| 例句 |
sour adj.
⇨ bitter 1 (a sour taste) ⇨ bitter 2 (a sour old woman) ⇨ rotten (sour milk)sour verb
⇨ influencebitter1 adjective a bitter taste 苦味bitter feelings 痛苦的感情bitter ♦︎ pungent ♦︎ sour ♦︎ acrid ♦︎ sharp ♦︎ acidThese words all describe a strong, unpleasant taste or smell. 这些词均表示味道或气味强烈的、令人不适的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a bitter / a pungent / an acrid / a sharp / an acid taste / flavour◆a bitter / a pungent / a sour / an acrid / a sharp / an acid smell / odour◆a bitter / a pungent / an acrid / a sharp scent◆a bitter / a sour / a sharp / an acid fruit◆a pungent / sharp cheese◆pungent / acrid smoke◆to taste bitter / sour / sharp◆to smell bitter / sharp■ bitter (of a taste or smell) strong and usually unpleasant; (of food or drink) having a bitter taste （味道或气味）强烈而令人不适的；（食物或饮料）味苦的◆bitter coffee / chocolate苦咖啡；苦巧克力◆The drink tasted bitter.这种饮料味苦。◆This plant is ignored by livestock because of the bitter taste.因为味苦，家畜不吃这种植物。■ pungent / /ˈpʌndʒənt/ / (of a smell or taste) strong and usually unpleasant; (of food or smoke) having a pungent smell or taste （气味或味道）强烈而令人不适的；（食物）刺激性的，辛辣的；（烟）呛人的，刺鼻的◆the pungent smell of burning rubber烧橡胶的刺鼻气味◆The air was pungent with the smell of spices.空气里充满了各种香料的刺激性气味。■ sour (of a taste) bitter like the taste of a lemon or of fruit that is not ripe; (of food or drink) having a sour taste （味道）酸的；（食物或饮料）有酸味的◆Too much pulp produces a sour wine.过多的果肉会让酒变酸。 OPP sweet ⓘ Sweet food contains sugar or tastes of sugar. * sweet指食物含糖的、甜的◆I need a cup of hot sweet tea.我需要一杯加糖的热茶。◆This wine is too sweet for me.这种葡萄酒对我来说太甜了。 see also sour ⇨ rotten ■ acrid / /ˈækrɪd/ / (of a smell or taste) strong and unpleasant; (of smoke) having an acrid smell （气味或味道）刺激的，难闻的；（烟）呛人的，刺鼻的◆The fog was yellow and acrid and bit at the back of the throat.雾的颜色发黄，气味呛人，直刺喉根。■ sharp (of a taste or smell) strong and slightly bitter; (of food or drink) having a sharp taste （味道或气味）强烈而略苦的，刺鼻的；（食物或饮料）味苦的，辛辣的◆The cheese has a distinctively sharp taste.这奶酪味道很冲。■ acid (of a taste or smell) bitter, like the taste of a lemon or of fruit that is not ripe; (of food or drink) having an acid taste （味道）酸的；（气味）有刺激性的；（食物或饮料）有酸味的◆It's a very juicy fruit with a slightly acid flavour.这种水果多汁，味道略酸。NOTE 辨析 Which word? Bitter, sour, sharp and acid are all used more for tastes. Pungent and acrid are used more for smells. A bitter taste is usually unpleasant, but some people enjoy the bitter flavour of coffee or chocolate. You cannot use any other word to describe this flavour. * bitter、sour、sharp和acid多用以形容味道。pungent和acrid多用以形容气味。bitter表示味苦，通常令人不适，有些人却喜欢咖啡或巧克力的苦味，其他词都不能描述这种味道◆pungent/sour/acrid/sharp/acid coffee/chocolate Sour and acid both describe the taste of a lemon or fruit that is not ripe. Sour is usually a negative term; acid can be negative or simply descriptive. A sharp or pungent flavour is more strong than unpleasant, especially when describing cheese. * sour和acid均指柠檬或未成熟水果的那种酸味。sour通常作贬义；acid既可作贬义，也可作客观描述。sharp或pungent主要强调味道强烈，而非令人不适，在描述奶酪的味道时尤其如此◆bitter/sour/acrid/acid cheese A pungent smell is usually unpleasant, but some people enjoy the pungent smell of rich, spicy food. An acrid smell is always unpleasant; acrid is not used for the smell of food. * pungent指气味有刺激性，通常令人不适，但有些人却喜欢油腻、调料重的食物的浓烈气味。acrid指气味刺激难闻，总是令人不适；acrid不用于形容食物的气味。 bitter2 adjective a bitter taste 苦味bitter feelings 痛苦的感情bitter ♦︎ sour ♦︎ resentful ♦︎ acrimonious ♦︎ embitteredThese words all describe people feeling angry and unhappy after a bad experience. 这些词均表示因糟糕的经历而感到愤愤不平、闷闷不乐。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆bitter / resentful about sth◆bitter / resentful towards sb◆a bitter / a sour / an embittered man◆a sour / resentful expression◆a bitter / an acrimonious debate / dispute / divorce■ bitter (of people) feeling very angry and unhappy because you feel that you have been treated unfairly; (of situations) full of angry feelings and words （人）愤愤不平的；（状况）怨声载道的◆He is very bitter about losing his job.他丢了工作，心里很不服气。◆She bit her lip hard to stop the rush of bitter words.她使劲咬着嘴唇，把到嘴边的刻薄话咽回去了。◆They are locked in a bitter custody battle over their three children.他们为三个孩子的监护权陷入了一场激烈的争夺之中。 see also bitterness ⇨ resentment ▸ bitterly adverb ◆They complained bitterly.他们气愤地抱怨。■ sour feeling or expressing bitterness or disappointment 阴郁的；闷闷不乐的；沮丧的◆She was a sour and disillusioned old woman.她是一个心灰意冷、幻想破灭的老女人。◆The meeting ended on a sour note with several people walking out.数人退场，会议不欢而散。◆As time went by the marriage turned sour.时日推移，这桩婚姻逐渐产生问题。ⓘ Sour is not usually followed by a preposition. * sour后通常不接介词◆She was sour about it. see also sour ⇨ influence verb ▸ sourly adverb ◆'Who asked you?' he said sourly.“谁问你了？”他没好气地说。■ resentful / /rɪˈzentfl/ / (especially written) feeling bitter or angry about sth that you think is unfair 感到气愤的；憎恨的；愤慨的◆She was resentful at having been left out of the team.她对于被摈出团队感到气愤。◆They seemed to be resentful of our presence there.他们好像对我们出现在那里很生气。 see also resent ⇨ resent , resentment ⇨ resentment ▸ resentfully adverb ◆He looked at me resentfully.他满怀怨恨地看着我。NOTE 辨析 Bitter, sour or resentful? Bitter feelings are the strongest and most openly expressed. * bitter所表达的感情最强烈、最公开◆feeling extremely / intensely / very bitter感到极其／非常／十分痛苦◆a bitter laugh / smile苦笑If you feel sour or resentful it may be less obvious. * sour或resentful所表达的感情也许没那么明显◆vaguely / silently resentful略感气愤；生闷气◆resentful eyes满含怨愤的眼神◆a sour face阴郁的脸色 Sour especially describes relationships which may go/turn sour. * go/turn sour尤指关系变坏、恶化。 ■ acrimonious /ˌækrɪˈməʊniəs; NAmE ˌækrɪˈmoʊniəs/ (rather formal) (of a situation) angry and full of strong bitter feelings and words （状况）怨声载道的，恶言相向的◆His parents went through an acrimonious divorce.他的父母在激烈争吵中离了婚。 see also acrimony ⇨ resentment ▸ acrimoniously adverb ◆The relationship ended acrimoniously.这段关系在怨愤中结束了。■ embittered (rather formal, especially written) feeling angry and unhappy about sth over a long period of time （长期）怨愤的，沮丧的，苦恼的◆He died an embittered man.他含怨而终。 rotten adjective ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ smelly 另见smelly条rotten ♦︎ stale ♦︎ sour ♦︎ mouldy ♦︎ bad ♦︎ offThese words all describe food which is no longer fresh. 这些词均表示食物不新鲜的、腐烂的、腐败的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆rotten / stale / mouldy food◆rotten / bad eggs◆stale / mouldy bread◆to go rotten / stale / sour / mouldy / bad / off■ rotten (of natural things such as food or wood) that has decayed and cannot be eaten or used （食物或木头等天然的东西）腐烂的，腐败的，腐朽的◆The fruit is starting to go rotten.水果已经开始腐烂变质了。◆They pelted him with rotten eggs.他们向他扔臭鸡蛋。◆He stepped on a rotten floorboard and felt it give way.他踩到一块腐朽的地板，感觉它要陷下去了。■ stale (of food, especially bread and cake) no longer fresh and therefore unpleasant to eat （食物，尤指面包和糕点）不新鲜的◆There was one piece of stale chocolate cake left in the tin.烤盘里还剩一块不新鲜的巧克力蛋糕。 see also stale ⇨ smelly ■ sour (of milk or sb's breath) having an unpleasant taste or smell because it is not fresh （牛奶）酸腐的，馊的；（人的呼吸）难闻的◆The milk had turned sour.牛奶已经馊了。◆He smelled a sour whiff on the old man's breath.他闻到那老人呼吸中有股臭味儿。 see also sour ⇨ bitter 1 ■ mouldy (BrE) (NAmE moldy) /ˈməʊldi; NAmE ˈmoʊldi/ covered with or containing mould; old and not in good condition 发霉的；破旧的ⓘ Mould is a fine soft green, grey or black substance like fur that grows on old food or on objects that are left in warm wet air. * mould指霉菌◆The potatoes went mouldy before we'd had a chance to use them.我们还没来得及吃，那些土豆就发霉了。◆We threw away all the mouldy old furniture.我们把破旧家具全都扔了。■ bad (of food) not safe to eat because it has decayed （食物）变质的，腐烂的◆The meat had gone bad.这肉已经坏了。◆There was a smell of bad eggs.有一股臭鸡蛋的味道。■ off [not before noun] (BrE) (of food) no longer fresh enough to eat or drink （食物）不新鲜，变质◆The fish had gone off.这鱼已变质了。◆The milk smells off.这奶的味道不对劲。 influence verb ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ affect 另见affect条influence ♦︎ sway ♦︎ prejudice ♦︎ sour ♦︎ poison ♦︎ biasThese words all mean to affect the way that sb thinks or behaves, or to change sb's opinion about sb/sth, especially in a negative or unfair way. 这些词均表示对某人的思想行为施加影响，尤指负面影响。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to influence / sway / prejudice / poison / bias sb / sth against sb / sth◆to influence / sway / bias sb / sth in favour of sb / sth◆to influence / bias sb / sth towards / toward sb / sth◆to influence / sway / bias the result of sth◆to influence / prejudice the outcome of sth◆to influence / sway a decision◆to sour / poison relations / the atmosphere◆to be easily influenced / swayed (by sth)■ influence [transitive] to have an effect on the way that sb behaves or thinks, especially by giving them an example to follow 影响；对⋯起作用◆His writings have influenced the lives of millions.他的著作影响了数百万人的人生。◆Her parents tried to influence her in her choice of career.她的父母试图影响她的职业选择。◆The wording of the question can influence how people answer.问题的措辞会影响人们的回答方式。 see also influence ⇨ affect verb ■ sway [transitive, often passive] to persuade or influence sb to believe sth or do sth, especially when they are forming an opinion or making a decision （尤指在某人形成看法或作决定时）施加影响，使信服◆The panel was not swayed by his arguments.他的论证并未使陪审团信服。◆Don't allow yourself to be swayed by emotion.别让自己为感情所左右。◆The speech was important in swaying public opinion.这场演说在影响舆论方面很重要。■ prejudice [transitive] to persuade or influence sb so that they have an unfair or unreasonable opinion about sb/sth 使怀有（或形成）偏见◆Some argued that the media attention had prejudiced the jury.有些人认为媒体的关注使陪审团形成了偏见。◆Poor handwriting might prejudice people against the applicant.字写得难看有可能让人对申请者产生偏见。 see also prejudiced ⇨ biased adj. ■ sour [intransitive, transitive] (written) (of relationships, attitudes, situations or people) to change so that they become less pleasant or friendly than before; to make sth do this （关系、态度、情况）恶化；（人）变坏；使恶化；使变坏◆The atmosphere in the house had soured.屋子里的气氛不对了。◆The disagreement over trade tariffs soured relations between the two countries.贸易关税上的分歧导致两国关系恶化。 see also sour ⇨ bitter adj. 2 ■ poison [transitive] (written) to change a relationship, situation or opinion so that it becomes unpleasant or unfriendly 使（关系或局面）恶化；使（看法）变差；败坏◆She succeeded in poisoning their minds against me.她如愿使他们仇视我。◆His comment served only to poison the atmosphere still further.他的评论只是令气氛更加恶化了。NOTE 辨析 Sour or poison? Poison is usually stronger than sour. If sth sours a relationship or situation it becomes less pleasant or friendly than before. If sth poisons it, it becomes very unpleasant or unfriendly, often involving strong feelings of anger or dislike. * poison语气通常比sour强烈。sour表示使关系或情况变坏；poison表示使关系或情况变得非常糟糕，常涉及强烈的愤恨或厌恶。■ bias / /ˈbaɪəs/ / [transitive] to have an unfair effect on sb's decisions or opinions; to change the result of sth so that it is not correct 使有偏见；使偏心；使结果产生偏差◆The newspapers have biased people against her.报章的报道使人们对她产生了偏见。◆The use of faulty equipment may have biased the result.可能是使用有缺陷的设备使结果产生了偏差。 see also biased ⇨ biased adj. |