︎ keep at sth ♦︎ struggle along/onThese words all mean to continue to do sth in spite of difficulties. 这些词均表示虽有困难仍坚持不放弃。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to persist / persevere with / in sth■ persist /pəˈsɪst; NAmE pərˈsɪst/ [intransitive, transitive] (rather formal) to continue trying to do or achieve sth in difficult circumstances, or in spite of opposition, in a way that can seem unreasonable （身处逆境或不顾反对）顽强地坚持，执著地做◆Why do you persist in blaming yourself for what happened?你何必为已发生的事没完没了地自责？◆He persisted with his questioning.他不停地发问。◆'So, did you agree or not?' he persisted.“那么，你同意了没有？”他追问不止。 see also persistence ⇨ determination , persistent ⇨ determined 2 ■ ˌkeep ˈgoing idiom (kept, kept) (especially spoken) to make an effort to live normally when you are in a difficult situation or when you have experienced great suffering; used to encourage sb to continue doing sth （身处困境或遭遇磨难时）尽力维持下去，坚持活下去；（用于鼓励）坚持下去◆You just have to keep yourself busy and keep going.你得让自己忙起来，尽量坚持下去。◆Keep going, Sarah, you're nearly there.坚持下去，萨拉，你快到了。■ ˌhang ˈon phrasal verb (hung, hung) (rather informal, especially journalism 尤用于新闻) to continue trying to do or achieve sth in difficult circumstances （在逆境中）坚持，不放弃◆The team hung on for victory.这个队为了胜利坚持不懈。■ persevere /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪə(r); NAmE ˌpɜːrsəˈvɪr/ [intransitive] (rather formal, approving) to continue trying to do or achieve sth in difficult circumstances （在逆境中）坚持，不放弃◆Despite a number of setbacks, they persevered in their attempts to fly around the world in a balloon.虽屡遭挫折，他们仍不断尝试乘气球环游世界。◆You have to persevere with difficult students.对难教的学生你必须坚持不懈。 see also perseverance ⇨ determination ■ ˌkeep ˈat sth phrasal verb (kept, kept) (rather informal, especially spoken) to continue trying to do or achieve sth; used to encourage sb to continue doing sth 坚持；不放弃；（用于鼓励）坚持下去◆Encouraged by his confidence in us, we kept at it.他对我们满怀信心，于是我们就咬牙坚持了下来。◆Come on, keep at it, you've nearly finished!快，要坚持，你马上就要完成了！■ ˌstruggle aˈlong■ ˌstruggle ˈon phrasal verb to continue in difficult circumstances 在困难中坚持；勉强坚持◆The business struggled along for some time.生意勉强维持了一段时间。◆Life is hard but we all have to struggle on.生活很艰难，但是我们都不能放弃。ⓘ Struggle along/on suggests a sense of tiredness and difficulty rather than great enthusiasm or a strong desire to achieve sth. * struggle along/on意为艰难、疲惫地勉强坚持，并非充满热情或强烈渴望地去争取。 |