| 例句 |
pretend verb
⇨ pretend (pretend not to notice) ⇨ imagine (Let's pretend.)pretend adj.
⇨ fictional pretend verb pretend ♦︎ act ♦︎ feign ♦︎ put sth on ♦︎ adopt ♦︎ fake ♦︎ bluff ♦︎ assumeThese words all mean to behave in a particular way, in order to make other people believe sth that is not true. 这些词均表示假装、伪装。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to pretend / feign / assume interest / indifference◆to feign / fake illness / injury◆to put on / adopt / assume an accent◆to put on / adopt / assume an air of concern / indifference, etc.■ pretend [intransitive, transitive] to behave in a particular way, in order to make other people believe sth that is not true 假装；伪装◆I'm tired of having to pretend all the time.总是要装假，我厌倦了。◆Of course it was wrong; it would be hypocriticial to pretend otherwise.当然是错了，装作没错就是虚伪了。◆I pretended to be asleep.我假装睡着了。◆He pretended not to notice.他装作没看见。◆She pretended (that) she was his niece.她冒充他的外甥女。◆He pretended to his family that everything was fine.他对家人佯称一切都好。◆ (formal) Why hurt her by pretending an interest he did not feel?他对她并无兴趣，为什么要装作对她有好感来伤害她？ⓘ Pretend is followed by a noun only in formal contexts. * pretend仅在正式语境中后接名词。■ act [intransitive] (used with a noun or adjective complement 与名词补语或形容词补语连用) to pretend by your behaviour to be a particular type of person 假装（成某种人）◆He's been acting the devoted husband all day.他整天装出一副模范丈夫的样子。◆I decided to act dumb.我决定装哑。 see also act ⇨ play verb 3 ■ feign / /feɪn/ / [transitive] (rather formal, written) to pretend that you have a particular emotion or that you are ill, injured, asleep or dead 假装，装作，佯装（有某种情感、生病、受伤、睡着或死）◆He survived the massacre by feigning death.他装死才在大屠杀中死里逃生。◆'A present for me?' she asked with feigned surprise.“给我的礼物？”她故作惊讶地问道。■ ˌput sth ˈon phrasal verb (putting, put, put) (rather informal) to pretend to be thinking or feeling sth; to pretend to have a particular way of speaking 装作（有某种想法或感觉）；假装（有口音）◆I don't think she was hurt. She was just putting it on.我认为她没受伤，她是装出来的。◆He put on an American accent.他假装操着一口美国腔。■ adopt [transitive] (formal) to use a particular manner, expression or way of speaking 采用（某种举止、表情或说话方式）◆She adopted an air of indifference.她摆出一副漠不关心的样子。◆He smiled and adopted a more casual tone of voice.他笑了，换了个较为随意的语气。■ fake [transitive, intransitive] (rather informal) to pretend that you are ill, injured or have a particular physical feeling 假装，佯装，装出（有病、受伤或身体有某种感觉）◆She's not really sick － she's just faking it.她并不是真的病了，是装出来的。◆He faked a yawn.他装着打了个哈欠。◆Do you think she's faking?你觉得她是在装假吗？ⓘ When fake is used without an object, it is usually in a negative statement or a question, and in the form faking. * fake不带宾语时，通常以faking的形式用于否定句或疑问句◆But what if he wasn't faking?可要是他不是在装，那怎么办？ ■ bluff [intransitive, transitive] to try to make sb believe that you will do sth that you do not really intend to do, or that you know sth that you do not really know 虚张声势；吹牛；唬人◆I don't think he'll shoot－I think he's just bluffing.我认为他不会开枪－我想他不过是在吓唬人。◆She successfully bluffed her way through the interview (= by pretending to be sb she was not or know things that she did not know).她蒙混过关，通过了面试。 see also bluff ⇨ trick noun ■ assume /əˈsjuːm; NAmE əˈsuːm/ [transitive] (formal, sometimes disapproving) to pretend to be thinking or feeling sth; to pretend to have a particular way of speaking 装作（有某种想法或感觉）；假装（有口音）◆She assumed an air of concern.她装着很关心的样子。◆He had assumed a stage Southern accent.他佯装戏中的南方口音。NOTE 辨析 Put sth on, adopt or assume? Put sth on is rather informal; adopt and assume are formal. Assume is more disapproving than adopt and suggests that sb's behaviour is false. * put sth on是相当非正式的表达方式；adopt和assume很正式。assume的负面含义多于adopt，意为某人的行为是假装出来的、不真诚的。 imagine verb imagine ♦︎ think ♦︎ see ♦︎ envisage ♦︎ envision ♦︎ picture ♦︎ visualize ♦︎ conceptualize ♦︎ pretendThese words all mean to form an idea in your mind of what sb/sth might be like. 这些词均表示想象、设想。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to imagine / see / envisage / envision / picture / visualize / conceptualize sb / sth as sth◆to imagine / see / envisage / envision / picture / visualize (sb) doing sth◆to imagine / think / see / envisage / envision / picture / visualize who / what / how...◆to imagine / think / envisage / envision / pretend that...◆Just imagine / think / pretend...■ imagine [transitive, intransitive] to form an idea in your mind of what sb/sth might be like 想象；设想◆The house was just as she had imagined it.这房子跟她想象的一模一样。◆I can't imagine life without the children now.我现在无法设想没有孩子的生活。◆Close your eyes and imagine (that) you are in a forest.闭上眼睛，想象自己身处森林里。◆I can just imagine him saying that!我就料到他会那么说！◆I had imagined her to be older than me.我本来以为她比我大。◆ (spoken) 'He was furious.' 'I can imagine!'“他大发雷霆。”“我想象得出！”■ think (thought, thought) [transitive, no passive, intransitive] to imagine sth that might happen or might have happened 猜想；想象；试想◆We couldn't think where you'd gone.我们想不出你到哪里去了。◆Just think how nice it would be to see them again.试想一下要是能再见到他们该有多好。◆Try to think yourself into the role.尽量发挥想象力，使自己进入角色。◆Just think－this time tomorrow we'll be lying on a beach.想想看，明天这个时候我们就躺在海滩上了。■ see [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to consider sth as a future possibility; to imagine sb/sth as sth 设想；想象◆I can't see her changing her mind.我想她不会改变主意。◆His colleagues see him as a future director.他的同事认为他很可能是未来的主事者。■ envisage / /ɪnˈvɪzɪdʒ/ / [transitive] (especially BrE, rather formal) to imagine what will happen in the future 想象；设想；展望◆What level of profit do you envisage?你预计会有什么样的利润水平？◆It is envisaged that the talks will take place in the spring.谈判预计在春季举行。ⓘ The usual word for this in American English is envision. 美式英语中通常用envision表示此义。■ envision / /ɪnˈvɪʒn/ / [transitive] (rather formal) to imagine what a situation will be like in the future, especially a situation that you intend to work towards 展望，设想（尤指致力达成的前景）◆They envision an equal society, free from poverty and disease.他们向往一个没有贫穷和疾病的平等社会。ⓘ Envision is used especially in business and political contexts. In American English it is also used as another form of the word envisage. * envision尤用于商业和政治语境，在美式英语中亦用作envisage的变体◆What level of profit do you envision?你预计会有什么样的利润水平？ ■ picture [transitive] to form a picture of sb/sth in your mind 设想；想象；忆起◆I can still picture the house I grew up in.我还能回忆起我童年时住的那座房子。 see also picture ⇨ description noun ■ visualize (BrE also visualise) / /ˈvɪʒuəlaɪz/ / [transitive] (rather formal) to picture sb/sth in your mind 使形象化；想象；设想◆Try to visualize yourself walking into the interview calmly and confidently.尽量设想自己从容自信地进入面试现场。▸ visualization (BrE also visualisation) noun [uncountable, countable] ◆Visualization can be a useful technique in building confidence.想象法会是个树立自信的有用方法。NOTE 辨析 Imagine, picture or visualize? Imagine is the most general of these words and is used for any idea that you form of how a person, place, thing or experience might look or feel. Picture and visualize are used particularly for imagining sth in a picture or series of pictures. They are very similar in meaning but visualize is slightly more formal and is often used to talk about a deliberate attempt to imagine sth for a particular purpose. * imagine在这些词中最宽泛，指想象人、地方、事物或经历等看上去或感觉上会是什么样子。picture和visualize尤用于想象一幅或一系列画面。两词含义非常相似，只是visualize稍显正式，并常指为特定目的而有意识地设想。■ conceptualize (BrE also conceptualise) / /kənˈseptʃuəlaɪz/ / [transitive, intransitive] (formal) to form an idea of sth in your mind, especially an idea of sth that is difficult to imagine accurately 将⋯概念化（为⋯）；构思；使形成观念◆How can we conceptualize the way the international economy works?我们如何将国际经济的运行方式概念化？◆The ability to conceptualize is one of the most likely indicators of who will be a successful manager.形成概念的能力是评断一个人能否成为出色的经理人的最适用指标之一。■ pretend [transitive, intransitive](especially of children) to imagine that sth is true as part of a game （尤指儿童在游戏中）假装，扮作◆Let's pretend (that) we're astronauts.咱们假装是太空人吧。◆They didn't have any real money so they had to pretend.他们没有真钱，就用假的代替。 fictional adjective fictional ♦︎ virtual ♦︎ non-existent ♦︎ fictitious ♦︎ imaginary ♦︎ pretendThese words all describe things that are not real but only exist in stories or in people's minds. 这些词均表示虚构的、幻想的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a fictional / a fictitious / an imaginary story / character◆a fictional / a virtual / an imaginary world◆purely / wholly fictional / fictitious / imaginary◆totally non-existent / fictitious■ fictional invented by sb for a story; connected with fiction 虚构的；小说的◆a fictional account of life on a desert island对荒岛生活的虚构描述◆the fictional world of J.K. RowlingJ.K.罗琳的虚构世界◆fictional techniques小说技巧ⓘ Fiction is a type of literature that describes people and events that are not real. * fiction指小说。 OPP real-life ⇨ reliable 2 ■ virtual / /ˈvɜːtʃuəl; NAmE ˈvɜːrtʃuəl/ [only before noun] made to appear to exist by the use of computer software （通过计算机软件）模拟的，虚拟的◆The technology has enabled development of an online virtual library.这种技术已使在线虚拟图书馆的发展成为可能。◆Immersion in a virtual world of monsters and aliens helped alleviate pain in children with severe burns.沉浸在怪兽和外星生物的虚拟世界里有助于减轻重度烧伤患儿的痛苦。■ ˌnon-eˈxistent not existing; not real 不存在的；不真实的◆They would waste their time worrying about non-existent dangers.他们为根本不存在的危险担忧只会浪费自己的时间。◆Hospital beds were scarce and medicines were practically non-existent.当时医院病床紧缺，药物几乎没有。ⓘ Non-existent is often used to talk about people or things that sb claims exist. * non-existent常用以描述某人声称存在的人或事物◆She was claiming welfare for two non-existent children.她在为两个不存在的孩子申请福利。 ■ fictitious /fɪkˈtɪʃəs/ / invented by sb for a story; invented by sb in order to trick people 虚构的；虚假的◆All the places and characters in my novel are fictitious (= they do not exist in real life).我小说中的所有地点和人物纯属虚构。◆The account he gives of his childhood is fictitious.他对自己童年的描述是虚假的。 OPP factual ⇨ reliable 2 NOTE 辨析 Fictional or fictitious?Both these words can be used to talk about characters, places and events that are invented by sb for a story. Fictional, but not fictitious can also describe the process of writing fiction. 这两个词均可描述虚构的人物、地点和事件。描述写小说的过程用fictional，不用fictitious◆fictitious techniques Fictitious, but not fictional, is used especially when sb has invented sth in order to trick people and tries to pretend it is true. * fictitious，而非fictional，尤指虚假的、编造出来骗人的◆Police said the name John Haydon was fictitious, but the address given was genuine.警方称约翰•海登这个名字是假的，但所给的地址是真的。◆The name John Haydon was fictional. ■ imaginary /ɪˈmædʒɪnəri; NAmE ɪˈmædʒɪneri/ existing only in your mind or imagination 想象中的；幻想的；虚构的◆I had an imaginary friend when I was a child.我小时候有一个想象中的朋友。◆Children experience a lot of imaginary fears at this age.儿童在这个年纪会体验很多想象中的恐惧。◆The equator is an imaginary line around the middle of the earth.赤道是一条假想的环绕地球腰部的线。OPP real ⇨ real ■ pretend [usually before noun] (informal) (often used by children) not real; imaginary （常为儿童用语）假装的，想象的◆The children gave out their pretend cakes on little plastic plates.孩子们用小塑料盘假装分发他们的蛋糕。 OPP real ⇨ real |