| 例句 |
split verb
⇨ cut 4 (split your head open) ⇨ divide 1 (split into groups) ⇨ divide 2 (The debate has split the country.) ⇨ divorce (split with your wife) ⇨ share (split your money/time between people/places) ⇨ tear (Her dress split.)split noun
⇨ division 1 (a split in the profits) ⇨ division 2 (the split with his wife)cut4 verb cut taxes 减税cut the bread 切面包have your hair cut 理发cut your finger 割破手指cut ♦︎ slash ♦︎ slit ♦︎ split ♦︎ nick ♦︎ gashThese words all mean to make an opening or wound in sth with sth sharp. 这些词均表示切开、划破。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to cut / slash / slit sb's throat / your wrists◆to cut / split your head / lip◆to cut / nick yourself◆to cut / slit / split sth open■ cut (cutting, cut, cut) [transitive] to make an opening or a wound in sth, especially with a sharp tool such as a knife or scissors （尤指用刀、剪等利器）切，割，割破，划破◆She cut her finger on a piece of glass.一块玻璃划破了她的手指。◆He cut himself (= his face) shaving.他刮胡子把脸刮破了。◆Workmen cut a hole in the pipe.工人在管道里凿了一个孔。◆You need a powerful saw to cut through metal.切割金属须用强劲的锯。 see also cut ⇨ injury ■ slash [transitive] to make a long cut with a sharp object, especially in a violent way （用利器）砍，劈◆Someone had slashed the tyres on my car.有人割破了我汽车的轮胎。◆She tried to kill herself by slashing her wrists.她试图割腕自杀。◆We had to slash our way through the undergrowth with sticks.我们挥舞着木棍一路劈砍，才在灌木丛中开出一条路前行。◆He slashed at his opponent with his sword.他挥剑砍向对手。■ slit (slitting, slit, slit) [transitive] to make a long narrow cut or opening in sth 在⋯上开狭长口子；切开；划破◆Slit the roll with a sharp knife.用锋利的刀在面包卷上划开一道口子。◆The victim's throat had been slit.受害者的喉咙被割开了。◆He slit open the envelope and took out the letter.他拆开信封，抽出信来。■ split (splitting, split, split) [transitive] to accidentally cut your skin and make it bleed （意外）划破，割破，碰破（皮肤）◆She fell downstairs and split her head open.她摔下楼梯，把头碰破了。◆How did you split your lip?你怎么把嘴唇划破了？■ nick [transitive] to make a small cut in the surface or edge of sth, especially sb's skin （在⋯表面或边上）划刻痕，使有缺口；使（皮肤）破损◆He nicked himself while shaving.他刮脸时刮了个口子。◆I nicked my finger opening the tin.我开罐头时划破了手指。■ gash [transitive] to make a long deep cut in sth, especially sb's skin 划伤，割伤（皮肤）◆He gashed his hand on a sharp piece of rock.他的手在一块尖石头上划了一个大口子。 see also gash ⇨ injury divide1 verb cells divide/divide sth up into sections 细胞分裂；把某物分成几部分The issue has divided the government. 这个问题在政府中引起了意见分歧。divide ♦︎ break (sth) up ♦︎ split ♦︎ cut sth up ♦︎ subdivide ♦︎ split (sb) up ♦︎ separate (sth) outThese words all mean to become, or to make sth become, two or more parts instead of one whole thing. 这些词均表示分裂、分开或使某物分开。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to divide / break / split / cut sth up◆to divide (sth) / break sth up / split sth / subdivide sth into parts◆to divide (sth) / break sth up / split sth into sections◆to divide (sth) / split sth / cut sth up into pieces◆to divide (sb) / split sb / subdivide sth / split (sb) up into groups◆to divide / split (sth) in two / in half■ divide [intransitive, transitive] to become, or to make sth become, two or more parts or groups instead of one whole thing （使）分开，分散，分割◆The cells began to divide rapidly.细胞开始迅速分裂。◆We reached the point where the river divides in two.我们到了河流的分岔处。◆This report is divided broadly into two parts.这份报告大致分为两部分。◆A sentence can be divided up into meaningful segments.句子可以划分成一些意义单元。■ ˌbreak ˈup ■ ˌbreak sth ˈup phrasal verb (broke, broken)to divide, or to make sth divide, into several smaller parts 散开；解散；拆开；分割◆The grey clouds had begun to break up.乌云开始消散了。◆Much has changed since the Soviet Union broke up.苏联解体后发生了很大的变化。◆Break up the chocolate and place it in a bowl.把巧克力分割成小块放在碗里。◆The ship was broken up for scrap metal.那艘船被拆解成废金属。◆Sentences can be broken up into clauses.一些句子可以分解成从句。■ split (splitting, split, split) [intransitive, transitive] to divide, or to make sth divide, into two or more parts or groups 分开，使分开（成几部分）◆The results split neatly into two groups.结果清晰地分成两类。◆Slate splits easily into thin sheets.板岩很容易分割成薄片。◆Which scientist first split the atom?是哪位科学家最早把原子分裂开来的？◆She split the class into groups of four.她把全班分成若干个四人小组。◆The day was split up into six one-hour sessions.一天的活动分成六个时段，每个时段一小时。NOTE 辨析 Divide, break up or split? Divide is slightly more formal than break up or split. Break up often suggests a degree of force: things break up because people or circumstances have forced them to and they cannot hold together any more. When sth has broken up, or been broken up, it can no longer be considered part of a whole thing. * divide比break up或split稍正式些，break up常暗示一定程度的外力，由于人为或环境的力量，事物无法聚合在一起。某物break up或be broken up之后，就不再被看作整体的一部分◆The empire was broken up into different parts (= it was no longer an empire).这个帝国解体成了不同的国家。◆The empire was divided / split into different parts (= it was still an empire but contained separate areas).这个帝国划分成若干不同的地区。Things usually divide or split because it is natural for them to do so, although this is not always the case with particular collocations: cells divide naturally, but atoms can only be split using a great deal of force. * divide和split通常指事物自然正常分裂，但在一些特定搭配中并非总是如此：细胞分裂(cells divide)属于自然分裂，原子分裂(atoms are split)则需要借助强大的外力。 ■ ˌcut sth ˈup phrasal verb (cutting, cut, cut)to divide sth into small pieces, especially by using a knife or scissors 切碎；剁碎；剪碎◆He cut up the meat on his plate.他在盘子上把肉切成小块。◆I cut the paper up into small segments.我把那张纸剪成小片。■ subdivide /ˈsʌbdɪvaɪd, ˌsʌbdɪˈvaɪd/ [transitive, often passive] (rather formal) to divide sth into smaller parts, especially when it has already been divided once and each part is being divided again 再分割；再分◆Each of the chapters is subdivided into several double-page spreads.每一章又被细分为几个跨页。■ ˌsplit ˈup■ ˌsplit sb ˈup phrasal verb (splitting, split, split)(of a group of people) to separate from each other, either as individuals or in smaller groups; to divide a group of people into smaller groups; to separate two or more people from each other （人群）分成小组，化整为零；拆散◆Let's split up now and meet again at lunchtime.我们现在先分开，午饭时再集合。◆We were split up into groups to discuss the question.我们分组讨论了那个问题。◆You two are talking too much. I'm going to have to split you up.你们俩在一起话太多了，我得把你们分开。■ ˌseparate ˈout■ ˌseparate sth ˈout phrasal verb (of the different parts of sth) to move apart and become separate; to make the different parts of sth do this; to see the difference between things which are different but together （某物的不同部分）分开；分开（不同部分）；区分◆Particles will separate out as the smoke disperses.微粒会随着烟的消散而分离。◆More and more households are separating out recyclable waste.越来越多的家庭开始把可回收利用的垃圾分类。◆We need to separate out fact from speculation.我们需要把事实与猜测区分开来。ⓘ Separate out is used to emphasize that each part can be considered a complete thing in itself. * separate out用于强调每一部分都可看作一个整体◆The particles separate out (= they move away from each other).那些颗粒分散开了。◆The particles will divide (= each particle will become two or more separate parts).那些颗粒将分解成细小的部分。 divide2 verb cells divide/divide sth up into sections 细胞分裂；把某物分成几部分The issue has divided the government. 这个问题在政府中引起了意见分歧。divide ♦︎ split ♦︎ alienate ♦︎ separate ♦︎ be/become estranged ♦︎ come between sb and sbThese words all mean to make people disagree or become emotionally distant from each other. 这些词均表示使人意见分歧或感情疏远。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be divided / split over sth◆to be alienated / estranged from sb◆to be increasingly divided / split / alienated / separated / estranged◆to be deeply divided / split◆to be totally alienated / separated◆to be completely separated / estranged■ divide [transitive](of an issue) to make two or more people disagree （议题）使产生分歧，使意见不一◆The issue has bitterly divided the community.这个问题在该区居民中引起了强烈的意见分歧。◆The government is divided on the question of tax cuts.政府在减税问题上产生了分歧。■ split (splitting, split, split) [intransitive, transitive] to divide into smaller groups that have very different opinions; (of an issue) to make a group of people do this 分裂，使分裂（成不同的派别）；（议题）使产生分歧◆The committee split over government subsidies.在政府补贴问题上，委员会出现了相互对立的意见。◆The debate has split the country down the middle.那场争论把这个国家分成了两大派。NOTE 辨析 Divide or split? Divide suggests that the disagreement may be temporary; if two or more people split, the disagreement may be permanent. Divide is not usually used in this meaning without an object. * divide暗示意见分歧是暂时性的，split则暗示意见分歧可能是永久性的。divide用于此义时通常接宾语。■ alienate / /ˈeɪliəneɪt/ / [transitive] (rather formal) to make sb feel that they do not belong in a particular group 使（与某群体）格格不入；使疏远◆Very talented children may feel alienated from the others in their class.天资出众的孩子可能觉得与班上的同学格格不入。◆It is important that the new policies do not alienate our core supporters.重要的是新政策不会使我们的主要拥护者离我们而去。■ separate [transitive] to make sb/sth different in some way from sb/sth else 区分；区别◆Politics is the only thing that separates us (= that we disagree about).我们之间唯一的分歧在于政治观点。◆Her lack of religious faith separated her from the rest of her family.她缺乏宗教信仰，这使她跟家里的人格格不入。◆Only four points separate the top three teams.领先的三支球队只相差四分。■ be estranged■ become estranged [intransitive] (rather formal) to no longer be, or to stop being, friendly, loyal or in contact with sb, especially sb in your family 变得（与某人，尤其是家人）疏远；断绝联系◆He became estranged from his family after the argument.那场争吵后他便与家人疏远了。■ ˌcome beˈtween sb and sb phrasal verb (came, come) [no passive] to damage a relationship between two people 损害⋯之间的关系；离间◆I'd hate anything to come between us.我不喜欢任何有损我们之间关系的事情。◆Must she always come between us?她干吗非得离间我们？ⓘ The subject of come between sb and sb can be a person, a problem, a feeling, a belief, an argument, a situation or almost anything. * come between sb and sb的主语几乎可以是任何事物，如人、问题、感情、信仰、论点、局势等。 divorce verb divorce ♦︎ break (sth) up ♦︎ split up ♦︎ disband ♦︎ separate ♦︎ split ♦︎ get divorcedThese words all refer to people ending a relationship, especially a romantic one. 这些词均表示结束关系，尤其是婚恋关系。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to break up / split up / split with sb◆to split up / separate / split from sb◆a couple divorces / breaks up / splits up / separates / splits / gets divorced◆a group breaks up / splits up / disbands / splits◆a partnership breaks up / splits up◆to have recently divorced / split up / (been) disbanded■ divorce [transitive, intransitive] to legally end your marriage to sb （与某人）离婚◆She's divorcing her husband.她在与丈夫闹离婚。◆I'd heard they're divorcing.我听说他们要离婚了。 see also divorced ⇨ single ▸ divorce noun [uncountable, countable] ◆The marriage ended in divorce.这桩婚姻以离婚告终。◆They have agreed to get a divorce.他们已同意离婚。■ ˌbreak ˈup ■ ˌbreak sth ˈup phrasal verb (broke, broken)(of a relationship) to come to an end; to end a relationship or business company （关系）结束；（同某人）绝交；解散（公司）◆Their marriage has broken up.他们的婚姻已经破裂。◆My brother has broken up with his girlfriend.我哥哥和女友分手了。◆They decided to break up the partnership (= in business).他们决定拆伙。▸ ˈbreak-up noun [countable] ◆family break-ups家庭破裂◆the break-up of the company公司的解散■ ˌsplit ˈup phrasal verb (rather informal) (splitting, split, split)to end a relationship with sb （和某人）断绝关系，分手◆My parents split up last year.我父母去年离婚了。◆She's split up with her boyfriend.她和男朋友分手了。NOTE 辨析 Break up or split up?People or a marriage or relationship can break up and it can refer to a personal or a business relationship. Only people can split up and it usually refers to a personal relationship. * break up的主语可以是人或marriage、relationship，指结束人际或生意关系。split up的主语只能是人，通常指断绝人际关系。■ disband / /dɪsˈbænd/ / [transitive, intransitive] (rather formal) to stop sb/sth from operating as a group; to separate or no longer operate as a group 解散；解体；散伙◆They set about disbanding the terrorist groups.他们开始着手瓦解恐怖主义组织。◆The committee formally disbanded last year.该委员会于去年正式解散。■ separate / /ˈsepəreɪt/ / [intransitive] to stop living as a couple with your husband, wife or partner 分居◆He separated from his wife after 20 years of marriage.他和妻子在结婚20年后分居了。◆They separated last year.他们去年分居了。 see also separated ⇨ single ▸ separation noun [countable, uncountable] ◆a legal separation合法分居◆She would not consider separation or divorce.她不会考虑分居或离婚。■ split (splitting, split, split) [intransitive] (rather informal, especially journalism 尤用于新闻) to leave sb and stop having a relationship with them （和某人）断绝关系，分手；离开（某人）◆The singer split with his wife last June.那歌手去年6月和妻子分开了。◆She intends to split from the band at the end of the tour.她打算在巡回演出结束后离开乐队。ⓘ Split is used especially in newspapers and can refer to personal or business relationships, especially when one person takes the decision to leave. * split尤用于报章，指断绝人际或生意关系，尤指有一人决定离开的情况。■ ˌget diˈvorced phrase (getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten)to legally end your marriage to sb 离婚◆They're getting divorced.他们在办离婚。◆People get divorced nowadays more than they used to.现在人们的离婚率比过去提高了。 see also divorced ⇨ single NOTE 辨析 Divorce or get divorced?One person can divorce another person, but get divorced usually refers to an action by two people. 可以说A divorce B，但get divorced的主语通常是两个人◆She divorced her husband last year.她去年与丈夫离婚了。◆They got divorced last year.他们去年离婚了。You can, however, use be divorced from sb. 然而与某人离婚可使用be divorced from sb◆She is divorced from the boy's father.她跟那男孩的父亲离婚了。When there is no object either divorce or get divorced may be used, but get divorced is more common in spoken English. 在不接宾语的情况下，divorce或get divorced都可使用，只是get divorced更常用于口语。 share verb share ♦︎ divide ♦︎ split ♦︎ pool ♦︎ carve sth upThese words all mean to separate sth into parts or to collect things together so that different people can have a part of it or can use it. 这些词均表示共有、分配、分摊。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to share sth / divide sth / split sth / carve sth up between / among different people◆to share / split / pool sth with sb◆to share / divide / split the money / work◆to share / divide the spoils / booty◆to divide / split your time◆to share / divide / split sth equally / evenly■ share [transitive, intransitive] to have or use sth at the same time as sb else; to give some of what you have to sb else or let sb use sth that is yours; to separate sth into parts so that two or more people can have a part of it 共有；分享；分配；分摊◆She shares a house with three other students.她和另外三个学生合住一所房子。◆There isn't an empty table. Would you mind sharing?没有空桌子了。你愿不愿意拼桌？◆Tom shared his chocolate with the other kids.汤姆把他的巧克力分给别的孩子吃。◆The conference is a good place to share information and exchange ideas.研讨会是互通信息、交流思想的好场所。◆The old man shared his money out among his six grandchildren.老人把钱分给自己的六个孙子孙女。■ divide [transitive] to separate and share sth; to use different parts of sth for different activities or purposes 分配；分享；分担；把⋯分别用于◆The story is about a father who divides his property among his sons.这个故事讲的是一个父亲给儿子们分配财产的事。◆Jen divided up the rest of the cash.珍把余下的现金分了。◆He divides his energies between politics and business.他把精力一部分用在政治上，一部分用在生意上。 see also division ⇨ division 1 ■ split (splitting, split, split) [transitive] (rather informal) to separate and share sth between different people, things or places 分担；分摊；分享◆She split the money she won with her brother.她把赢得的钱与弟弟分了。◆Four of us live here and we split all the bills four ways.我们四个人住在这儿，所有费用都是平均分摊。◆His time is split between the London and Paris offices.他一半时间在伦敦办事处，一半时间在巴黎办事处。 see also split ⇨ division 1 NOTE 辨析 Share, divide or split?Things are shared between people; things can be divided between people, uses or places or split between people, things or places. Divide is often used to talk about things that are considered very important, such as land and large amounts of money. Use share to talk about things that are not so important. * share表示若干人合用或共享某物；divide所指涉的对象是人、用处或场所；split所指涉的对象是人、事物或场所。divide常指分配十分重要的东西，如土地或大笔款项。share指分享不太重要的东西◆He shared his sweets out among his four friends.他把糖果和四个朋友一起分着吃了。◆He divided his sweets among his four friends. Split is used in less formal contexts to talk about money, time or work. * split用于不太正式的语境，指分配或分摊金钱、时间或工作。 ■ pool [transitive] to collect money, information, etc. from different people so that it can be used by all of them 把资金（或信息等）集中起来共用◆The students work individually, then pool their ideas in groups of six.学生先分头工作，然后六人一组交流心得。◆Police forces across the country are pooling resources in order to solve this crime.全国各地警方集中资源以侦破这宗罪案。ⓘ People pool things in order to increase their chance of success in a particular shared aim. Common collocates are connected with money (for example funds), information ( knowledge, ideas, results) and other useful or desirable things ( talent, efforts, resources, etc.). * pool表示集中共用资源，以便提高实现某个共同目标的成功几率，常见搭配词涉及金钱（如fund）、信息（如knowledge、idea、result）和其他有用或想要的东西（如talent、effort、resources等）。 see also pool ⇨ supply noun ■ ˌcarve sth ˈup phrasal verb (disapproving) to divide sth such as a company or an area of land into smaller parts in order to share it among a small group of people, companies or countries, and not let those outside the group have any 瓜分◆They have been accused of carving up the industry for their own benefit.他们被控为谋求私利而瓜分了该行业。◆The territory was carved up by the colonizing powers.该国领土被殖民列强瓜分了。 tear /teə(r); NAmE ter/ verb tear ♦︎ rip ♦︎ split ♦︎ shred ♦︎ pull sth apartThese words all mean to damage sth by pulling it in different directions or cutting it into pieces on sth sharp. 这些词均表示撕裂、撕碎、戳破。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达撕开的程度| split | ➔ | tear | ➔ | rip | ➔ | shred | | | | | | | pull sth apart |
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to tear / rip sth from / out of sth◆to tear / rip / pull sth apart◆to tear / rip sth up / open◆to tear / rip / shred paper◆to tear / rip your clothes◆to tear / rip / split your trousers / pants / jeans◆to tear / rip a hole in sth◆to tear / rip sth in two / to shreds / to pieces■ tear (tore, torn) [transitive, intransitive] to damage sth by pulling it apart or by cutting it on sth sharp; to be damaged in this way; to make a hole in sth by force 撕裂；撕碎；扯破；戳破◆I tore my jeans on the fence.我的牛仔裤被篱笆剐破了。◆He tore the package open.他把包裹撕开。◆She tore a page from her notebook.她从记事本上撕下一张纸。◆She tore up the letter (= tore it into small pieces).她把信撕得粉碎。◆His jacket had been torn to shreds on the barbed wire.他的夹克被带刺铁丝网撕成一条条的。◆The dogs tore the fox apart.那些狗把狐狸撕咬开。◆He tore at the meat with his bare hands.他徒手把肉撕开。◆Careful－this fabric tears very easily.小心，这种织物极易撕破。◆I tore a hole in my shirt.我把我的衬衫弄破了一个洞。▸ tear noun [countable] ◆This sheet has a tear in it.这条床单上有个破洞。■ rip (-pp-) [transitive, intransitive] to tear sth or become torn, often suddenly or violently （常突然或猛烈地）撕破，裂开◆The flag had been ripped in two.那面旗子被撕成两半。◆I heard the tent rip.我听到帐篷裂开的声音。◆A bullet ripped into his shoulder.一颗子弹射进了他的肩膀。◆The nail ripped a hole in my jacket.钉子把我的夹克划开一个洞。▸ rip noun ◆The jacket had a rip in the sleeve.夹克袖子上破了一道口子。NOTE 辨析 Tear or rip? Ripping is usually more violent than tearing. Both verbs, but especially rip, are often used with a preposition or adverb to show violent movement as the thing is ripped/torn. * rip通常比tear动作更剧烈。这两个动词，尤其是rip，通常与介词或副词连用，显示东西被撕开时的剧烈动作。■ split (splitting, split, split; -tt-) [intransitive, transitive](of fabric or wood) to tear or open along a straight line; to make sth tear or open in this way （织物或木头受力）裂开；使（织物或木头）裂开◆Her dress had split along the seam.她的连衣裙顺着接缝裂开了。◆The cushion split open and sent feathers everywhere.垫子撕破了，羽毛掉得到处都是。◆I was put to work splitting wood for the fire.我给指派去把木头劈成柴火。■ shred (-dd-) [transitive] to cut or tear paper, fabric or vegetables into lots of small pieces 切碎，撕碎（纸、织物或蔬菜）◆Serve the fish on a bed of shredded lettuce.先铺一层碎生菜叶，再把鱼放上，就可以上桌了。◆He was accused of shredding documents relating to the case.他被指控用碎纸机销毁了与此案有关的文件。ⓘ Shredding paper is usually done in a machine called a shredder or shredding machine; if you do it with your hands you tear/rip it up. 碎纸机称为shredder或shredding machine；如果用手将纸撕碎可以说tear/rip it up。 see also shred ⇨ fragment noun ■ ˌpull sth aˈpart phrasal verb to separate sth into pieces by pulling different parts of it in different directions 拆散；拆卸；撕成几块◆The wolves will pull the carcass apart.那些狼会将动物尸体撕开。◆It is wise to pull the gearbox apart only when absolutely necessary.只有在绝对必要的情况下才拆卸变速箱，这才是明智之举。ⓘ Pulling sth apart may involve force or violence, but does not have to. * pull sth apart可能会使用武力或暴力，但并非总是如此。 division1 noun a clear division between things 事物间的明显差别a political division between people 人与人之间的政治分歧division ♦︎ separation ♦︎ isolation ♦︎ segregation ♦︎ quarantine ♦︎ split ♦︎ partition ♦︎ dissolutionThese are all words for the act or result of dividing things or people. 这些词均表示分离、分隔、隔开。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆division / separation / isolation / segregation from sb / sth◆(a) division / separation / segregation / split between sth and sth else◆(a) division / separation / segregation / split into parts◆(a) division / isolation / segregation within sth◆strict division / separation / isolation / segregation / quarantine◆(a) clear division / separation / split◆complete separation / isolation / segregation■ division [uncountable, singular] the act or result of dividing, or of dividing sth into separate parts 分开；分隔；分配◆The organism begins as a single cell and grows by cell division.这种生物始于单细胞，并通过细胞分裂而生长。◆We need to ensure a fair division of time and resources.我们需要确保时间和资源的合理分配。◆In many traditional societies, the division of labour between the sexes is strict.在许多传统社会里，男女分工非常严格。 see also divide ⇨ share verb ■ separation [uncountable, singular] the act of separating people or things; the state of being separate 分开；分割；分离◆Many years passed before the state's eventual separation from the federation.过了许多年那个州才最终脱离了联邦。◆He argued for the need for a clear separation between Church and State.他据理力争政教彻底分离的必要性。 see also separate ⇨ separate verb 1 2 , separate ⇨ disperse ■ isolation / /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃn/ / [uncountable] complete separation from other people, groups or things 隔离；孤立◆The country has been threatened with complete isolation from the international community unless the atrocities stop.这个国家已经受到了完全被国际社会孤立的威胁，除非其暴行得以遏止。◆He lives in splendid isolation (= far from, or in a superior position to, everyone else).他过着超然不群的生活。 see also isolate ⇨ isolate NOTE 辨析 Separation or isolation? Separation is the more general of these words. Isolation is used when discussing a country or its politics: collocates include diplomatic, geographical, political and international. This kind of isolation is usually seen as a bad thing; separation (for example between Church and State or between the executive and the judiciary in government) is often seen as a good thing. Isolation is also used in the context of preventing the spread of infectious diseases. 这两个词中separation较为宽泛；isolation用来谈论国家或政治，搭配词包括diplomatic、geographical、political和international。isolation用于此义时通常被看作是坏事；separation between Church and State（政教分离）或separation between the executive and the judiciary（行政与司法分离）等则常被看作是好事。isolation也指隔离以防传染病扩散◆an isolation hospital / ward隔离医院／病房 ■ segregation / /ˌsegrɪˈgeɪʃn/ / [uncountable] the act or policy of separating people of different races, religions or sexes and treating them differently 隔离政策；（对不同种族、宗教或性别的人采取的）隔离并区别对待◆The social structure was based on the policy of racial segregation.这种社会结构是依照种族隔离政策建立的。◆Segregation by sex and age is relatively common in these societies.按照性别和年龄而实施隔离的做法在这些社会中是比较常见的。ⓘ In formal language segregation can also be the act of separating people or things from a larger group. 在正式语言中，segregation也可指把人或事物从较大的群体中分离出来的做法◆the segregation of smokers and non-smokers in restaurants把餐馆中的吸烟者与非吸烟者分隔开的做法 see also segregate ⇨ isolate , discrimination , apartheid ⇨ discrimination ■ quarantine / /ˈkwɒrəntiːn; NAmE ˈkwɔːrəntiːn, ˈkwɑːrəntiːn/ [uncountable] a period of time when an animal or person that has or may have a disease is kept away from others in order to prevent the disease from spreading （为防止疾病传染而实施的）隔离期，检疫期◆The dog was kept in quarantine for six months.这只狗被检疫隔离了六个月。◆Quarantine regulations have been introduced.检疫的规定已经实施。 see also quarantine ⇨ isolate ■ split [singular] (rather informal) a division between two or more things; one of the parts that sth is divided into 划分；分割；份额◆He demanded a 50-50 split in the profits.他要求利润对半分。 see also split ⇨ share verb ■ partition /pɑːˈtɪʃn; NAmE pɑːrˈtɪʃn/ [uncountable] the division of one country into two or more countries 分割（国家）；分治；瓜分◆The effects of the partition of Germany can still be seen today.对德国的分割所造成的影响如今依然可见。 see also partition ⇨ separate verb 2 ■ dissolution /ˌdɪsəˈluːʃn/ / [uncountable] (rather formal) the act of breaking up an organization, institution or other group 解体；瓦解；分裂◆The company was set up following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.这家公司是在苏联解体之后成立的。 division2 noun a clear division between things 事物间的明显差别a political division between people 人与人之间的政治分歧division ♦︎ split ♦︎ rift ♦︎ alienation ♦︎ schism ♦︎ distance ♦︎ disunity ♦︎ estrangementThese are all words for disagreements or differences between people or groups of people. 这些词均表示人与人之间的分歧或差异。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆division / a split / a rift / a schism / distance / disunity / estrangement between people or groups◆division / disunity among people or groups◆division / a split / a rift / a schism / disunity within a group◆a split / rift with sb◆a split / alienation / distance / estrangement from sb◆(a / an) deep / serious / internal / ideological division / split / rift◆(a) growing division / split / rift / alienation / distance / estrangement◆(a) political division / split / rift / alienation / disunity◆to cause / lead to divisions / a split / a rift / alienation / a schism◆to create divisions / a rift / a distance◆to heal divisions / a split / a rift■ division [countable, uncountable] a disagreement or difference in opinion or way of life, especially between members of a society or organization （尤指社会或组织成员之间的）分歧，不和，差异◆We need to work together to heal the divisions within society.我们需要共同努力来弥合社会内部的分歧。◆The party was weakened by division between various factions.该政党因不同派系之间的分歧而被削弱。■ split [countable] (rather informal) a disagreement that divides a group of people or makes sb separate from sb else, usually permanently （通常指永久性的）分歧，分裂，分离◆A damaging split within the party leadership has occurred.该党的领导层内部已经出现了破坏性的分歧。◆He found it difficult to cope in the years following his bitter split with his wife.在与妻子痛苦分手后的那些年他觉得很艰难。■ rift [countable] a disagreement that divides people or makes sb separate from sb else, not always permanently （未必永久性的）分歧，分裂，分离◆The rift within the party deepens.该党内部的分歧加深了。◆Efforts to heal the rift between the two countries have failed.弥合两国间分歧的各种努力都已失败。NOTE 辨析 Split or rift?A rift is a serious disagreement that often leads to a split, when two people or groups, or the members of a group actually separate. A rift is more likely to be healed than a split. * rift所指的分歧十分严重，常会导致两个人、两个群体或群体成员分道扬镳(split)。rift比split更有可能被弥合(heal)。■ alienation / /ˌeɪliəˈneɪʃn/ / [uncountable] a situation in which sb becomes less friendly or sympathetic towards you; a situation in which sb feels that they do not belong in a particular group 疏远；不友好；（与某群体）格格不入◆The new policy resulted in the alienation of many voters.新政策导致许多选民疏远了。◆Many immigrants suffer from a feeling of alienation.许多移民因感到不能融入当地社会而苦恼。■ schism / /ˈskɪzəm, ˈsɪzəm/ [countable, uncountable] (formal) a split within an organization, especially a religious one, that makes its members divide into separate groups 分裂；宗派活动；（尤指）教会分裂◆The disagreement eventually led to a schism within the Church.这一分歧最终导致了教会内部的分裂。◆By 1914 the party was dangerously close to schism.到1914年，该党已濒临分裂的危险境地。■ distance [uncountable, countable] a situation in which there is a lack of friendly feelings or of a close relationship between two people or groups of people 冷淡；疏远◆He worried about the increasing distance between his children and himself.他对自己与子女之间关系的日益疏远感到担忧。◆The coldness and distance in her voice took me by surprise.她话语中透出的冷淡和疏远使我感到意外。 see also distant ⇨ cold 2 ■ disunity /dɪsˈjuːnəti/ / [uncountable] (formal) a lack of agreement between people 不统一；不团结；不和◆Disunity among opposition groups will prevent real change from happening.各反对党之间的不和将妨碍推行真正的变革措施。 OPP unity ⇨ agreement 2 ■ estrangement / /ɪˈstreɪndʒmənt/ / [uncountable, countable] (formal) the situation of being estranged (= no longer living with, friendly with or involved with sb/sth that used to be important to you) 疏远；分居（期）◆A period of estrangement from his wife had left him feeling isolated and alone.与妻子分居的生活使他感到孤独和寂寞。◆The misunderstanding had caused a seven-year estrangement between them.那场误会使他们有七年时间不相往来。 see also estranged ⇨ single |