| 例句 |
narrow adj.
⇨ narrow (narrow streets) ⇨ close (a narrow escape) ⇨ limited 1 (a narrow range)narrow verb
⇨ shrink narrow adjective narrow ♦︎ thin ♦︎ fineThese words all describe sth which measures a short distance from one side to the other. 这些词均表示狭窄的、窄小的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a narrow / thin / fine crack / strip◆narrow / thin shoulders◆(a) thin / fine hair / thread / layer◆very / extremely narrow / thin / fine◆quite narrow / thin■ narrow measuring a short distance from one side to the other, especially in relation to its length 狭窄的；窄小的◆I love walking down the narrow streets in the old city.我喜欢在老城狭窄的街道上散步。◆I sat next to him on the narrow bed.我紧挨着他坐在狭窄的床上。◆The jacket looked very large across his narrow shoulders.这件夹克衫穿在他窄小的肩头显得很大。◆There was only a narrow gap between the bed and the wall.床和墙之间只有一条窄缝。 OPP wide , broad ⇨ wide 2 see also narrow ⇨ shrink verb ■ thin having a smaller distance between opposite sides or surfaces than other similar objects or than normal 薄的；细的◆Cut the vegetables into thin strips.把蔬菜切成细丝。◆A number of thin cracks appeared in the wall.墙上出现了一些细裂缝。◆The body was hidden beneath a thin layer of soil.尸体被埋藏在薄薄的一层土下面。◆The wind blew cold through his thin shirt.风吹透他薄薄的衬衫，冷飕飕的。 OPP thick ⇨ wide 2 NOTE 辨析 Narrow or thin? Narrow describes sth that is a short distance from side to side. Thin describes sth that has a short distance through it from one side to the other. * narrow表示窄，thin表示细、薄◆narrow / thin shoulders / strips / cracks窄窄的／细细的肩膀；细条；细裂缝◆thin streets ◆a thin bed/gap ◆a narrow layer/shirt ■ fine very thin 纤细的；很细的◆His fine blond hair came down almost to his shoulders.他纤细的金发几乎垂至肩部。◆You could see the sweat in the fine hairs above his upper lip.可以看见他上唇上方纤细绒毛里的汗滴。◆Acupuncture uses fine needles inserted into the patient's skin.针刺疗法用细针扎进病人的皮肤里。◆I need a brush with a fine tip.我需要一支笔尖纤细的画笔。 close /kləʊs; NAmE kloʊs/ adjective close ♦︎ even ♦︎ near ♦︎ narrow ♦︎ level ♦︎ marginal ♦︎ hard-fought ♦︎ neck and neckThese words all describe a race or contest in which two people or teams are equal, or a situation in which sth nearly happens or does not happen. 这些词均表示比赛或竞赛实力接近的、势均力敌的，或情况几乎出现或没有出现。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达势均力敌的程度| close | ➔ | even | | near | | level | | narrow | | neck and neck | | marginal | | | | hard-fought | | |
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆level / neck and neck with sb◆a close / an even / a hard-fought contest◆a close / hard-fought battle / finish◆a narrow / hard-fought win / victory◆a narrow / marginal lead◆a close / narrow vote◆desperately close / hard-fought■ close (of a race or contest) won by only a small amount or distance; used to describe sth that nearly happens, usually a dangerous or unpleasant situation （速度比赛或竞赛）实力相近的，以微弱优势取胜的；（通常指危险或不好的事情几乎发生）差一点儿，险些◆It's a desperately close race－I can't quite see who is ahead.这真是一场势均力敌的比赛－我都分不太清楚谁在前面。◆The California election looks too close to call (= it is impossible to predict the result) as voters go to the polls.加州的选举在选民投票时很难预测结果。◆The invasion never happened but it was a close run thing (= it almost did).侵略始终没有发生，但是差一点就发生了。◆Phew! That was close－the motorbike nearly hit us.啊！好险！那辆摩托车差点儿就撞上我们了。■ even (of an amount) equal or the same for each person, team, place, etc.; (of two people or teams) equally balanced or of an equal standard （数量）相等的，均等的；（两人或两队）均衡的，水平相当的◆The scores were even at 2-2.分数是2比2平。◆The political goal was a more even distribution of wealth.政治目标是更平均地分配财富。◆The two players were pretty even.这两个选手不相上下。◆This seems to be a more even contest.这看来是一场更势均力敌的竞赛。OPP uneven ⓘ An uneven contest is one in which one group, team or player is much better than the other. * uneven形容比赛时指实力悬殊。■ near [only before noun] (no comparative or superlative 无比较级和最高级) being almost sth or almost happening 接近的；差不多的◆The election proved to be a near disaster for the party.这次选举对该党来说几乎是一场灾难。◆We won in the end but it was a near thing.我们最后获胜了，但是赢得很惊险。◆The climbers had already had one near miss (= almost had an accident) on the summit.这群登山者已经有过一次在山顶上差点出事的经历。■ narrow [usually before noun] only just achieved or avoided 勉强的；刚刚好的◆He blamed the goalkeeper for the narrow defeat against Ireland.被爱尔兰队险胜，他责怪起守门员来。◆She lost the race by the narrowest of margins.她以极小的差距在赛跑中落败了。◆She was elected by a narrow majority.她以微弱多数当选。◆He had a narrow escape (= nearly had a bad accident) when his car skidded on the ice.车在冰上打滑，他险些出事。■ level [not before noun] (especially BrE) (in sport) having the same score as sb （体育运动）得分相同◆A good second round brought him level with the tournament leader.他第二轮发挥良好，使他与锦标赛领先的选手得分持平。◆The clubs are level on points.各俱乐部得分相同。◆The score was level at 5 points each.比分是5比5平。◆France took an early lead but Wales soon drew level (= scored the same number of points).法国队开始领先，但很快威尔士队扳平了比分。■ marginal /ˈmɑːdʒɪnl; NAmE ˈmɑːrdʒɪnl/ [usually before noun] (especially BrE) (in politics) won or lost by a very small number of votes in the last election and therefore very important or interesting politically （议席或选区）边缘的，游离的（以微弱票数决定成败）◆Their campaign targeted marginal constituencies.他们的竞选活动针对边缘选区。◆They risk losing key marginal seats at the next election.他们有失去下次选举关键边缘席位的风险。OPP safe ⓘ In British politics a safe seat is a constituency where a particular party has a lot of support and is unlikely to be defeated in an election. 在英国政治中，safe seat指某政党稳操胜券的选区。■ ˌhard-ˈfought (of a contest or competition) that involves both sides fighting very hard to win （比赛）竞争激烈的◆It was a lively and hard-fought match.这是一场气氛热烈、竞争激烈的比赛。◆It was a hard-fought game.这是一场激烈的比赛。■ ˌneck and ˈneck idiom level with sb in a race or competition （速度比赛或竞赛中）势均力敌，不分上下，平手◆The cyclists were neck and neck as they approached the final lap.自行车运动员在接近最后一圈时战况激烈。◆He was running neck and neck with his Democrat rival.他和他的民主党竞争对手势均力敌。 limited1 adjective limited resources 有限的资源This offer is for a limited period only. 此次减价促销仅在限期内进行。 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ scarce 另见scarce条limited ♦︎ narrow ♦︎ restrictedThese words all describe sth that is not very great in amount or extent. 这些词均表示有限的、在一定范围内的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆limited / narrow / restricted in scope◆a limited / narrow / restricted range / scope / vocabulary◆a limited / narrow objective◆limited / narrow horizons◆the limited / narrow confines of sth◆a limited / restricted franchise■ limited not very great in amount or extent （数量或范围）有限的◆We are doing our best with the limited resources available.我们正利用可获得的有限资源做到最好。◆This animal's intelligence is very limited.这种动物的智力非常有限。◆These are issues that go beyond the limited confines of this book.这些问题超出了本书的范畴。ⓘ Limited is used especially to talk about how much of sth is available, or sb/sth's ability to do sth. * limited尤指某物的可用数量或某人／事物的能力范围◆limited resources / funds / supplies有限的资源／资金／供给◆a limited ability / capability / capacity / intelligence / intellect / knowledge / understanding有限的能力／才能／智力／知识／了解 OPP unlimited ⓘ Things are unlimited when you can have as much or as many of sth you like. * unlimited指无限多的、不受限制的◆The ticket gives you unlimited travel for seven days.凭本票七日内可不限次数自由乘车。◆You will be allowed unlimited access to the files.你可以无限制地查阅这些文件。 ■ narrow (usually disapproving) limited in variety or numbers; limited in a way that ignores important issues or the opinions of other people （种类或数目）有限的；范围小的；狭隘的；目光短浅的◆She only has a narrow circle of friends.她的交友圈子很窄。◆The exhibition is disappointingly narrow in scope.此次展览规模有限，令人失望。◆She has a very narrow view of the world.她对世界的认识非常狭隘。OPP wide , broad ⇨ wide 1 ■ restricted limited in amount or variety （数量或种类）有限的◆There is only a restricted range of goods available.可供的商品种类很有限。◆He has a severely restricted diet.他的饮食受到严格限制。 shrink verb shrink ♦︎ narrow ♦︎ contract ♦︎ shortenThese words all mean to become smaller or to be narrower at one end. 这些词均表示缩小、变短。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to shrink / narrow / contract / shorten (sth) to a particular size◆to shrink / narrow / contract / shorten (sth) by a particular amount◆a market / the economy shrinks / contracts◆shrink / narrow / contract (sth) slightly◆to shrink / narrow / shorten (sth) considerably◆to narrow / contract sharply■ shrink (shrank, shrunk or shrunk, shrunk) [intransitive, transitive] to become or make sth smaller in size or amount 缩小；收缩；减少◆The tumour had shrunk to the size of a pea.那肿瘤已收缩到豌豆大小。◆The market for their products is shrinking.市场对他们产品的需求在减少。◆Households have been shrinking in size but increasing in number.家庭的规模在缩小，可家庭的数量在增加。◆In some ways, the Internet has shrunk the world.从某种意义上说，互联网把世界给缩小了。ⓘ Shrink is the word to use when clothes or fabrics become smaller when they are washed in water that is too hot. 指衣服或布料洗涤时缩水用shrink◆My sweater shrank in the wash.我的毛衣洗涤时缩水了。 OPP grow ⇨ rise ▸ shrinkage / /ˈʃrɪŋkɪdʒ/ / noun [uncountable] ◆the shrinkage of heavy industry重工业的萎缩◆She bought a slightly larger size to allow for shrinkage.她买了一件尺码稍大的，以防缩水。■ narrow [intransitive, transitive] to become or make sth narrower 变窄；缩小；使变窄◆This is where the road narrows.这条路就是在这里变窄的。◆Her eyes narrowed (= almost closed) to slits.她的眼睛瞇成了两道缝。◆The gap between the two teams has narrowed to three points.两队之间的差距缩小到了三分。◆We need to narrow the health divide between rich and poor.我们需要缩小富人和穷人之间健康状况的差异。OPP widen , broaden ⇨ expand 1 see also narrow ⇨ narrow adj. ■ contract / /kənˈtrækt/ / [intransitive, transitive] (rather formal) to become or make sth smaller in size or amount 收缩；缩小；减少◆Glass contracts as it cools.玻璃遇冷会收缩。◆The electrical market is forecast to contract by 2% this year.预计今年的电器市场将萎缩2%。◆The heart muscles contract to expel the blood.心肌收缩以挤压出血液。◆'I will' and 'I shall' are usually contracted to 'I'll'(= made shorter).I will和I shall通常缩写为I'll。OPP expand ⇨ expand 1 ▸ contraction noun [uncountable] ◆the expansion and contraction of the metal金属的膨胀与收缩◆The sudden contraction of the markets left them with a lot of unwanted stock.市场的骤然收缩使他们剩下许多存货卖不出去。NOTE 辨析 Shrink or contract?Clothes and fabric shrink; other materials, such as glass and metal contract, especially as they become cooler. A market or the economy can shrink or contract, but contract is more formal. Muscles contract, and words can be contracted to their shorter forms. Most other things shrink. The opposite of shrink is grow; the opposite of contract is expand. 服装和布料缩水用shrink，其他材料（如玻璃和金属）因冷却而收缩用contract。主语是market或economy时用shrink或contract均可，但contract更正式些。肌肉收缩用contract，词语采用缩略式用be contracted to。大多数其他东西收缩用shrink。shrink的反义词是grow，contract的反义词是expand。■ shorten [transitive, intransitive] to make sth shorter; to become shorter 缩短；变短◆Injury problems could shorten his career.伤病可能会缩短他的职业生涯。◆They performed a shortened version of the play in just 40 minutes.他们上演了该剧的缩略版本，仅40分钟。◆Katherine generally shortens her name to Kay.凯瑟琳通常把自己的名字简称为凯。◆In November the temperature drops and the days shorten.11月气温下降，白天变短。OPP lengthen ⇨ expand 1 see also short ⇨ short 1 3 |