| 例句 |
disorder noun
⇨ disease (a blood disorder) ⇨ mess 1 (a state of disorder) ⇨ trouble 1 (public disorder) disease noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ illness 另见illness条disease ♦︎ illness ♦︎ disorder ♦︎ infection ♦︎ condition ♦︎ ailment ♦︎ bug ♦︎ complaint ♦︎ virus ♦︎ sicknessThese are all words for a medical problem. 这些词均表示疾病。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a serious / chronic disease / illness / disorder / infection / condition / ailment◆a minor disease / illness / disorder / infection / ailment◆a common / rare disease / illness / disorder / infection / condition / ailment / virus◆an infectious disease / illness / condition / virus◆a childhood disease / illness / disorder / infection / ailment◆to have / suffer from a disease / an illness / a disorder / an infection / a condition / an ailment / a bug / a complaint / a virus / sickness◆to cause a disease / an illness / a disorder / an infection / a condition / an ailment / sickness◆to catch / contract / get / pick up a disease / an illness / an infection / a bug / a virus◆to diagnose / treat a disease / an illness / a disorder / an infection / a condition / an ailment / a virus◆to cure a disease / an illness / a disorder / an infection / a condition / an ailment◆to recover from a disease / an illness / a disorder / an infection / a bug / a virus / a sickness◆to die from / of a disease / an illness / a disorder / an infection / a condition / a bug / a virus◆a disease / an illness / an infection / a virus / a sickness spreads■ disease [countable, uncountable] a medical problem affecting humans, animals or plants, often caused by infection （人类或动植物因感染而引起的）病，疾病◆He suffers from a rare blood disease.他患有一种罕见的血液病。◆The problem was finally diagnosed as heart disease.那个毛病最终诊断为心脏病。◆Measures have been taken to prevent the spread of disease.已经采取了措施预防疾病的传播。■ illness [countable] a medical problem, or a period of suffering from one 病；疾病；患病期◆Have you suffered from any serious illnesses in the past six months?在过去的六个月里你患过什么严重的疾病吗？◆He died after a long illness.他久病不愈而亡。 see also ill ⇨ sick 1 NOTE 辨析 Disease or illness? Disease is used to talk about more severe physical medical problems, especially those that affect the organs. Illness is used to talk about both more severe and more minor medical problems, and those that affect mental health. * disease指较为严重的身体疾病，尤指身体器官的病变；illness既可指较严重的疾病，也可指较轻微的疾病以及精神上的疾病◆heart / kidney / liver disease心脏病；肾病；肝病◆heart/kidney/liver illness ◆mental illness精神病◆mental disease Disease is not used about a period of illness. * disease不指患病期◆He died after a long disease. Illness also means 'the state of being ill'. * illness还可指生病的状态。 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ illness 另见illness条 ■ disorder [countable, uncountable] (rather formal) an illness that causes a part of the body to stop functioning correctly 失调；紊乱；不适◆This is a rare disorder of the liver.这是一种罕见的肝功能紊乱。◆Most people with acute mental disorder can be treated at home.大多数患急性精神紊乱的病人可以在家里接受治疗。ⓘ A disorder is usually not infectious. Disorder is used most frequently with words relating to mental problems. * disorder通常不具传染性，该词最常与有关精神疾病的词连用◆a / an psychiatric / personality / mental / depressive / eating disorder精神错乱；人格障碍；精神紊乱；抑郁症；进食失调When it is used to talk about physical problems, it is used most often with blood, bowel and kidney, and these are commonly serious, severe or rare. * disorder指身体疾病时最常与blood、bowel和kidney连用，而这些身体疾病多与serious、severe或rare搭配。 ■ infection [countable] an illness that is caused by bacteria or a virus and that affects one part of the body 传染病；（身体某部位的）感染◆He's been off work with a throat infection.他因咽喉感染而歇班。◆Sneezing is the most common way of spreading an infection.打喷嚏是传染疾病的最常见途径。 see also infect ⇨ pass sth on ■ condition [countable] (rather formal) a medical problem that you have for a long time because it is not possible to cure it （因无法治愈而长期患有的）疾病◆Does your child have any kind of medical condition that we should know about?你的孩子患有我们应该知晓的长期疾病吗？◆He suffers from a serious heart condition.他患有严重的心脏病。■ ailment [countable] (rather formal) an illness that is not very serious 轻微疾病；微恙◆Below is a list of common childhood ailments.下面是一份儿童期常见轻微病症的清单。■ bug [countable] (informal) an infectious illness that is usually fairly mild 轻微传染病；小病◆There's a stomach bug going round (= people are catching it from each other).现在流行一种肠胃传染病。■ complaint [countable] (rather formal) an illness, especially one that is not serious, and often one that affects a particular part of the body （尤指不严重，常影响身体某部位的）疾病◆He suffers from a skin complaint called 'rosacea'.他患有一种叫红斑痤疮的皮肤病。■ virus / /ˈvaɪrəs/ / [countable] (informal) a disease caused by a virus (= a living thing, too small to be seen without a microscope, that causes infectious disease) 病毒性疾病；病毒病◆There's a virus going around the office.办公室里流行一种病毒性疾病。ⓘ A more formal way of talking about a virus in this meaning is viral infection. 病毒性疾病更为正式的表达方式是viral infection（病毒性感染）。■ sickness [uncountable, countable, usually singular] (in compounds 构成复合词) a particular type of illness or disease ⋯病；⋯症◆Do you need any travel sickness tablets?你需要晕车药片吗？ⓘ Words that form compounds with sickness include altitude, morning, mountain, radiation and travel. 与sickness构成复合词的词有altitude、morning、mountain、radiation和travel。 mess1 noun The room was in a mess. 房间杂乱不堪。The economy is in a mess. 经济陷入了困境。mess ♦︎ clutter ♦︎ jumble ♦︎ disorder ♦︎ muddleThese are all words you can use when a place or group of things is very untidy. 这些词均表示杂乱、混乱、乱七八糟。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a mess / clutter / jumble / muddle of sth◆to be in a mess / a jumble / disorder / a muddle◆(a) complete mess / jumble / disorder◆to be a mess / jumble / muddle◆a bit of a mess / jumble■ mess [countable, usually singular] (sometimes disapproving) an untidy state in which things have been left in the wrong place or spread around 杂乱；不整洁◆The room was in a mess.房间杂乱不堪。◆Sorry, this place is a bit of a mess.对不起，这儿有点儿乱。◆The kids made a mess in the bathroom.孩子们把浴室搞得一塌糊涂。◆'What a mess!' she said, surveying the scene after the party.看着聚会后的情景，她说：“真是一片狼藉！”◆My hair's a real mess!我的头发太乱了！ see also messy ⇨ dirty , messy ⇨ untidy ▸ ˌmess sth ˈup phrasal verb ◆I don't want you messing up my nice clean kitchen.我不想让你弄脏我整洁的厨房。■ clutter [uncountable, singular] (rather informal, disapproving) a lot of things that make a place look untidy, especially when they are not needed or are not being used 杂乱的东西（尤指不需要或无用的）◆There's always so much clutter on your desk!你桌子上总有那么多乱七八糟的东西！◆There was a clutter of bottles, glasses and ashtrays on the table.桌子上胡乱地堆满了瓶子、玻璃杯和烟灰缸。ⓘ Clutter is sth that people often talk about trying to remove. Common collocates of clutter include avoid, get rid of, shed, free sth from and clear sth of. * clutter指人们经常说要扔掉的东西，常见的搭配词有avoid、get rid of、shed、free sth from和clear sth of。 see also cluttered ⇨ untidy ▸ clutter verb [transitive] ◆Don't clutter the page with too many diagrams.别用太多的图表来堆砌版面。◆I don't want all these boxes cluttering up the place.我不想看到那么多盒子乱堆在这个地方。■ jumble [singular] a lot of different things mixed together without any order and in an untidy way 杂乱的一堆；混乱的一团◆The room was a jumble of books, toys and sports equipment.房间里胡乱地堆放着书籍、玩具和运动器械。 see also jumble ⇨ jumble verb , jumbled ⇨ untidy NOTE 辨析 Clutter or jumble? Clutter is a more disapproving term than jumble, which is more simply descriptive. * clutter较jumble贬义更重，jumble仅仅是描述性的。■ disorder [uncountable] (rather formal) a situation in which a place is untidy because there is no order in the way things are arranged 杂乱；混乱；凌乱◆The room was in a state of disorder.房间凌乱不堪。◆He loves tidying up, making order out of disorder.他喜欢整理东西，把杂乱无章的地方拾掇得井井有条。OPP order ⇨ efficiency see also disordered ⇨ untidy ■ muddle [countable, usually singular, uncountable] a state of confusion in which things are put together without any order and in an untidy way, so that it is difficult to find what you want 混乱；乱七八糟◆My papers are all in a muddle.我的文件混乱不堪。◆My desk was the usual muddle of books, files and papers.我的桌子上像往常一样胡乱地堆满了书籍、卷宗和文件。 trouble1 noun A few drunks were causing trouble. 几个醉鬼在闹事。get/run into trouble 陷入困境trouble ♦︎ unrest ♦︎ disturbance ♦︎ disorder ♦︎ anarchy ♦︎ agitationThese are all words for a situation involving violent behaviour and/or protests. 这些词均表示骚乱、骚动、动乱。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆trouble / unrest / disturbances / disorder / agitation among sb◆serious trouble / unrest / disturbances / disorder◆public / political unrest / disturbances / disorder / agitation◆violent / civil / urban / social unrest / disturbances / disorder◆to cause trouble / unrest / a disturbance◆to lead to unrest / a disturbance / disorder / anarchy◆to quell the unrest / disturbance / disorder◆trouble / unrest / a disturbance / disorder occurs■ trouble [uncountable] a situation in which people are violent and likely to fight 纷争；动乱；骚乱◆As the bars closed the town was full of youths looking for trouble.酒吧关门后，城里到处都是寻衅滋事的年轻人。◆The police were expecting trouble after the game.警方预料比赛后会有骚乱。◆Troops were stationed nearby in case of crowd trouble.部队驻扎在附近，以防群众闹事。■ unrest / /ʌnˈrest/ / [uncountable] (rather formal) a political situation in which people are angry and likely to protest or fight （政治局势）动荡，动乱，骚动◆There was growing unrest among the city's ethnic minorities.这个城市的少数族裔出现日益动荡的势头。■ disturbance [countable, uncountable] (rather formal) a situation in which people behave violently in a public place 骚乱；骚动；动乱◆News of the arrests provoked serious disturbances in the streets.逮捕的消息引起了严重的街头骚乱。◆The army is trained to deal with riots and civil disturbance.军队受过应对暴动和内乱的训练。■ disorder [uncountable] (rather formal) a situation in which large groups of people behave violently in a public place （大规模）骚乱，动乱◆The food crisis led to outbreaks of rioting and public disorder.粮食危机引发了暴乱和公众骚乱。OPP order ⇨ peace see also disorderly ⇨ wild 1 ■ anarchy / /ˈænəki; NAmE ˈænərki/ [uncountable] a situation in a country or place in which there is no government, order or control 无政府状态；混乱；无法无天◆Our nation is descending into anarchy.我们国家正陷入无政府状态。ⓘ A country can descend into, slide into, fall into or plunge into anarchy. 表示国家陷入无政府状态可以说descend into/slide into/fall into/plunge into anarchy。■ agitation /ˌædʒɪˈteɪʃn/ / [uncountable, countable] (rather formal) public protest in order to achieve political change （要求政治变革的）骚动，煽动，鼓动◆There has been widespread agitation for social reform.发生了要求社会改革的大范围骚动。◆His political opponents have threatened to launch a mass agitation against the agreement.他的政治对手威胁要发动反对该协定的大规模骚乱。 see also agitate ⇨ campaign verb |