replacement noun ⇨replacement (We need to find a replacement for Sue.)⇨exchange (The furnishings are in need of replacement.)
replacement
noun
replacement ♦︎ substitute ♦︎ reserve ♦︎ surrogate ♦︎ relief ♦︎ understudy ♦︎ stand-in ♦︎ cover ♦︎ proxyThese are all words for a person or thing that you use or have instead of the one you normally use or have.这些词均表示代替者、代替物。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a replacement / a substitute / a surrogate / an understudy / a stand-in / cover / a proxy for sb / sth◆(an) adequate replacement / substitute / stand-in / cover◆a / an good / satisfactory / appropriate / suitable / likely / possible / ideal / poor replacement / substitute◆to act as a replacement / a substitute / surrogate / understudy / stand-in / proxy◆to get a replacement / a substitute / cover◆to appoint a replacement / substitute / proxy◆to go on as / use sth as a replacement / substitute■replacement [countable] (often used as an adjective常用作形容词) a thing that replaces sth, especially because the first thing is old or broken; a person who replaces another person in an organization, especially in their job替代品，替换物（尤因原先的物品已陈旧或损坏）；（尤指工作上的）接替者，替代者◆a hip replacement人工髋关节◆replacement windows新换的窗子◆If your passport is stolen you should apply for a replacement immediately.如果护照被偷，应立即申请更换。◆We need to find a replacement for Sue.我们需要找一个替代苏的人。 see also replacement ⇨ exchange■substitute [countable] a person or thing that you use or have instead of the one you normally use or have; an extra player who plays in a sports team when one of the other players is injured or not available to play代替者；代替物；代用品；替补队员◆a meat / milk substitute肉食／牛奶替代品◆The book will teach you the theory but there's no substitute for practical experience.本书将教给你理论，但没有任何东西能代替实践经验。◆The local bus service was a poor substitute for their car.坐当地的公交车比坐他们自己的汽车可差远了。◆I regarded them as a substitute family.我把他们看作我的亲人。◆He was brought on as a substitute after half-time.他作为替补队员在下半场上场。ⓘ In informal language a substitute in sports can be called a sub.在非正式语言中，substitute表示替补队员时可简称sub。 see also substitution ⇨ exchange■reserve [countable] (especially BrE) a substitute player in a sports team替补队员；后备队员◆The team consists of three competitors plus one reserve.运动队包括三名参赛选手和一名替补队员。ⓘ The reserves (especially BrE) [plural] are a sports team that plays when the usual one is not available. The reserve [singular] /the reserves [plural] (BrE, NAmE) is an extra military or police force that is not part of a country's regular forces, but is available to be used when needed.尤其在英式英语中，复数形式的the reserves指替补运动队。单数形式的the reserve或复数形式的the reserves指预备役部队、后备警察队◆The missile landed on a US army reserve barracks.导弹落在一处美国预备役部队军营。■surrogate /ˈsʌrəgət; NAmEˈsɜːrəgət/ [countable] (often used as an adjective常用作形容词) (ratherformal) a person or thing that takes the place of, or is used instead of, sb/sth else替代者；替代物；代用品◆She saw him as a sort of surrogate father.在她心目中，他仿佛是能替代父亲角色的人。◆For these people, television is a surrogate for real life.对这些人来说，电视是现实生活的替代品。ⓘ In everyday English, surrogate is most often used to talk about people who take the place of real parents. However, a surrogate mother is usually a woman who actually gives birth to a baby for another woman who is unable to have babies herself. When surrogate is used to talk about things, it is a more formal way of saying substitute.在日常英语中，surrogate最常用于表示替代真正父母的人。不过，surrogate mother通常指代孕母亲。当surrogate修饰事物时，它是substitute更正式的说法。■relief [countable + singular or plural verb] (often used as an adjective常用作形容词) a person or group of people that replaces another when they have finished working for the day or when they are sick替班者；接替人；换班者◆The next crew relief comes on duty at 9 o'clock.下一批换班的员工9点钟接班。◆We have a pool of relief drivers available to us.我们有一些换班的司机可供调用。■understudy /ˈʌndəstʌdi; NAmEˈʌndərstʌdi/ [countable] an actor who learns the part of another actor in a play so that they can play that part if necessary候补演员；替角◆She worked as an understudy to Elaine Page.她担任了伊莲•佩姬的候补演员。■ˈstand-in [countable] (ratherinformal) a person who does sb's job for a short time when they are not available; a person who replaces an actor in some scenes in a film, especially dangerous ones代行职务者；（尤指影视中危险动作的）替身演员◆I acted as Tom's stand-in when he was away.汤姆不在时我替他顶班。◆Most of the stunts are performed by stand-ins.大部分特技由替身演员完成。■cover [uncountable] the fact of sb doing another person's job when they are away or when there are not enough staff代替工作；代劳；替补◆It's the manager's job to organize cover for employees who are absent.安排他人顶替缺席的员工是经理的工作。■proxy [countable, uncountable] (formalorlaw法律) a person who has been given the authority to represent sb else代理人；受托人；代表◆Your proxy will need to sign the form on your behalf.你的代理人将需要代表你在表格上签字。
exchange
noun
exchange ♦︎ replacement ♦︎ substitution ♦︎ swap ♦︎ barter ♦︎ reversalThese are all words for the act of giving sth to sb or doing sth for sb and receiving sth in return.这些词均表示交换、互换。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an exchange / a swap / a reversal between A and B◆a direct exchange / replacement / substitution◆a straight exchange / swap◆a complete / total replacement / reversal◆to result in an exchange / the replacement / the substitution of sth■exchange [countable, uncountable] an act of giving sth to sb or doing sth for sb and receiving sth in return; the process of changing an amount of one currency(= the money used in one country)for an equal value of another交换；互换；兑换◆There was a brief exchange of glances.匆匆地互递了个眼色。◆Woollen cloth and timber were sent to Egypt in exchange for linen.毛料和木材被运往埃及去换亚麻布。◆I'll type your report if you'll babysit in exchange.如果你代我看孩子，我就帮你打报告。◆I get you out of the country and you keep your mouth shut. Is that a fair exchange?我帮你离开这个国家，你替我守住这个秘密，这算是公平交易吧？◆We have currency exchange facilities.我们有货币兑换服务。◆Where can I find the best exchange rate / rate of exchange?哪里有最好的兑换价？ see also exchange ⇨ replace2■replacement [uncountable] the act of replacing one thing with another, especially sth that is newer or better（尤指用新的或更好的物品）替换，更换◆Complete replacement of the roof tiles would be very expensive.全部更换天花板会很贵。◆The original furnishings are now in need of replacement.原来的家具陈设如今都需要更换。 see also replace ⇨ replace2, replacement ⇨ replacement■substitution /ˌsʌbstɪˈtjuːʃn; NAmEˌsʌbstɪˈtuːʃn/ [uncountable, countable] (ratherformal) the act of using sb/sth instead of sb/sth else代替；取代◆the substitution of low-fat spreads for butter用低脂的面包抹酱代替黄油◆Two substitutions were made during the game(= two players were taken off and two others sent on in their place).比赛中换了两次人。 see also substitute ⇨ replacement, substitute for sb/sth ⇨ replace1, substitute ⇨ replace2■swap ( swop) /swɒp; NAmEswɑːp/ [countable, usually singular] (especially BrE, ratherinformal, spokenorjournalism新闻) an act of exchanging one thing or person for another交换；换掉◆Let's do a swap. You work Friday night and I'll do Saturday.咱俩调个班吧。你星期五晚间上，我星期六上。◆Why not arrange a job swap with someone in another city or state?何不试着跟别的城市或别的州的人掉换工作？ⓘ Swap is often used by journalists as a short and rather informal way of saying exchange. However, it is not used in the wide variety of ways that exchange is used. You can do/make a swap, or be involved in a job/spy swap. * swap常为新闻记者使用，用作exchange简短而非正式的表达，但是用法不如exchange多。do/make a swap指进行掉换，job/spy swap指工作掉换或间谍交换。 see also swap ⇨ replace2, swap ⇨ switchverb■barter [uncountable] the act of exchanging goods or services for other goods, etc. without using money以物易物；劳务交换◆The islanders use a system of barter instead of money.岛上的居民买东西不用钱，而是以物易物。 see also barter ⇨ replace2■reversal [countable, uncountable] an exchange of positions or functions between two or more people（人员位置或功能的）互换，交换◆It's a complete role reversal / reversal of roles(= for example when a husband cares for the house and children while the wife works).这是一种彻底的角色互换。ⓘ In this meaning, reversal is almost always used in the phrases role reversal or reversal of roles.表达此义时，reversal几乎总是用于短语role reversal或reversal of roles。 see also reverse ⇨ replace2