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campaign noun campaign ♦︎ battle ♦︎ struggle ♦︎ drive ♦︎ war ♦︎ fight ♦︎ crusadeThese are all words for an effort made to achieve or prevent sth. 这些词均表示为达目的所作的奋斗或斗争。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a campaign / battle / struggle / drive / fight / crusade for sth◆a campaign / battle / struggle / drive / war / fight / crusade against sth◆a battle / struggle / war / fight between people◆a big / major campaign / battle / struggle / drive◆a successful campaign / battle / struggle / drive / fight◆a / an national / international campaign / battle / struggle / drive / crusade◆a personal / one-man / one-woman campaign / battle / struggle / war / crusade◆a bitter campaign / battle / struggle / fight◆a brave / desperate battle / struggle / fight◆a political campaign / battle / struggle◆to launch / embark on a campaign / battle / drive / crusade◆to lead / continue the campaign / battle / struggle / drive / war / fight / crusade◆to win / lose the battle / struggle / war / fight◆to give up the battle / struggle / fight◆The campaign / battle / war / fight is on.■ campaign / /kæmˈpeɪn/ / [countable] a series of planned activities that are intended to achieve a particular social, commercial or political aim （为社会、商业或政治目的而进行的）运动◆She led the campaign for parliamentary reform.她领导了要求改革议会的运动。◆We're launching an anti-smoking campaign in the New Year.我们会在新年发起反对吸烟的运动。◆The advertising campaign was responsible for the massive rise in sales.广告宣传活动是销售额大幅增长的原因。 see also campaigner ⇨ activist ■ battle [countable] a competition or argument between people or groups of people trying to win power or control 较量；争论；斗争◆She finally won the legal battle for compensation.她最终在这场要求赔偿的争讼中获胜。◆Looking after a two-year-old needn't be a constant battle of wills (= when each side is very determined to win).照顾两岁的孩子未必是一场持久的意志较量。◆He had been conducting a personal battle of wits (= when each side uses their ability to think quickly to try and win) with the sales manager since his first day at work.他从第一天上班开始就一直在和销售经理斗智。■ struggle [countable] a competition or argument between people or groups of people trying to win power or control 较量；争论；斗争◆He was a major player in the struggle for independence.在这场争取独立的斗争中，他是主角。◆It is an epic tale of the struggle between good and evil.这是一个关于善恶之争的史诗式故事。◆She will not give up her children without a struggle.她不会轻易放弃自己的孩子。 see also struggle ⇨ resist verb NOTE 辨析 Battle or struggle?In many cases you can use either word, but a struggle is always about things that seem absolutely necessary, such as life and death or freedom. A battle can also be about things that are not absolutely necessary, just desirable, or about the pleasure of winning. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用，但struggle总是指看起来绝对必要的斗争，如关于生死或自由。battle还可指非必要的斗争，如仅仅是为了满足欲求或获得胜利的满足感◆the battle / struggle between good and evil / man and nature善与恶／人与自然之争◆a legal struggle for compensation ◆a struggle of wills/wits ■ drive [countable] an organized effort by a group of people to achieve sth （团体为达到某种目的而进行的）有组织的努力，运动◆He played a crucial role in the drive for greater efficiency.他在提高效率的运动中扮演了关键角色。◆She is leading the recruitment drive.她在领导招募活动。NOTE 辨析 Campaign or drive?A campaign is usually aimed at getting other people to do sth; a drive may be an attempt by people to get themselves to do sth. * campaign通常是旨在发动别人参加的运动；drive则可能是让自己努力参与其中的运动◆From today, we're going on an economy drive (= we must spend less).从今天起，我们要开展节约运动。◆an economy campaign A campaign may be larger, more formal and more organized than a drive. * campaign可以指比drive更大规模、更正式和更有组织的活动。 ■ war [uncountable, singular] an effort over a long period of time to get rid of or stop sth bad （为消灭或阻止有害事物的）长期斗争，顽强抵御◆The government has declared war on drug dealers.政府已经向贩毒分子宣战。◆We seem to be winning the war against crime.我们在打击犯罪方面似乎已做出成绩。■ fight [singular] the work of trying to stop or prevent sth bad or achieve sth good; an act of competing, especially in a sport （抑恶或扬善的）斗争；（尤指体育）比赛，竞赛◆Workers won their fight to stop compulsory redundancies.工人赢得了阻止强制性裁员的斗争。◆The team put up a good fight (= they played well) but were finally beaten.这个队打得不错，但最后还是输了。■ crusade / /kruːˈseɪd/ / [countable] a long and determined effort to achieve sth that you believe to be right or to stop sth that you believe to be wrong （长期坚定不移的）斗争，运动◆We must continue the crusade against crime.我们必须继续打击犯罪。◆Her moral crusade began in 1963.她那提倡道德的运动始于1963年。◆He led a crusade to give terminally ill people the right to die.他领导了一场给予末期病人死亡权利的运动。 see also crusader ⇨ activist NOTE 辨析 War, fight or crusade?A war is about stopping things, like drugs and crime, that everyone agrees are bad. A fight can be about achieving justice for yourself. A crusade is often about persuading other people to share your beliefs about what is right and wrong. * war指对公认的丑恶现象进行的斗争，如毒品和犯罪。 fight 可指为自己争取公正而进行的斗争。crusade常指说服别人接受自己的是非观的运动。 |