| 例句 |
solid adj.
⇨ solid (frozen solid) ⇨ decent (a solid achievement) ⇨ good 3 (solid evidence/advice) ⇨ pure 1 (solid gold)solid noun
⇨ materialsolid adjective solid ♦︎ stiff ♦︎ rigid ♦︎ firm ♦︎ hardThese words all describe things that are not soft to touch or are difficult to bend, break or move. 这些词均表示坚硬的、结实的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆solid / stiff / rigid material◆a solid / firm / hard surface◆firm / hard ground◆to go stiff / hard■ solid not in the form of a liquid or gas; not soft; difficult to bend, break or move 固体的；坚硬的；结实的；牢固的◆It was so cold that the stream had frozen solid.天气特别冷，小河冻得严严实实的。◆The boiler uses solid fuel (= not oil or gas).这种锅炉使用固体燃料。◆She had refused all solid food (= would not eat, only drink).所有固体食物她都不肯吃。◆The door was solid as rock.那扇门坚如磐石。OPP liquid ⇨ material see also solid ⇨ pure adj. 1 , solid ⇨ material noun ■ stiff not easy to fold or change in shape 不易折叠（或变形）的；硬的；挺的◆a sheet of stiff black cardboard一张黑色硬纸板◆Scrub away any residue with a stiff brush.用硬刷子把残留物擦洗掉。ⓘ People or parts of the body can be stiff if their muscles hurt when they move them, often because of cold. * stiff可指人的全身或身体某一部位因寒冷等而僵硬，活动时肌肉会疼痛◆I felt stiff all over.我觉得浑身酸痛。◆I've got a stiff neck from sleeping in a draught.我睡觉时受了风，脖子发僵。◆My fingers had gone stiff with cold.我的手指已经冻僵了。 see also stiff ⇨ tight ■ rigid / /ˈrɪdʒɪd/ / difficult to bend or press out of shape 坚硬的；不易弯曲的；僵直的◆Sandwiches are best packed in a rigid container.三明治最好用硬盒包装。◆The material is rigid and brittle.这种材料质地坚硬而且易碎。ⓘ People can go rigid with fear, anger or some other emotion. * rigid可指人因害怕、生气或其他情感而身体僵直◆His body suddenly went rigid with fear.他吓得突然浑身发僵。 OPP flexible ⇨ flexible 2 ■ firm (approving) not soft; not easy to press into another shape 坚固的；坚硬的；结实的◆It was good to feel the firm ground underfoot.脚下踩着坚硬的土地，那种感觉真好。◆four large tomatoes, ripe but firm四个大西红柿，熟了却还很硬◆Bake the cakes until they are firm to the touch.把糕饼烤到摸来有硬感为止。OPP soft ⇨ soft see also firm ⇨ firm , firm ⇨ tight ■ hard not soft; impossible to press into another shape 坚硬的；坚固的；不易变形的◆Wait for the concrete to go hard.等待混凝土凝结。◆a hard bench / chair硬板凳；硬椅子◆The ground is still rock-hard.地面仍然极其坚硬。 OPP soft ⇨ soft NOTE 辨析 Firm or hard? Hard things are harder than firm things. Hard can mean 'very hard' * hard比firm的硬度大。hard可表示非常硬◆Diamonds are the hardest known mineral.钻石是已知最坚硬的矿物。or 'too hard'. 或表示太硬◆a hard mattress一张硬梆梆的床垫 Firm is always a positive word: a hard mattress is a bad thing, but a firm mattress is good. * firm总是含有肯定意义：hard mattress是不好的，而firm mattress则是好的。 decent adjective ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ adequate 另见adequate条decent ♦︎ solid ♦︎ respectable ♦︎ soundThese words all describe sth that is of a good enough standard or quality. 这些词均表示事物良好的、不错的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a decent / solid / respectable / sound performance◆a decent / solid / respectable result◆pretty decent / solid / sound◆perfectly decent / respectable / sound◆decent / respectable / sound enough■ decent / /ˈdiːsnt/ / (rather informal, especially spoken) of a good enough standard or quality 像样的；相当不错的；挺好的◆He looks as if he could do with a decent meal.他看上去好像想要好好吃一顿。◆I need a decent night's sleep.我需要好好睡上一宿。◆This place looks decent enough－let's stay here.这地方看起来还不错，咱们就住这儿吧。▸ decently adverb ◆The car is decently sized and cheap to run.这辆汽车大小适中，而且跑起来省油。■ solid [usually before noun] (especially business 尤用于商业) good and steady, but not always excellent or special 相当好的，表现稳定的（但不一定出色或独特）◆2006 was a year of solid achievement.2006年是成就颇丰的一年。◆He's a good, solid player.他是个挺有实力的运动员。◆Trade remained solid throughout the year.全年的贸易情况保持良好。ⓘ Solid is used especially to talk about how a person or company performs or achieves over a period of time. * solid尤用于形容个人或公司在一段时间内的表现或成绩。■ respectable fairly good; not giving you any reason to feel ashamed 相当好的；不丢面子的◆It was a perfectly respectable result.这是个非常好的结果。◆Economic growth has averaged at a respectable 2.5 per cent.经济增长率平均为2.5%，相当不错。ⓘ Respectable is used especially to talk about sb/sth's performance in a game, competition or entertainment, or in business. * respectable尤用于形容某人或某事物在比赛、竞争、表演或生意中的表现。▸ respectably adverb ◆The candidate did respectably rather than brilliantly.该候选人表现得相当不错，但说不上杰出。■ sound good and accurate, but not excellent 不错的，扎实的（但说不上出色）◆This was another sound performance by the team.这是该队又一次挺不错的表现。 good3 adjective in good condition/Good work! 状况良好；干得不错！Now is a good time to... 现在是做⋯的合适时机a good idea/reason/question/point 好主意；正当理由；好问题；好的观点a good actor; good at languages; good with your hands 出色的演员；语言能力强；手巧a good person/deed/life 正派人；善行；高尚的生活a good impression/opinion/reputation 良好的印象；赞同的意见；好名声a good boy/girl/dog 乖巧的男孩／女孩；温驯的狗 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ rational 另见rational条good ♦︎ solid ♦︎ sound ♦︎ valid ♦︎ legitimate ♦︎ well foundedThese words all describe sth that has a sensible, logical basis and that there are good reasons for. 这些词均表示合情理的、有充分根据的、理由充足的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a good / solid / sound / valid / legitimate reason / basis◆good / solid / sound / valid evidence◆good / solid / sound advice◆a good / sound / valid / legitimate argument◆a good / sound / valid conclusion◆to have good / sound judgement◆a good / valid / legitimate question / point / excuse◆perfectly good / sound / valid / legitimate■ good sensible, logical and very appropriate to what is being discussed or considered 合情理的；有说服力的；有充分根据的◆'They won't be able to find the way without a map.' 'Good point.'“没有地图他们找不到路的。”“说得对。”◆You'll have to think of a better excuse than that!你得想一个比那更好的借口！◆That's a really good idea.那真是个好主意。◆Students are not allowed to miss classes without good reason.学生无正当理由不许缺课。◆I have good reason to be suspicious.我的怀疑有充足的理由。ⓘ Good is used especially about sb's ideas, statements, questions and reasons for doing sth. * good尤用于修饰某人的想法、陈述、问题和做某事的原因。OPP bad ⇨ wrong 3 ■ solid sensible and logical; having a strong basis in fact or reality 合情理的；有说服力的；坚实的◆Her advice is always solid and practical.她的建议总是有根有据，切合实际。◆There's solid evidence to show he wasn't there when the crime took place.有确凿证据表明案发时他不在现场。◆Their friendship provided a solid foundation for their future together.他们的友谊为他们共同的未来提供了坚实基础。 OPP flimsy ⓘ A flimsy excuse or flimsy evidence is difficult to believe. * flimsy表示难以取信的、站不住脚的，一般与excuse或evidence搭配◆He keeps calling on the flimsiest of pretexts.他不停地说着完全站不住脚的借口。 ▸ solidly adverb ◆Their argument was solidly based on fact.他们的辩论完全以事实为依据。■ sound that you can rely on and that will probably give good results 明智的；合理的；可靠的◆He's a person of very sound judgement.他是一个很有判断力的人。◆The proposal makes sound commercial sense.这项提案从商业角度看完全合情合理。◆Their policies are environmentally sound.他们的政策对环境无害。OPP unsound ⓘ A method that is unsound contains mistakes and cannot be relied on to give good results; an idea or practice that is unsound is not acceptable, especially for moral or political reasons. * unsound形容方法时表示有错误的、靠不住的，形容想法或做法时表示不能接受的，尤因道德或政治原因◆The use of disposable products is considered ecologically unsound.使用一次性产品被认为对生态不利。 ■ valid based on what is logical or true, in a way that supports the decision or claim being made 符合逻辑的；有根据的；确凿的◆The point you make is perfectly valid.你提的论点完全站得住脚。◆Accepting valid criticism is an important part of the learning process.接受合理的批评是学习过程的重要一环。OPP invalid ⓘ An invalid point, criticism, argument, etc. is not based on all the facts, and therefore not correct. * invalid修饰观点、批评、论点等时，表示没有事实依据，因而是不正确的。▸ validity / /vəˈlɪdəti/ / noun [uncountable] ◆Of course we recognize the validity of that argument.我们当然承认那个论证的合理性。■ legitimate / /lɪˈdʒɪtɪmət/ / (rather formal) based on a fair and acceptable reason 正当合理的；合情合理的◆All legitimate grievances should be raised with your line manager.所有合乎情理的不满都应该告诉你的顶头上司。◆The court ruled that celebrities' children were not a legitimate target for press intrusion.法院判定名人子女不应成为媒体侵扰的目标。■ ˌwell ˈfounded (rather formal) having good reasons or evidence to cause or support it 理由充足的；有根据的；有事实依据的◆His fears proved to be well founded.他的恐惧后来证明是有道理的。 pure1 adjective 100% pure cotton 百分百纯棉pure chance 纯属偶然pure ♦︎ solid ♦︎ refinedThese words all describe sth which is not mixed with anything else. 这些词均表示纯的、纯净的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆pure / solid / refined gold / silver◆pure / refined oil■ pure [usually before noun] not mixed with anything else; with nothing added 纯的；纯净的；纯粹的◆These shirts are 100% pure cotton.这些衬衫是百分百纯棉的。◆Classical dance in its purest form requires symmetry and balance.真正的古典舞讲求对称和平衡。■ solid [only before noun] made completely of the material mentioned (that is, the material is not only on the surface) 纯⋯的；全⋯的◆Each piece is individually made in solid gold.每一件都是独立用纯金制成的。 see also solid ⇨ solid ■ refined / /rɪˈfaɪnd/ / [usually before noun](of a substance) made pure by having other substances taken out of it （物质）精炼的，提纯的◆Avoid foods rich in fat or refined sugar.避免摄入高脂或富含精制糖的食物。 material noun material ♦︎ substance ♦︎ chemical ♦︎ gas ♦︎ liquid ♦︎ fluid ♦︎ stuff ♦︎ matter ♦︎ solid ♦︎ elementThese are all words for sth from which other things are made. 这些词均表示材料、原料、物质。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a natural material / substance / chemical / gas◆a chemical substance / element◆organic material / substances / chemicals / liquid / matter / elements◆radioactive material / substances / chemicals / gas / liquid / matter / elements◆a toxic material / substance / chemical / gas / liquid / element◆a flammable material / substance / gas / liquid◆(a) sticky substance / stuff / liquid / fluid / solid◆waste material / chemicals / gas / matter■ material [countable, uncountable] something that things can be made from 材料；原料◆Toxic chemicals and other materials have been found.已查出有毒化学品和其他原料。◆There were bricks, sand and other building materials in the courtyard.院子里有砖、沙子和其他建筑材料。◆Oil is the raw material for plastic.石油是生产塑料的原料。■ substance [countable] a material that has particular qualities 物质；物品◆Psychoactive drugs are chemical substances that act on the brain.精神药物是作用于大脑的化学物质。◆Substances can be divided into elements, compounds and mixtures.物质可分为元素、化合物和混合物。■ chemical [countable] a substance obtained by or used in a chemical process (= a process that involves changes to molecules or atoms) 化学制品；化学品◆This chemical is often used to make cleaning products.这种化学品常用来制作清洁产品。◆Hormones are chemicals that are released in the body and control many important functions.激素是体内释放的化学物质，调控很多重要的机能。■ gas [countable, uncountable] any substance like air that is neither a solid nor a liquid, for example hydrogen or oxygen 气体◆Air is a mixture of gases.空气为混合气体。◆Producing methane gas from organic waste is another extremely practical use of resources.利用有机废物生产沼气是另一种极为切实可行的利用资源的方法。■ liquid [countable, uncountable] a substance that flows freely and is not a solid or a gas, for example water or oil 液体◆She offered me a cup containing a dark brown liquid.她递给我一杯深棕色的液体。◆As the air became warmer the droplets of liquid turned to invisible water vapour.随着空气变热，液滴转化成看不见的水蒸气。▸ liquid adjective ◆Water is liquid at room temperature.水在室温下是液态的。◆The samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen.这些样本冷冻在液态氮中。OPP solid ⇨ solid ■ fluid / /ˈfluːɪd/ / [countable, uncountable] (formal or technical 术语) a liquid; a substance that can flow 液体；流体；液◆The doctor told him to drink plenty of fluids.医生嘱咐他多喝流质。◆The attacker's DNA pattern was identified from a sample of body fluid.袭击者的DNA图谱从体液样本中鉴定了出来。ⓘ Although a fluid is usually a liquid, it can be any substance which can flow, for example a gas or a liquid containing small solid pieces. 尽管fluid通常是liquid，但也有可能是任何流动的物质，如气体或含小块固体的液体。■ stuff [uncountable] (informal) used to refer to a substance or material when you do not know the name, when the name is not important or when it is obvious what you are talking about （用于事物名称不详、无关紧要或所指事物明显时）东西，物品，玩意儿◆What's all that sticky stuff on the carpet?地毯上那黏糊糊的都是什么玩意儿？◆The chairs were covered in some sort of plastic stuff.那些椅子包了某种塑料膜。◆This wine is good stuff.这酒不错。◆ (disapproving) I don't know how you can eat that stuff.我不明白你怎么能吃那种东西。 see also stuff ⇨ thing 3 , thing ⇨ thing 2 ■ matter [uncountable] (formal or physics 物理) a substance or things of a particular sort; physical substance in general that everything in the world consists of; not mind or spirit （某种）东西，物品，材料；（统称）物质◆The soil is rich in organic matter.这里的土壤富含有机物。◆She didn't approve of their choice of reading matter.她不赞同他们挑选的阅读材料。◆The behaviour of matter can be quantified by measures such as weight.物质的特性可以用重量等度量单位来作量化描述。■ solid [countable] a substance or object that is hard or firm, not a liquid or gas 固体◆Is calcium carbonate normally a solid or a liquid?碳酸钙在通常情况下是固体还是液体？◆The baby is not yet on solids (= eating solid food).那婴儿还不能吃固体食物。 see also solid ⇨ solid adj. ■ element [countable] (chemistry 化学) a simple chemical substance that consists of atoms of only one type and cannot be split by chemical means into a simpler substance. Gold, oxygen and carbon are all elements. 元素（如金、氧、碳）◆All chemical substances, whether elements, compounds or mixtures, are made up of three types of particles.所有化学物质，无论是元素、化合物还是混合物，都由三种粒子构成。 |