power noun ⇨power (air/bargaining power)⇨ability (the power of speech)⇨control (seize power)⇨country1 (a world power)⇨effect (the power of the media)⇨energy1 (nuclear/solar power)⇨force (physical power)⇨right (the power of veto)⇨be in power⇨ruleverb1
power
noun
power ♦︎ influence ♦︎ weight ♦︎ leverage ♦︎ sayThese are all words for the ability that sb has to influence what people do or the way sth happens.这些词均表示影响力、支配力。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sb's influence / leverage over sb◆great power / influence / weight / leverage◆considerable / political power / influence / weight / leverage◆economic / financial power / weight / leverage◆to have power / influence / leverage / a say◆to use / exercise (your) power / influence / leverage◆to exert (your) power / influence / leverage (over sb)■power [uncountable] (used in compounds用于复合词) strength in a particular area of activity（某方面的）力量，影响，实力◆The country's dominance was assured by its technological and military power.该国的技术和军事实力确保了它的主导地位。◆Increased trade union bargaining power led to higher wage settlements.工会讨价还价的能力提高了，导致协议工资上涨。◆Those aged over 55 now have a purchasing power of more than £30 billion annually(= they have that amount available to spend).现在年龄在55岁以上的人年购买力高于300亿英镑。■influence [uncountable] the ability of sb/sth to make sb/sth behave in a particular way支配力；控制力；影响力◆Her parents no longer have any real influence over her.她的父母对她不再有任何真正的影响力。◆She could probably exert her influence with the manager and get you a job.她或许能对经理施展她的影响力，给你弄份工作。◆Drug cartels wielded enormous influence in the city.药品企业联盟在这个城市拥有巨大的影响力。■weight [uncountable] the importance given to sb/sth and their ability to influence sb/sth重要性；影响力◆Your opinion carries weight with the boss.你的意见老板会重视。◆Environmental considerations were given due weight in making the decision.在决策过程中，环境问题得到了应有的重视。◆The president now has to lend his weight to the project.总统现在只能表示支持这个项目。■leverage /ˈliːvərɪdʒ; NAmEˈlevərɪdʒ/ [uncountable] (formal) the ability of sb to influence sb/sth, especially because of their position（尤指因地位而获得的）影响力◆Retailers can exert leverage over producers by threatening to take their business elsewhere.零售商可以用另谋厂家来威胁生产商，向他们施加压力。■say [uncountable, singular] the right or opportunity to influence sth by giving your opinion before a decision is made决定权；发言权◆We had no say in the decision to sell the company.在出售公司这件事上，我们没有发言权。◆The judge has the final say on the sentence.法官对判决有最后的决定权。◆She won't be happy until she's had her say(= had the opportunity to express herself fully about sth).她要把话都说出来才痛快。
ability
noun
ability ♦︎ capability ♦︎ capacity ♦︎ powerThese are all words for the fact that sb is able to do sth, or the qualities necessary to do sth.这些词均表示能力、才能。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a capability / capacity for sth◆the ability / capability / capacity / power to do sth◆beyond / within your ability / capability / capacity / power◆(a / an) great / remarkable / extraordinary / amazing ability / capacity / powers◆natural / physical / intellectual / mental / limited ability / capability / capacity / powers◆to have / develop / acquire / lack / lose the ability / capability / capacity / power◆to demonstrate / show your ability / capability / capacity / power◆to restrict sb's ability / capability / capacity / power■ability [singular, uncountable] the fact that sb/sth is able to do sth能力◆The system has the ability to run more than one program at the same time.这个系统能同时运行两个或两个以上程序。◆Everyone has the right to good medical care regardless of their ability to pay.无论支付能力如何，人人都有权得到良好的医疗保健服务。◆I try to do the job to the best of my ability(= as well as I can).我尽全力做好这份工作。OPPinabilityⓘ Inability [singular, uncountable] is the fact of not being able to do sth. * inability表示无能或无力◆the government's inability to provide basic services政府在提供基本服务方面的无能◆Some families go without medical treatment because of their inability to pay.有些家庭无力支付医疗费用，生了病也得不到医治。▸able
adjective
◆You must be able to speak French for this job.干这份工作你得会说法语。◆A viral illness left her barely able to walk.一场病毒引起的疾病使她几乎不能走路。OPPunable to do sthⓘ not able is also used.也用not able◆He lay there, unable to move.他躺在那儿，动弹不得。◆Unfortunately they weren't able to come.可惜的是，他们来不了。■capability / /ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti/ / [uncountable, countable] (ratherformal) the ability or qualities necessary to do sth能力；才能◆Animals in the zoo have lost the capability of catching food for themselves.动物园的动物已经丧失自己捕食的能力。◆Age affects the range of a person's capabilities.年龄影响一个人能力的大小。ⓘ Capability is often used to talk about how able a company or country is to produce sth. * capability常指公司或国家的生产能力◆a company / country's manufacturing / production / processing / defence / weapons / nuclear capability公司或国家的制造／生产／加工能力；国家的防御／军械／核力量▸capable
adjective
◆You are capable of better work than this.你有能力做得比这更好。◆I'm perfectly capable of doing it myself, thank you.谢谢，我完全有能力自己做。■capacity / /kəˈpæsəti/ / [countable, usually singular] (ratherformal) the ability to understand or do sth（领悟或办事）能力◆She has an enormous capacity for hard work.她特别能吃苦耐劳。◆A habit becomes an addiction when it reduces your capacity to enjoy life.习惯使人难以享受生活的乐趣时，就成了一种瘾。ⓘ Capacity is often used to talk about social, educational and work-related life skills. * capacity常指社交技巧、学习能力和工作技能◆a capacity for hard work / humour / enjoying life / learning languages / love / reflective thinking吃苦耐劳的能力；有幽默感；会享受生活；有语言天赋；敢爱敢恨；反思能力■power [uncountable] ( powers [plural]) a particular ability of the body or mind; all the abilities of your body or mind（身体或心智的）某种能力；（全部）体力，智力◆He had lost the power of speech.他丧失了言语的能力。◆The drug may affect your powers of concentration.这种药可能会影响你的注意力集中。◆At 26, he is at the height of his powers and ranked fourth in the world.26岁时，他处于巅峰状态，排名世界第四。ⓘ Sb's power [uncountable] is also their ability or opportunity to do sth, used especially in the phrases (not) within sb's power, beyond sb's power and do everything within your power. * power还表示能力或机会，尤用于(not) within sb's power、beyond sb's power和do everything within your power等短语中◆It is not within my power(= I am unable) to help you.我是爱莫能助啊。◆I will do everything in my power to help you.我将尽全力帮助你。
control
noun
control ♦︎ power ♦︎ rule ♦︎ authority ♦︎ jurisdiction ♦︎ discipline ♦︎ command ♦︎ hold ♦︎ grasp ♦︎ forceThese are all words for the ability that a person or group has to control sb/sth else.这些词均表示控制力、操纵力。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆control / power / rule / authority / jurisdiction / command / a hold over sb / sth◆a hold / grasp on sb / sth◆to be in control / power / authority / command / force◆to be under sb's control / rule / authority / jurisdiction / command◆to be beyond / outside the control / power / authority / jurisdiction of sb◆the power / authority / jurisdiction to do sth◆absolute / complete control / power / authority / command◆direct control / rule / authority / command◆to have control / power / authority / jurisdiction / command / a hold over sb / force◆to exercise control / power / authority / jurisdiction◆to take control / power / command◆to assume control / power / authority / command◆to give sb control / power / authority / jurisdiction / command / a hold over sb◆to delegate power / authority / command (to sb)◆to lose control / power / authority / command / your hold on sth◆to relinquish control / power / command / your hold on sth■control [uncountable] the power to make decisions about how a country, an area, an organization or sb's life is run; the ability to make sb/sth do what you want（对国家、地区、机构或人的）管理权，控制权，支配权；控制（或操纵）能力◆The party is expecting to gain control of the council in the next election.该党期待着下次选举能获得对地方议会的控制权。◆The aim is to give people more control over their own lives.目的是让人能对自己的生活有更多的自主权。◆The city is under enemy control.那座城市在敌人控制之下。◆The teacher had no control over the children.那个老师管不住学生。◆She struggled to keep control of her voice.她竭力控制住自己的声音。◆She lost control of her car on the ice.她在冰上开车失去了控制。◆Owing to circumstances beyond our control the flight to Rome has been cancelled.由于出现了无法控制的情况，飞往罗马的航班已经取消。 see also self-control ⇨ restraint, controlled ⇨ disciplined■power [uncountable] the ability to control people or things; political control of a country or area控制力；影响力；统治；政权◆He has the power to make life very difficult for us.他权力很大，可以把我们整得狼狈不堪。◆The Emperor had absolute power over all his subjects.皇帝对所有的臣民拥有绝对权力。◆She was determined to go through with her plan, now that she had him in her power(= was able to do what she liked with him).既然可以摆布他，她决定把她的计划实施到底。◆The party came to power at the last election.该党在上次选举中当选执政。◆He seized power in a military coup.他在一次军事政变中夺了权。◆It was the beginning of a power struggle between rival factions within the party.这是该党内部对立派系间权力斗争的开始。◆The war brought about a shift in the balance of power.那场战争使势力的均衡发生了转变。 see also office ⇨ role■rule [uncountable] the government of a country or area by a particular person, group or political system（特定的人、团体或政治体系对国家或地区的）统治，管理◆There was a gradual process of returning the country to civilian rule.将那个国家恢复到文官统治经历了一个渐进的过程。◆The country remained under direct rule by the occupying powers.那个国家仍在占领势力的直接统治下。ⓘ Rule often refers to control by an outside country or group, by a political system which allows little freedom, or sth which contrasts with this. * rule常指外国或外部集团的控制，以及专制或非专制政体的统治◆colonial / British / Ottoman rule殖民地的／英国的／奥斯曼的统治◆Fascist / military rule法西斯主义／军事统治◆a return to civilian / democratic / majority rule回到文官／民主／多数派统治 see also rule ⇨ ruleverb1■authority [uncountable] the power to give orders to people权力；威权；当权◆She now has authority over the people who used to be her bosses.她现在管辖着曾是她上司的那些人。◆Nothing will be done because no one in authority(= who has the power to do sth) takes the matter seriously.什么也办不了，因为掌权的谁也不认真对待这个问题。■jurisdiction /ˌdʒʊərɪsˈdɪkʃn; NAmEˌdʒʊrɪsˈdɪkʃn/ [uncountable, countable] (formal) the power that an official organization has to make legal decisions about sb/sth司法权；审判权；管辖权◆These matters do not fall within our jurisdiction.这些事情不归我们管辖。◆The agreement doesn't come under the jurisdiction of the EU courts.该协议不归欧盟法院管辖。■discipline [uncountable] the practice of training people to obey rules and orders and punishing them if they do not; the controlled behaviour or situation that results from this training守纪训练；训导；纪律；风纪◆The school has a reputation for high standards of discipline.这所学校以纪律严明著称。◆Strict discipline is imposed on army recruits.新兵受到严格的纪律训练。◆She keeps good discipline in class.她严格执行课堂纪律。 see also discipline ⇨ punishverb, disciplined ⇨ disciplined, self-discipline ⇨ restraint■command [uncountable] the power to give orders to a group of people, especially in the armed forces or police（尤指对军队或警察的）控制，管辖，指挥◆He has 1 200 men under his command.他掌管着1 200人。◆Who's in command here?这里谁主事？◆The police arrived and took command of the situation.警方到达后控制了局势。 see also command ⇨ orderverb1, command ⇨ run2■hold [singular] influence or control over a person or situation（对人或局势的）影响，控制◆What she knew about his past gave her a hold over him.她知道他的过去，所以能够控制他。◆Enemy forces have consolidated their hold on the northern province.敌军已经巩固了他们对北部省份的控制。■grasp [singular] (ratherinformal) control over a situation, especially when it is hard to hold on to（尤指对难以控制的局势的）掌控◆The company continues to maintain its grasp on the business computer market.那家公司继续维持着对商用电脑市场的控制。◆Don't let the situation escape from your grasp.别让局面失控。NOTE辨析 Hold or grasp?In this meaning, a hold is stronger than a grasp. You have, strengthen or consolidate a hold. A grasp has to be maintained or things may slip or escape from it.表达此义时，hold语气比grasp强。hold可以作have、strengthen或consolidate的宾语。grasp则可以作maintain、slip或escape from的宾语。■force [uncountable] the authority of a law or rule（法律或规定的）权力，效力◆These guidelines do not have the force of law.这些指导原则不具有法律效力。◆The court ruled that these standards have force in British law.法院裁定，这些标准在英国法律中具有效力。
country1
noun
a foreign country外国country life乡村生活country ♦︎ nation ♦︎ state ♦︎ land ♦︎ superpower ♦︎ powerThese are all words for an area of land that has its own government and laws.这些词均表示国家、国度。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a foreign country / nation / state / land / power◆a / an great / major / leading / industrial / colonial country / nation / state / power◆a / an independent / free / powerful / Third World / Communist / democratic country / nation / state◆an allied / enemy country / nation / power◆a sovereign nation / state / power◆to rule a country / nation / state / land◆to govern a country / nation / state◆to lead a country / nation◆to serve your country / nation■country [countable] an area of land that has or used to have its own government and laws国；国家◆They are holding special events all over the country.他们正在全国各地举办特别活动。◆This is just one of 30 sites around the country.这仅是全国30处场地中的一个。◆It's good to meet people from different parts of the country.能结识来自这个国家不同地区的人真好。◆'It's a free country!' he shouted. 'I can do what I like.'“这是一个自由的国家！”他喊道，“我可以做我喜欢的事情。”◆Sugar is only produced in tropical countries.糖仅在热带国家出产。◆She represented her country at the Olympics.她代表她的国家参加奥运会了。■nation [countable] a country considered as a group of people with the same language, culture and history, who live in a particular area under one government国家；民族◆This is an important moment in our nation's history.这是我们民族历史上的重要时刻。◆They are a nation of food lovers.他们是热爱美食的民族。◆Leaders of the G8 leading industrial nations backed the plan.主要工业化国家的八国集团领导人支持这一计划。 see also national ⇨ national, national ⇨ cultural■state ( State) [countable] a country considered as an organized political community controlled by one government国家◆It has not yet been recognized as an independent sovereign state.它尚未被承认为独立的主权国家。◆The action was opposed by several UN member states.这一行动遭到几个联合国成员国反对。◆Many Third World countries are one-party states of one type or another.许多第三世界国家是某种类型的一党制国家。◆After the collapse of the Soviet Union, many new nation states were created.苏联解体后，许多新的民族国家建立起来了。 see also state ⇨ publicNOTE辨析 Country, nation or state?To refer to a country as a political unit or to its government, you can use country, nation or state.表示政治意义上的国家或其政府，用country、nation、state均可◆relations between the two countries / nations / states两国关系◆a newly independent country / nation / state新近独立的国家Country and nation can also refer to an area where people live, its economy, culture, etc. * country和nation亦可指人们居住的区域，及其经济、文化等◆a rich / wealthy country / nation富裕的国家◆an oil-producing country / nation产油国Country is the only word which can be used to refer to a country as a geographical area.只有country可用来指作为一个地理区域的国家◆a hot / cold / tropical country炎热的／寒冷的／热带国家■land [countable] (literary) used to refer to a country or region in an emotional or imaginative way（带有感情或想象色彩的）国度，地区◆She longed to return to her native land.她渴望回到她的祖国。◆America was seen as the land of freedom and opportunity.美国曾被认为是一个自由与充满机遇的国度。■superpower /ˈsuːpəpaʊə(r), ˈsjuːpəpaʊə(r); NAmEˈsuːpərpaʊər/ [countable] one of the countries in the world with very great military or economic power and a lot of influence超级大国◆The United States was left as the only global superpower.美国是当时仅存的超级大国。◆Japan's status as an economic superpower日本作为经济强国的地位■power [countable] a country with a lot of influence in world affairs, or the affairs of a region, or with great military strength有影响力的大国；军事强国◆Major European powers, such as France and Germany, are against the plan.法德等主要欧洲强国反对这个计划。◆He transformed a backward country into a world power.他把一个落后国家改造成世界强国。
effect
noun
➡ See also the entry for ⇨ result另见result条effect ♦︎ impact ♦︎ influence ♦︎ power ♦︎ force ♦︎ impression ♦︎ actionThese are all words for the changes in sb/sth that are caused by sb/sth else.这些词均表示效应、影响。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an effect / impact / influence / impression on / upon sb / sth◆under the effect / impact / influence of sth / sb◆(a) considerable / tremendous / great effect / impact / influence / power / force / impression◆a profound / significant / strong / big / positive / lasting effect / impact / influence / impression◆a / an cultural / economic / political / social effect / impact / influence◆to have an effect / impact / influence◆to make an impact / impression◆to feel the effect / impact of sth■effect [countable, uncountable] a change in sb/sth that is caused by sb/sth else效应；影响◆Despite her ordeal, she seems to have suffered no ill effects.尽管她备受折磨，但好像并未受到不良影响。◆Her criticisms had the effect of discouraging him completely.她的批评使他完全丧失了信心。◆It's not always easy to distinguish between cause and effect.分清因果并非总是那么简单。◆The management changes had little or no effect on output.管理层的变化对产量影响不大。 see also affect ⇨ affectverb■impact / /ˈɪmpækt/ / [countable, usually singular, uncountable] the powerful effect that sth has on sb/sth巨大影响；强大作用◆Her speech made a profound impact on everyone.她的讲话对每个人都有深远影响。◆The programme examined the environmental impact of power generation.该项目考察了发电对环境的影响。◆We are trying to minimize the impact of price rises on customers.我们力求将涨价带给顾客的影响减到最低。 see also impact ⇨ affectverb■influence [uncountable, countable] the effect that sb/sth has on the way a person thinks or behaves, or on the way that sth works or develops（对思想、行为或事物发展变化的）影响，作用◆Children around the age of eight are especially vulnerable to the influence of television.八岁左右的儿童尤其容易受到电视的影响。◆The artists exerted a strong influence on a younger generation.这些艺术家对年轻一代产生了重大影响。◆They said she was a bad influence on the other children.他们称她对其他孩子产生坏影响。 see also influence ⇨ affectverb■power [uncountable] the influence of a particular thing or group within society（社会内部的）影响力，势力◆He talked about the enormous power of the mass media.他谈到了大众媒体的强大影响力。◆The government promised greater opportunities for parent power.政府允诺给予父母更多的施展影响力的机会。■force [uncountable] the strong effect of sb's arguments or personality（论点或人格的）强大效力◆She spoke with force and deliberation.她讲话铿锵有力，字斟句酌。◆He felt the full force of her criticism.他感受到了她的批评所产生的强大威力。◆He controlled himself by sheer force of will.他全凭意志力控制住了自己。■impression [countable, usually singular] the effect that an experience or person has on sb/sth, especially on the way that sb thinks or behaves in the future（尤指某种经历或某个人对思想或行为产生的）影响，效果◆The stillness and silence leave a deep impression on visitors.那一刻的静止无声给来访者留下了深刻的印象。◆You'll have to play better than that if you really want to make an impression(= to make people admire and remember you).你如果真想留下好印象，就得表演得更好。◆My words made no impression on her.我的话丝毫没有对她起作用。 see also impress ⇨ impress, impressive ⇨ impressive■action [uncountable] (always followed by of总是后接of) the effect that one substance or chemical has on another（一种物质或化学品对另一种所起的）作用◆Vitamin D can be made in the body by the action of sunlight on the skin.维生素D可以通过阳光对皮肤的作用在人体内产生。 see also act ⇨ affectverb
energy1
noun
nuclear/solar energy核能；太阳能She's always full of energy.她总是充满活力。energy ♦︎ powerThese are both words for the fuel, strength of the sun or wind, etc. that is used to drive machines, make electricity, provide heat, etc.这两个词均表示能源。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆electrical / nuclear / atomic / solar / wind / tidal energy / power◆to generate / produce / provide / supply / use / harness energy / power◆an energy / a power supply◆a source of energy / power■energy [uncountable] a source of power such as fuel, used for driving machines, providing heat, etc.能源◆the change from fossil fuel to renewable energy从化石燃料到可再生能源的转变◆The nuclear plant provides a fifth of the nation's energy.核电厂为该国提供五分之一的能源。◆It is important to conserve energy.节能十分重要。◆Energy-saving features can reduce energy bills by 50%.这些节能特性能降低能耗支出50%。◆The country could face an energy crisis(= when fuel is not freely available) if demand continues to rise.如果需求持续上升，这个国家可能会面临能源危机。ⓘ In physics energy is the ability of matter or radiation to work because of its mass, movement, electric charge, etc.物理学中，energy指物质或辐射因其质量、运动或所带电荷而具有的做功的能力◆kinetic / potential energy动能；势能■power [uncountable] energy that can be collected and used to operate a machine, to make electricity, etc.; the public supply of electricity能量；动力；电力供应◆Wind power was used to drive the machinery.用了风能来驱动机器。◆This wheel provides the power to the cutting machine.这个轮子为剪切机提供动力。◆To go higher the pilot increases the engine power.为了能飞得更高，飞行员加大了发动机的动力。◆They've switched off the power.他们关掉了电源。◆There seems to have been a power failure.好像停电了。NOTE辨析 Energy or power?Energy is the source of power: the fuel, the light and heat from the sun or a nuclear reaction, the strength of the wind, water or waves. Power is energy that has been collected and used to produce electricity, operate machinery, etc. In practice you can often use either word. * energy指能源，诸如燃油、太阳或核变产生的光和热，以及风、水或潮汐的能量。power指蓄集起来用于发电、驱动机器等的能量。实际上，两个词常可通用◆electrical / nuclear / atomic / solar / wind / tidal energy / power电能；核能；原子能；太阳能；风能；潮汐能◆to generate / produce / provide / supply / use / harness energy / power发电；产生能量；提供能量；供电；使用能量；利用能量However, although you can say generate/produce energy, energy is often seen as sth that cannot be created (and in a scientific sense this is true): you can store, conserve or save energy, or you can waste it. Power is less frequently seen in this way: you generate/produce power and then use it to drive sth, but it is less usual to talk about storing or saving it. The energy supply is all the energy that has not yet been used up; the power supply is the continuous flow of power to where it is being used.不过，尽管“发电”可以说成generate/produce energy，energy常被认为是不能人为制造产生的，而且从科学意义上讲确实如此。与energy搭配的动词有store、conserve、save和waste。power较少这样用，常与之搭配的动词有generate和produce。use power to drive sth指使用能量驱动某物。power通常不与表示贮存或节约意义的词连用。energy supply指至今还没有耗尽的所有能源，power supply指能量的持续供应◆The world's energy supply is heading for crisis.世界正濒临能源供给危机。◆The world's power supply is heading for crisis.◆interruptions in the power supply电力供应的中断◆interruptions in the energy supply
force
noun
force ♦︎ strength ♦︎ power ♦︎ mightThese are all words for the quality of being physically strong, or the use of physical strength.这些词均表示力、力气、力量。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆physical force / strength / power◆brute force / strength◆to use force / your strength / your power / your might■force [uncountable] physical strength used in violent action; violent physical action used to obtain or achieve sth武力；暴力◆We had to resort to force to get the door open.我们不得不强行把门打开。◆The police were accused of using excessive force.警方被指滥用暴力。◆The rioters were taken away by force.聚众闹事者被强行带走。◆ (disapproving) We achieve much more by persuasion than by brute force.我们通过说服会比使用暴力更有成效。 see also force ⇨ pushverb1■strength [uncountable] muscle power; the health and fitness needed to do physical work or actions力气；体力；力量◆His superior physical strength won him the title.他夺冠靠的是超群的体力。◆It may take a few weeks for you to build up your strength again.你可能需要几个星期才能恢复体力。◆She didn't have the strength to walk any further.她再也走不动了。 see also strong ⇨ strong1, strong ⇨ well, strengthen ⇨ strengthen, energy ⇨ energy2■power [uncountable] physical strength used in action; physical strength that sb possesses and might use体力；力量◆He hit the ball with as much power as he could.他使出全力击球。◆the sheer physical power of the man那男子惊人的体力 see also powerful ⇨ strong1■might (formalorliterary) great strength, energy or power强大力量；威力◆America's military might美国的军事力量◆He pushed against the rock with all his might.他用尽全力推那块石头。
right
noun
right ♦︎ power ♦︎ privilege ♦︎ claim ♦︎ authority ♦︎ liberty ♦︎ entitlement ♦︎ title ♦︎ dueThese are all words for sth you are legally or morally allowed to have or do.这些词均表示法律或道义上的权利。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sb's right / power / claim over sb / sth◆a right / a claim / an entitlement / a title to sth◆the right / power / authority / entitlement to do sth◆a / an special / exclusive right / power / privilege / claim◆a / the legal right / power / claim / authority / entitlement / title◆personal rights / claims / liberties◆have a / the right / the power / the privilege / a claim / the authority / an entitlement / title◆use / exercise your right / powers / privilege / authority / entitlement◆give sb a right / the power / a privilege / title / their due◆grant sb rights / powers / privileges / liberties◆revoke a right / the power / a privilege / the authority◆lose your right / powers / privilege / entitlement◆forfeit your right / privilege / claim / entitlement / title◆give up your right / powers / privilege / claim / title◆renounce your right / privilege / claim / title◆waive your right / privilege / claim◆respect sb's right / claim / liberties■right [countable] something that you should definitely be allowed to do or have, either legally or morally（法律或道义上）正当的要求；权利◆Everyone has the right to a fair trial.每个人都有权获得公正的审判。◆What gives you the right to do that?你有什么权利这样做？◆You're quite within your rights to ask for your money back(= you definitely have a right to do it).你完全有权要回你的钱。◆She had every right to be angry.她完全有理由生气。◆By rights(= according to sb's rights) half the money should be mine.按理应该有一半的钱归我。◆This is a fundamental human right(= a right that all people should have).这是一项基本的人权。◆They have always fought hard for equal rights(= the right of all people in society to be treated fairly and equally).他们一直在为获得平等权利进行顽强的斗争。 see also birthright ⇨ legacy■power [uncountable, countable, usually plural] the right of a person or group to do sth, especially sth that involves having control over sb else权力；职权；权势◆The Secretary of State has the power to approve the proposals.国务卿有权批准这些提议。◆The president has the power of veto over all new legislation.总统有权否决一切新法规。◆The powers of the police must be clearly defined.警察的职权必须明确界定。■privilege / /ˈprɪvəlɪdʒ/ / [countable] a special right or advantage that a particular person or group of people has特殊利益；优惠待遇；特权◆Education should be a universal right and not just a privilege.教育应当是全民的权利，而非部分人的特权。◆Club members have special privileges, like being allowed to use the swimming pool.俱乐部会员享有特权，如获准使用游泳池。ⓘ Privilege [uncountable] is used in a disapproving way to mean 'the rights and advantages that only the rich or powerful people in a society have'.不可数名词形式的privilege指社会中有钱有势者拥有的权利和优势，用作贬义◆ (disapproving) His life had always been one of wealth and privilege.他一直过着有钱有势的生活。■claim [countable, uncountable] a right that sb believes they have to sth, for example property or land（对财产、土地等要求拥有的）所有权◆The court ruled that they had no claim on the land.法院裁定他们无权索要那片土地。◆The princess was forced to renounce her claim to the throne.公主被迫放弃对王位的要求。◆He went back to lay claim to his inheritance.他回来主张他的继承权。▸claim
verb
[transitive] ◆A lot of lost property is never claimed.许多失物从未被认领。◆The family arrived in the UK in the 1990s and claimed political asylum.这家人20世纪90年代来到英国要求政治避难。■authority [uncountable] the right to do sth, especially because you hold a senior position in an organization（尤因在组织中位居要职而拥有的）权，职权◆Only the manager has the authority to sign cheques.只有经理才有权签支票。NOTE辨析 Power or authority?In this meaning authority is usually used in the phrase (have) the authority to do sth. This authority usually comes from sb's position within a company or other organization and refers to what they are allowed to do within that organization. The power to do sth or special powers often come from the courts, the government or a country's constitution(= system of laws and political organization)and refer to what sb is allowed to do within the law or government of the country.表达此义时，authority常用于短语(have) the authority to do sth。这种权力通常来自某人在公司或其他组织中的职位，指其在组织内部的权限。the power to do sth或special powers的这种权力常来自法院、政府或国家的宪法，某人获允依法或在政府体制内做某事◆Only the manager has the power to sign cheques.◆The authority of the police must be clearly defined.■liberty /ˈlɪbəti; NAmEˈlɪbərti/ [countable] the legal freedom to do sth（法律上的）自由◆The right to vote should be a liberty enjoyed by all.投票权应当是人人享有的合法权利。◆This is a gross infringement of our civil liberties(= the right of people to be free to say or do what they want while respecting others and staying within the law).这是对我们的公民自由的严重侵犯。ⓘ In this meaning liberty is used especially in the phrases personal/civil liberties.表达此义时，liberty尤用于短语personal/civil liberties。■entitlement [uncountable, countable] (especially BrE, formal) the official right to have or do sth, especially to receive a payment or own property; something, especially an amount of money, that you have an official right to have or receive（拥有某物或做某事的）权利，资格（尤指收到付款或拥有财产）；有权得到的东西（尤指钱款）◆This may affect your entitlement to compensation.这可能影响你索赔的权利。◆Your contributions will affect your pension entitlements.你的缴款数额将会影响你的养老金待遇。ⓘ This meaning of entitlement is not very frequent in American English. However, especially in American English the phrase a sense of entitlement is used in a disapproving way to talk about people who think they have a right to sth without actually working for it. * entitlement的这一义项在美式英语中不是很常用。不过，尤其是在美式英语中，短语a sense of entitlement用作贬义，指不努力便自认为应享有权利的特权思想◆ (especially NAmE, disapproving) The only child of very wealthy parents, she embodies the spoiled brat with a sense of entitlement.父母有钱，又是独生女，她活脱脱是个被宠坏了的孩子，满脑子特权思想。 see also entitle ⇨ allow■title [uncountable, countable] (law法律) the legal right to own sth, especially land or property; the document that shows you have this right（尤指土地或财产的）所有权，所有权凭证；房地契◆He claims he has title to the land.他声称拥有这块土地的所有权。◆Who holds the title deed(= the legal document proving that sb is the owner of a particular property or piece of land)?谁有房契？■due /djuː; NAmEduː/ [uncountable] something, especially praise, that should be given to sb because they have earned it by their actions应得到的东西（尤其是赞美）◆He received a large reward, which was no more than his due(= what he deserved).他得到重赏，这是他应得的。◆She's a slow worker, but to give her her due(= be fair to her) she is very thorough.她干活速度很慢，但说句公道话，她做事很仔细。ⓘ In this meaning due is always used in the phrase my/your/his/her/our/their due.表达此义时，due总是用于短语my/your/his/her/our/their due。
rule1
verb
rule a country统治国家The court/judge ruled that...法庭／法官裁定⋯rule ♦︎ govern ♦︎ be in power ♦︎ reignThese words all mean to control a country or an area and its people.这些词均表示统治、控制、治理。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to rule / reign over sth◆to rule / govern a country◆a (political) party rules / governs / is in power◆a king / queen / monarch rules / reigns◆a ruling / governing party / coalition / class / elite■rule [transitive, intransitive] to control and have authority over a country or area and its people控制；统治；支配◆The country was ruled by a brutal dictatorship.这个国家当时处在残暴的独裁统治下。◆The family ruled London's gangland in the sixties.这个家族在20世纪60年代控制着伦敦的黑社会。◆Charles I ruled for eleven years.查理一世统治了十一年。◆She once ruled over a vast empire.她曾统治一个庞大的帝国。 see also rule ⇨ controlnoun, ruler ⇨ king■govern [transitive, intransitive] to legally control a country or area and be responsible for introducing new laws organizing public services, managing the economy and directing foreign policy统治；治理◆The PCP had governed the province for 23 years.葡萄牙共产党曾统治该省23年。◆He accused the opposition party of being unfit to govern.他指责反对党无力治理国事。 see also government ⇨ government12NOTE辨析 Rule or govern?A government or party which governs a country or area has legal political control and has usually been elected. Rule is more often used to talk about an individual who has political power but has not been elected, such as a king or queen, an emperor, dictator or military ruler. It can also be used about a small group of people who exercise power over the rest of the country, sometimes in a less direct way: in this meaning it is often used like an adjective. * govern指一国政府或党派对国家或地区进行法定的治理，执政的政府或政党通常是通过选举产生。rule较常指拥有政治权力但非经由民选的个人实施统治，如国王或女王、皇帝、独裁者或军事统治者等。rule也指一小群人有时以不太直接的方式对其他国民行使权力，表达此义时，rule常像形容词一样使用◆the ruling party / coalition / classes / elite执政党／联盟；统治阶级／精英■be in power
phrase
to have political control of a country or area统治；执政◆The present regime has been in power for two years.现政权已经执政两年了。■reign / /reɪn/ / [intransitive] to rule a country as a king, queen or emperor统治；为王；为君◆Queen Victoria reigned from 1837 to 1901.维多利亚女王自1837年至1901年在位。◆It was the first visit by a British reigning monarch to Russia.这是英国君主首次访问俄罗斯。 see also reign ⇨ government1