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affinity noun
⇨ bond (a deep affinity with nature) ⇨ similarity (a close affinity between Italian and Spanish) bond noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ relationship 1 另见relationship条第1义bond ♦︎ rapport ♦︎ empathy ♦︎ affinityThese are all words for a close connection, friendship or understanding between people or groups. 这些词均表示人际间的紧密联系、亲善、理解。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a bond / a rapport / empathy / an affinity between A and B◆a rapport / empathy / an affinity with sb / sth◆empathy / an affinity for / towards sb / sth◆a close bond / rapport / affinity◆(a) great rapport / empathy / affinity◆(a) real bond / rapport / empathy / affinity◆(a) natural bond / empathy / affinity◆a special bond / rapport / affinity◆to feel / have a bond / a rapport / empathy / an affinity◆to develop a bond / a rapport / empathy■ bond [countable] something that forms a connection between people or groups, such as a feeling of friendship or shared ideas and experiences 纽带；联系；默契◆A bond of friendship had been forged between them.他们俩曾经结交成为朋友。◆The agreement strengthened the bonds between the two countries.该协定加强了两国间的联系。◆the special bond between mother and child母子间的独特关系▸ bond verb [intransitive] ◆Mothers who are depressed sometimes fail to bond with their children.患忧郁症的母亲有时无法和孩子建立亲子关系。■ rapport / /ræˈpɔː(r)/ / [singular, uncountable] a friendly relationship in which people like and understand each other 亲善；融洽；和谐◆Honesty is essential if there is to be a good rapport between patient and therapist.以诚为本，病人和治疗师才能建立默契。◆There was little rapport between the two women.这两个女人不和。NOTE 辨析 Bond or rapport? Rapport is more commonly used to describe a personal relationship between individuals; bond is more general and describes relationships between countries and groups as well. A rapport is based on understanding and liking each other; a bond can exist because of many different things, for example a shared interest, a family relationship, or financial reasons. If people or groups share a bond, they have a connection that is difficult to break and that affects the way they behave. It is stronger and more important than a rapport. A bond may be forged over a period of time; a rapport may need to be established but you can also have an instant rapport with sb, that just happens without effort. * rapport较常用于描述个体之间的私人关系；bond较笼统，还用于描述国家间、群体间的关系。rapport基于互相理解和喜欢；bond可以因许多不同的原因而产生，如共同的兴趣、家庭关系、经济联系等。bond所指的人际间的联系很难切断，而且这种联系会影响人们的行为方式。bond比rapport更牢固、更重要。bond可能经过一段时间才能形成，常与动词forge搭配；rapport可能需要逐渐建立，常与动词establish搭配，但也有可能无须努力便自然而然地产生，即所谓的“一见如故”(to have an instant rapport with sb)。■ empathy / /ˈempəθi/ / [uncountable, singular] the ability to understand another person's feelings or experience 同感；共鸣；同情◆the writer's imaginative empathy with his subject作者把想象中的感情投入到笔下的人物◆She shows a lack of empathy for other people's situations.她显得对其他人的处境缺乏同情。ⓘ You feel empathy for sb because you are able to imagine what it is like to be that person and to share their feelings. It is sometimes confused with sympathy. * empathy指能够想象他人的处境且能感受他们的心情，有时会跟sympathy混淆◆Both authors have the skill to make you feel empathy with their heroines (= you understand and share their feelings).两位作者都有技巧让人对其女主角产生共鸣。◆I have great sympathy for the flood victims (= I feel very sorry for them).我对洪灾受害者抱有极大的同情。 see also sympathy ⇨ sympathy , empathize ⇨ understand 2 ■ affinity / /əˈfɪnəti/ / [singular] (formal) a strong feeling that you understand and like sb/sth 喜好；喜爱◆Sam was born in the country and had a deep affinity with nature.萨姆在乡下出生，特别喜爱大自然。◆Humans have a special affinity for dolphins.人类格外喜爱海豚。 similarity noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ comparison 另见comparison条similarity ♦︎ resemblance ♦︎ uniformity ♦︎ equivalence ♦︎ likeness ♦︎ parallel ♦︎ affinity ♦︎ correspondence ♦︎ there's no comparisonThese are all words for the state of being similar or the same. 这些词均表示相似或相同。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a similarity / a resemblance / an equivalence / a likeness / a parallel / an affinity / a correspondence / no comparison between A and B◆a similarity / a resemblance / an equivalence / a likeness / a parallel to sth◆similarity / uniformity / equivalence / a parallel in sth◆a similarity / equivalence / a parallel / an affinity / a correspondence / no comparison with sth◆a close similarity / resemblance / likeness / parallel / affinity / correspondence◆a strong similarity / resemblance / likeness / parallel / affinity◆(a) remarkable similarity / resemblance / uniformity / parallel / affinity / correspondence◆(a) great similarity / resemblance / uniformity / affinity◆broad similarity / uniformity / equivalence◆a direct equivalence / parallel / correspondence◆a superficial / physical similarity / resemblance / likeness◆to bear a similarity / a resemblance / a likeness / an affinity / no comparison◆to have similarities / uniformity / a parallel / an affinity / a correspondence◆to show a similarity / a resemblance / uniformity / a likeness / an affinity / a correspondence◆to see a similarity / resemblance / likeness / parallel■ similarity / /ˌsɪməˈlærəti/ / [uncountable, countable] the state of being like sb/sth but not exactly the same; a feature that things or people have that makes them like each other 相像（处）；相似（点）；类似（的地方）◆There is some similarity in the way they sing.他们的演唱风格有点儿像。◆They are both doctors but that is where the similarity ends.他们俩都是医生，但他们的相似之处仅此而已。◆We carried out a study of the similarities and differences between the two countries.我们对这两个国家的异同进行过研究。OPP difference ⇨ difference see also similar ⇨ like prep. adj. ■ resemblance / /rɪˈzembləns/ / [countable, uncountable] (rather formal) the fact of looking or being similar to sb/sth 相似；相像◆The resemblance between the two signatures was remarkable.这两个签名的相似度非常高。◆She bears a striking resemblance to the Queen.她长得和女王非常相似。◆The movie bears little resemblance to the original novel.这部影片与原著相去甚远。ⓘ Resemblance is most often used to talk about appearance. * resemblance最常指外表相像。 see also resemble ⇨ look like sb/sth ■ uniformity / /ˌjuːnɪˈfɔːməti/ / [uncountable, singular] (rather formal) the state of everything being the same in all parts at all times 一致；一律；统一◆They tried to ensure uniformity across the different departments.他们设法保证各部门之间的统一。◆The drab uniformity of the houses depressed me.这些房子千篇一律，让我感到腻烦。 see also uniform ⇨ equal adj. ■ equivalence / /ɪˈkwɪvələns/ / [uncountable, countable] (formal) the quality of being equal in value, amount, meaning or importance （价值、数量、含义或重要性）相等，相同◆There is no straightforward equivalence between economic progress and social well-being.经济进步与社会福祉之间绝非简单等同。 see also equivalent ⇨ equivalent noun , equivalent ⇨ equivalent adj. ■ likeness [countable, uncountable] the fact of looking similar to sb/sth 相像；相似◆There's a superficial likeness, but they're really very different.它们表面上有相似之处，其实很不一样。◆I can't see any likeness between her children.我看不出她的孩子们哪儿长得像。 see also like ⇨ like prep. adj. NOTE 辨析 Resemblance or likeness? Resemblance is a much more frequent and general word. Likeness is mostly used to talk about physical appearance, especially comparing members of the same family; typical collocates include physical and family. A likeness is also a painting or drawing of a person, especially one that looks very like them. * resemblance常用得多且含义广泛。likeness主要指长相或样子相像，特别是与家庭成员比较而言，常见搭配词有physical和family。likeness还可指某人的肖像或画像，尤指画得很像的◆The drawing is said to be a good likeness of the girl's attacker.据说那幅画像画得很像袭击女孩的歹徒真人。 ■ parallel [countable, usually plural] (rather formal) a similar feature 相似特征；相似特点◆There are interesting parallels between the 1960s and the first decade of this century.20世纪60年代与本世纪开头的10年存在着有趣的相似之处。◆It is possible to draw a parallel between (= find similar features in) their experience and ours.在他们的经历和我们的经历之间可以找到相似之处。 see also parallel ⇨ equivalent noun ■ affinity / /əˈfɪnəti/ / [uncountable, countable] (formal) a close relationship between two people or things that have similar qualities, structures or features （两个相似的人或事物的）密切关系，类同◆There is a close affinity between Italian and Spanish.意大利语和西班牙语关系密切。■ correspondence /ˌkɒrəˈspɒndəns; NAmE ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndəns, ˌkɑːrəˈspɒndəns/ [countable, uncountable] (rather formal) a connection between two things; the fact of two things being similar 相关；相似◆There is a close correspondence between the two extracts.这两段摘录如出一辙。ⓘ In this meaning, correspondence is used especially in the phrases a/an close/direct/exact/one-to-one correspondence between A and B. 表达此义时，correspondence尤用于短语a/an close/direct/exact/one-to-one correspondence between A and B（A和B之间密切相关／直接相关／完全相符／一一对应）。 see also correspond ⇨ match 1 , corresponding ⇨ equivalent adj. ■ there's no comˈparison idiom used to emphasize the difference between two people or things that are being compared （强调差别之大）无法相比，不能相提并论◆In terms of price there's no comparison (= one thing is much more expensive than the other).在价格方面无法相比。◆The education system bears no comparison with that in many Eastern European countries (= it is not as good).这种教育制度根本不能与许多东欧国家的教育制度相提并论。 |