| 例句 |
negative adj.
⇨ negative (a negative attitude) ⇨ harmful (a negative effect) negative adjective negative ♦︎ bleak ♦︎ gloomy ♦︎ depressing ♦︎ dark ♦︎ pessimistic ♦︎ miserable ♦︎ downbeat ♦︎ blackThese words all describe a person or attitude without hope or enthusiasm for the future and expecting bad things to happen. 这些词均表示消极的、悲观的、令人沮丧的。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达令人沮丧的程度| downbeat | ➔ | negative | ➔ | miserable | | | bleak | | dark | | | gloomy | | black | | | depressing | | | | | pessimistic | | |
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆negative / pessimistic / miserable about sth◆a negative / bleak / gloomy / pessimistic outlook◆negative / gloomy / depressing / dark / black thoughts◆a negative / bleak / gloomy / pessimistic view◆a negative / gloomy / depressing / pessimistic conclusion◆a negative / gloomy / pessimistic report◆to paint a negative / bleak / gloomy / depressing / pessimistic picture (of sb / sth)◆to sound negative / gloomy / pessimistic / downbeat◆to look bleak / gloomy / pessimistic / black◆very negative / bleak / gloomy / depressing / dark / pessimistic / miserable / black◆extremely negative / bleak / depressing / dark / pessimistic◆rather negative / bleak / gloomy / depressing / pessimistic / miserable■ negative thinking only about what is bad in a situation; without hope or enthusiasm 消极的；负面的；缺乏热情的◆He's been rather negative about the idea.他对这个想法一直没什么热情。◆Scientists have a fairly negative attitude to the theory.科学家对这个理论的态度是相当消极的。◆We try to pinpoint the cause of any negative feelings.我们尽量准确地说明导致任何负面情绪的原因。◆'He probably won't show up.' 'Don't be so negative.'“他很可能不会露面。”“别那么泄气嘛。”OPP positive ⇨ optimistic , positive ⇨ good 6 see also negative ⇨ harmful ■ bleak / /bliːk/ / (of a situation) without much hope of success or improvement in the future （状况）不乐观的，无望的，暗淡的◆The future looks bleak for the fishing industry.渔业前景暗淡。◆The report paints an unnecessarily bleak picture of the town.报告把这个镇子描绘得过于惨淡。▸ bleakly adverb ◆'There seems no hope,' she said bleakly.“好像没希望了。”她黯然地说。■ gloomy (of an attitude or situation) without much hope of success or improvement in the future （态度或状况）不乐观的，无望的，暗淡的◆The committee's view was in fact far from gloomy.委员会的看法事实上一点也不悲观。◆We're quietly confident despite the gloomy predictions.尽管预测并不乐观，我们心里还是很自信。 see also gloom ⇨ gloom NOTE 辨析 Bleak or gloomy?In many cases you can use either word. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用◆Suddenly, the future didn't look so bleak / gloomy after all.突然感到前途似乎并非如此暗淡。◆to paint a bleak / gloomy picture of the situation把情况描绘得很不乐观However, bleak is used especially to describe a situation or the future. 不过，bleak尤用于描述某一状况或前景◆The future / outlook is / looks bleak.前景暗淡。 Gloomy can be used in this way too, but it is more often used to describe sb's view of the situation or future. * gloomy亦有此种用法，但较常用于描述某人对状况或前景的看法(view)◆a gloomy forecast / prognosis悲观的预测◆gloomy predictions / prospects / thoughts悲观的预测／展望／想法 ■ depressing (of a situation) making you feel very sad and without enthusiasm （状况）令人抑郁的，令人沮丧的，令人消沉的◆Looking for a job these days can be very depressing.如今求职会令人非常沮丧。◆He found the whole visit a depressing experience.他觉得整个访问是个令人沮丧的经历。OPP uplifting ⇨ moving see also depress ⇨ discourage 2 , depressed ⇨ depressed , depression ⇨ gloom ▸ depressingly adverb ◆a depressingly familiar experience令人感到腻烦的经历■ dark (of an attitude or time) unpleasant and without offering any hope that sth good will happen （态度）忧郁的；（时代）无望的◆The film is a dark vision of the future.这部影片呈现了一幅暗淡无光的未来图景。◆The theatre stayed open even in the darkest days of the war.这家剧院即使在战争中最黑暗的日子里仍然开门营业。■ pessimistic / /ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk/ / expecting bad things to happen or sth not to be successful 悲观的；悲观主义的◆They appeared surprisingly pessimistic about their chances of winning.他们对取胜的可能性显得出奇地悲观。◆He seems to take a rather pessimistic view of human nature.他似乎对人性持相当悲观的看法。OPP optimistic ⇨ optimistic ▸ pessimism noun [uncountable] ◆a mood of pessimism悲观的情绪OPP optimism ⇨ hope noun 1 ■ miserable / /ˈmɪzrəbl/ / (of a situation) making you feel very unhappy or uncomfortable （状况）使难受的，使不舒服的，令人不快的◆I spent a miserable weekend alone at home.我独自一人在家度过了一个惨兮兮的周末。◆What a miserable day (= cold and wet)!又冷又湿，多么难受的一天啊！◆The play was a miserable failure.这部剧是个可悲的失败。 see also misery ⇨ distress ▸ miserably adverb ◆He failed miserably as an actor.作为演员，他极其失败。NOTE 辨析 Depressing or miserable? Depressing is used especially to show feelings of sympathy for other people's problems or the bad state of the world in general; miserable usually describes your unhappy feelings about your own situation. * depressing尤指他人的困难或世界总体上的糟糕状况令人同情，miserable通常指自身处境令自己不满◆The report on the state of water pollution paints a depressing picture.关于水污染情况的报告描绘了一幅令人沮丧的景象。◆The report on the state of water pollution paints a miserable picture. ◆My school days were thoroughly miserable.我上学时的日子过得惨极了。◆My school days were thoroughly depressing. ■ downbeat / /ˈdaʊnbiːt/ / (rather informal) (of an attitude) dull or depressing; not hopeful about the future （态度）沉闷的，令人沮丧的；悲观的◆The overall mood of the meeting was downbeat.会议气氛总体上是沉闷的。◆Their assessment of the UK's economic prospects is downbeat.他们对英国经济前景的看法是悲观的。 OPP upbeat ⇨ optimistic ■ black (rather informal) without hope; very depressing 无希望的；令人沮丧的◆The future looks pretty black, I'm afraid.前景看来恐怕很暗淡。◆It's been another black day for the north-east with the announcement of further job losses.东北部又经历了一个黑色的日子，当地公布的失业人数再度上升。 harmful adjective harmful ♦︎ destructive ♦︎ negative ♦︎ damaging ♦︎ bad ♦︎ ill ♦︎ detrimental ♦︎ perniciousThese are all words for things that are likely to cause harm or damage to sth. 这些词均表示有害的、会造成损害的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆harmful / destructive / damaging / detrimental to sb / sth◆harmful / damaging / bad for sb◆a harmful / destructive / negative / damaging / bad / detrimental / pernicious effect◆ill effects◆a harmful / destructive / negative / damaging / bad / pernicious influence◆harmful / destructive / negative / damaging / detrimental / pernicious consequences◆harmful / negative / damaging / bad publicity◆very / extremely harmful / destructive / negative / damaging / bad / detrimental◆potentially harmful / destructive / damaging / detrimental◆positively harmful / damaging / detrimental◆highly destructive / damaging / detrimental◆environmentally / socially harmful / destructive / damaging / detrimental■ harmful (rather formal) causing damage or injury to sb/sth, especially to a person's health or to the environment （尤指对健康或环境）有害的，导致损害的◆The harmful effects of alcohol are well established.酒精的害处已有定论。◆Keep food chilled to prevent the spread of harmful bacteria.将食物冷藏以防有害细菌的繁殖。◆pesticides that are harmful to the environment对环境有害的杀虫剂OPP harmless ⇨ safe 2 see also harm ⇨ damage noun , harm ⇨ damage verb ■ destructive (rather formal) causing physical destruction, or physical or emotional damage 毁灭性的；伤害身体（或感情）的◆The war demonstrated the destructive power of modern weapons.这次战争显示了现代武器的毁灭性力量。◆People have to learn how to handle destructive emotions like anger.人得学会控制愤怒等有害情绪。■ negative causing damage to a relationship, to a business or a country's economy, or to a person's health or happiness （对关系、企业、国家经济或健康幸福）有害的，有损的◆The crisis had a negative effect on trade.这场危机对贸易产生了很坏的影响。◆The whole experience was definitely more positive than negative.整个体验当然是利大于弊。ⓘ Negative is used especially to describe the effect, impact, influence, consequences or side effects of sth. * negative尤与effect、impact、influence、consequences或side effects搭配。 OPP positive ⇨ valuable 2 see also negative ⇨ negative ■ damaging causing damage to sb's health, happiness or reputation, or to the environment （对健康、幸福、声誉或环境）有害的，损害的，造成破坏的◆A strike would hit public services and be politically damaging for the government.罢工会重创公共服务业，而且政治上对政府不利。◆Lead is potentially damaging to children's health.铅对儿童健康有潜在危害。 see also damage ⇨ damage noun , damage ⇨ damage verb NOTE 辨析 Harmful or damaging?Things that are harmful hurt the environment or people's health. Things that are damaging can also hurt the environment or health, but more often they hurt people's social or economic welfare (= how much money they have and how comfortable their position in society is), or sb/sth's reputation (= the opinion people have of them). * harmful和damaging都可指对环境或健康有害，但damaging更多指给人们的社会或经济利益带来破坏，或对声誉有损。■ bad (rather informal, especially spoken) causing or likely to cause damage to sb's health, business, character or reputation （对健康、生意、性格或声誉）有害的，产生损害的◆Sugary drinks are bad for your teeth.含糖饮料对牙齿有害。◆Weather like this is bad for business.这样的天气不利于做生意。◆That girl's a bad influence on Tom.那个女孩带坏了汤姆。◆Sunbeds have received a lot of bad publicity in recent years. Are they safe?近年来有许多关于日光浴床的负面报道，这种床安全吗？ⓘ In this meaning bad is used in the phrase bad for sb/sth and with the collocates influence, publicity and effect. 表达此义时，bad用于短语bad for sb/sth，或与influence、publicity和effect等词搭配。 OPP good ⇨ valuable 2 ■ ill [only before noun] (rather formal) causing or meaning to cause damage to sb's health, comfort or reputation （对健康、舒适或声誉）不好的，有害的，不良的◆He resigned because of ill health.他因健康欠佳而辞职。◆She suffered no ill effects from the experience.这次经历没有使她受到不良影响。◆ (formal) I bear you no ill will (= do not wish any harm to come to you), but I am simply not in a position to help you.我不希望你有事，只是我帮不了你。ⓘ In this meaning ill is used especially with the collocates health, effects, treatment, will and repute. 表达此义时，ill尤与health、effects、treatment、will和repute等词搭配。■ detrimental / /ˌdetrɪˈmentl/ / (formal) causing damage to the environment, or sb's health or welfare; blocking people's attempts to do sth good （对环境、健康或幸福）有害的，不利的；有碍的◆Emissions from the factory are widely suspected of having a detrimental effect on health.人们普遍怀疑工厂的排放物对健康不利。◆The policy will be detrimental to the peace process.这项政策将不利于和平进程。ⓘ Detrimental is nearly always used in the phrases detrimental effect/effects or detrimental to sb/sth. * detrimental几乎总用于短语detrimental effect/effects或detrimental to sb/sth。 OPP beneficial ⇨ valuable 2 see also detriment ⇨ damage noun ■ pernicious /pəˈnɪʃəs; NAmE pərˈnɪʃəs/ (formal) having a very harmful effect on society or morals, especially in a way that is gradual and not easily noticed （尤指潜移默化地对社会或道德）有害的，有恶劣影响的◆They discussed the pernicious influence of TV violence on children.他们讨论了电视暴力对儿童潜移默化的坏影响。◆Ageism is just as offensive and pernicious as sexism.年龄歧视和性别歧视一样引人反感，并且影响恶劣。 |