| 例句 |
weaken verb
⇨ weaken (weaken sb's position) ⇨ tire (Her legs began to weaken.) ⇨ undermine (weaken sb's resolve) ⇨ worsen (sb's authority weakens) weaken verb ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ worsen 另见worsen条weaken ♦︎ make sth worse ♦︎ add to sth ♦︎ compound ♦︎ exacerbate ♦︎ aggravateThese words all mean to make sb/sth weaker or worse in some way. 这些词均表示使更虚弱、使恶化。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to add to / compound / exacerbate / aggravate a problem◆to add to / compound / exacerbate / aggravate worries / concerns◆to add to / exacerbate / aggravate tensions◆to compound / exacerbate / aggravate a situation◆to make a problem / a situation worse◆to seriously weaken / add to / compound / exacerbate / aggravate sth◆to greatly weaken / add to / exacerbate / aggravate sth◆to only add to / compound / exacerbate / aggravate sth◆to only make sth worse■ weaken [transitive] (rather formal) to make sb/sth less strong or powerful 使虚弱；削弱◆The team has been weakened by injury.该队因伤实力减弱。◆The new evidence weakens the case against her.新的证据削弱了指控她的案由。◆This new story has severely weakened the President's position.这条新闻严重削弱了总统的地位。 OPP strengthen ⇨ strengthen ■ make sth ˈworse phrase (made, made) (rather informal) to cause a problem or situation to be more difficult or less hopeful than it was before 使（问题或形势）更糟；使恶化◆Don't tell her that－you'll only make things worse.别把这件事告诉她－你只会火上浇油。◆To make matters worse, the value of homes has dropped dramatically.更糟糕的是，房产价值急剧下降。■ ˈadd to sth phrasal verb to make a problem or bad feeling worse by introducing new difficulties to the situation 使（问题或不良情绪）更糟；使恶化◆The bad weather only added to our difficulties.恶劣的天气使我们的处境愈加困难。■ compound / /kəmˈpaʊnd/ / [transitive, often passive] (rather formal, written) to make a problem, situation or feeling worse or more extreme by introducing new difficulties or facts 使（问题、形势或情绪）加重；使恶化◆The problems were compounded by severe food shortages.严重的食品短缺使问题恶化。■ exacerbate / /ɪgˈzæsəbeɪt; NAmE ɪgˈzæsərbeɪt/ [transitive] (formal) to make an illness, problem or difficult situation worse 使（病情、问题或困难）恶化；加重◆The symptoms may be exacerbated by certain drugs.这些症状可能会因为某些药物而加重。◆His aggressive reaction only exacerbated the situation.他的挑衅行为只会使情况恶化。 OPP alleviate ⇨ ease ■ aggravate /ˈægrəveɪt/ / [transitive] (formal) to make an illness, problem or difficult situation worse 使（病情、问题或困难）恶化；加重◆He aggravated an old shoulder injury during the win against Chelsea.他在击败切尔西的比赛中加剧了肩上的旧伤。◆Military intervention will only aggravate the conflict even further.军事干预只会使冲突进一步恶化。OPP alleviate ⇨ ease NOTE 辨析 Exacerbate or aggravate?There is very little difference in meaning or use between these words. However, aggravate collocates much more strongly with injury. 这两个词在含义和用法上差别很小，但是与injury搭配时大多用aggravate◆He exacerbated an old shoulder injury. tire verb tire ♦︎ exhaust ♦︎ wear sb/yourself out ♦︎ weaken ♦︎ tire sb/yourself outThese words all mean to make sb/yourself feel tired and want to sleep or rest. 这些词均表示使感到疲劳、使疲倦、使困倦。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to tire / exhaust yourself◆to wear / tire yourself out■ tire [intransitive, transitive] (rather formal) to become tired and feel as if you want to sleep or rest; to make sb feel this way （使）疲劳，疲倦，困倦◆Her legs were beginning to tire.她的双腿开始感到累了。◆He has made a good recovery but he still tires easily.他已经康复得不错，但仍易感疲劳。◆Long conversations tired her.长谈让她感到疲倦。■ exhaust / /ɪgˈzɔːst/ / [transitive] to make sb feel very tired 使筋疲力尽；使疲惫不堪◆Even a short walk exhausted her.即使走一小段路也让她疲惫不堪了。■ ˌwear sb ˈout■ ˌwear yourself ˈout phrasal verb to make sb/yourself feel very tired 使疲乏；使筋疲力尽；使厌烦◆The kids have totally worn me out.孩子们真是把我烦透了。◆You'll wear yourself out if you carry on like this.你要是继续这样下去，身体会吃不消的。■ weaken [intransitive, transitive] to become or to make sb/sth physically weaker （使）虚弱，衰弱◆He began to weaken as his opponent continued the onslaught.对手继续猛攻，他开始变得虚弱了。◆The explosion had weakened the building's foundations considerably.爆炸极大地削弱了这座楼房的地基。OPP strengthen ⇨ strengthen ■ ˌtire sb ˈout■ ˌtire yourself ˈout phrasal verb (rather informal, especially spoken) to make sb/yourself feel very tired 使感到筋疲力尽；使感到疲惫不堪◆Working twelve hour shifts would really tire me out.十二个小时轮班工作会累坏我的。NOTE 辨析 Exhaust, wear sb/yourself out or tire sb/yourself out?There is very little difference in meaning between these words. Exhaust is the most frequent, and the most suitable for use in formal writing, but it can be used in less formal contexts too. Tire sb/yourself out is the least formal, used mostly in spoken English. 这三个词含义差别很小。exhaust使用最为频繁，最适用于正式的写作，但亦可用于不太正式的场合。tire sb/yourself out最不正式，主要用于口语。 undermine verb undermine ♦︎ erode ♦︎ weaken ♦︎ sap ♦︎ wear sb/sth downThese words all mean to gradually make sth weaker. 这些词均表示逐渐削弱。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to undermine / erode / weaken / sap sb's confidence / morale◆to undermine / erode / weaken sb's position◆to weaken / wear down sb's resistance■ undermine [transitive] to make sth, especially sb's confidence or authority, gradually weaker or less effective 逐渐削弱（信心、权威等）；使逐步减少效力◆The director saw this move as an attempt to undermine his authority.经理认为此举是想削弱他的权威。◆This crisis threatens to undermine the very foundations of social life.这场危机可能会损害社会生活的根基。ⓘ Things that can be undermined include sb's authority, credibility, faith, belief, confidence or morale or the foundations, security or stability of sth. * undermine的宾语可以是某人的authority、credibility、faith、belief、confidence或morale，或是某事物的foundation、security或stability。■ erode /ɪˈrəʊd; NAmE ɪˈroʊd/ [transitive, intransitive] (rather formal, especially business 尤用于商业) to gradually destroy the value of sth or people's confidence in sth 逐渐损害（价值或信心）；毁坏；削弱◆Price rises have eroded profit margins.价格上涨使利润减少了。◆We live in a world whose moral base has been eroded.我们生活在一个道德基础已变得薄弱的世界。ⓘ Things that can be eroded include profits, profitability, margins, revenues, the value of sth, sb's confidence or support. * erode的宾语可以是profit、profitability、margin、revenue、the value of sth、sb's confidence或support。■ weaken [intransitive, transitive] to become or make sb less determined or certain about sth; to make sb's position of authority weaker 使（决心或确信度）减弱；动摇；削弱◆She felt herself beginning to weaken in the face of his persuasion.面对他的劝说，她觉得自己开始犹豫了。◆Nothing could weaken his resolve to continue.什么也不能动摇他继续下去的决心。◆This new scandal has severely weakened the President's position.这桩新丑闻已严重动摇了总统的地位。■ sap (-pp-) [transitive] to make sb/ sth less strong; to gradually destroy sb's energy, confidence or enthusiasm 使虚弱；削弱（体力、信心或热情）◆The hot sun sapped our energy.火辣辣的太阳烤得我们虚弱无力。◆Years of failure have sapped him of his confidence.连年失败使他逐渐丧失了自信。ⓘ Things that can be sapped include sb's strength, energy, vitality, enthusiasm, will, confidence and morale. * sap的宾语可以是某人的strength、energy、vitality、enthusiasm、will、confidence和morale。■ ˌwear sb/sth ˈdown phrasal verb (wore, worn)to make sb/sth weaker or less determined, especially by continually attacking or putting pressure on them/it over a period of time （尤指通过不断攻击或施加压力）使衰弱，使意志薄弱◆Her persistence paid off and she eventually wore me down.她锲而不舍取得成功，终于使我服输了。◆This relentless pressure began to wear down their resistance.这种无情的压力开始瓦解他们的抵抗。 worsen verb ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ weaken 另见weaken条worsen ♦︎ get worse ♦︎ weaken ♦︎ deteriorate ♦︎ decline ♦︎ slip ♦︎ degenerate ♦︎ fail ♦︎ relapseThese words all mean to get smaller, weaker or worse in some way. 这些词均表示某方面减弱、衰退或恶化。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to deteriorate / degenerate / relapse into sth◆sb's health worsens / gets worse / deteriorates / declines / fails◆a situation worsens / gets worse / deteriorates / degenerates◆conditions worsen / get worse / deteriorate◆the weather worsens / gets worse / deteriorates◆sales weaken / deteriorate / decline / slip◆sb / sth's popularity weakens / declines / slips◆quality deteriorates / declines / slips◆to worsen / weaken / deteriorate / decline / degenerate rapidly◆to worsen / weaken / deteriorate / decline significantly / steadily◆to worsen / weaken / decline / slip considerably◆to worsen / weaken / decline slightly◆to worsen / deteriorate / decline dramatically◆to get steadily / considerably / slightly worse■ worsen [intransitive] (rather formal) to become worse 变得更坏；变得更糟；恶化◆The political situation is steadily worsening.政治局势在持续恶化。◆Her symptoms have worsened considerably since we last saw her.自从我们上次见她，她的症状严重了很多。OPP improve ⇨ improve 2 ■ get ˈworse phrase (getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten) (rather informal, especially spoken) to worsen; to become even more ill 变得更坏；变得更糟；（病情）加重◆Things are just getting worse and worse.事情变得越来越糟。◆If he gets any worse we'll call the doctor.要是他病情加重，我们就请医生。OPP get better ⇨ improve 2 ■ weaken [intransitive] to become less strong or powerful 变得虚弱（或衰弱）；减弱◆His authority is steadily weakening.他的权力日趋减弱。 OPP strengthen ⇨ strengthen ■ deteriorate / /dɪˈtɪəriəreɪt; NAmE dɪˈtɪriəreɪt/ [intransitive] (rather formal) to become worse 恶化；变坏；退化◆The overall quality of rivers and canals has deteriorated.河流和运河的整体质量已经恶化。◆The discussion quickly deteriorated into an angry argument.这场讨论迅速演变成愤怒的争吵。OPP improve ⇨ improve 2 NOTE 辨析 Worsen or deteriorate?In many cases you can use either word. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用◆sb's health / a situation / conditions / the weather / a relationship worsen(s) / deteriorate(s)某人的健康／状况／条件／天气／关系恶化 Worsen is often used to talk about particular problems, represented by countable nouns, including problem, crisis, position and symptom. * worsen常指特定问题恶化，与problem、crisis、position和symptom等可数名词搭配◆Her symptoms have deteriorated considerably. Deteriorate is often used to talk about more general things, represented by uncountable nouns, including life, work, behaviour, morale and quality; it is also used in the phrase sth deteriorates into sth. * deteriorate常用于较一般的事情，与life、work、behaviour、morale和quality等不可数名词搭配。deteriorate还可用于短语sth deteriorates into sth◆The overall quality of rivers and canals has worsened. ◆The discussion worsened into an angry argument. ■ decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ / [intransitive] (rather formal) to become weaker 下降；衰弱；衰退◆Support for the party continues to decline.对该党的支持持续下降。◆Her health was declining rapidly.她的健康状况迅速恶化。ⓘ In this meaning decline is used to talk about sb's health, the economic strength of a country, area or industry, or support for sb/sth. Collocates include health, economy, industry, fortunes, prosperity, support and popularity. There is a closely related meaning of decline, 'to become lower in level or number'. 表达此义时，decline指某人的健康状况恶化，某国家、地区或某行业的经济衰退，或对某人、某事的支持下降。搭配词有health、economy、industry、fortunes、prosperity、support和popularity。decline的另一相关含义是“水平降低或数量减少”。 see also decline ⇨ reduction noun ■ slip (-pp-) [intransitive] (rather informal, especially business 尤用于商业) to fall to a slightly lower level; to become gradually worse 稍为下降；退步；逐渐变差◆His popularity has slipped recently.近来他已不如过去那样受欢迎。◆That's three times she's beaten me－I must be slipping!她已经赢我三回了－我一定是退步了！◆Pre-tax profits slipped to $3.7 million, from $3.9 million the previous year.税前利润从上一年的390万元滑落到370万元。■ degenerate / /dɪˈdʒenəreɪt/ / [intransitive] (rather formal) to change into sth worse 恶化；蜕变；衰退◆The march rapidly degenerated into a riot.示威游行迅速演变成了暴动。ⓘ Degenerate is most often used in the phrase degenerate into sth. Typical collocations include degenerate into a conflict/a riot/a battle/chaos/violence/a farce/a brawl. * degenerate最常用于短语degenerate into sth。常见的搭配有degenerate into a conflict/a riot/a battle/chaos/violence/a farce/a brawl（演变成一场冲突／暴动／战斗／混乱／暴力事件／闹剧／斗殴事件）。■ fail [intransitive] (used especially in the progressive tenses 尤用于进行时) (of sb's health or sight) to become weak （健康或视力）衰退◆Her eyesight is failing.她的视力日渐衰退。◆His last months in office were marred by failing health.由于健康恶化，他任职最后几个月的工作受到了影响。■ relapse / /rɪˈlæps/ / [intransitive] (rather formal) to go back into a worse state of health after making an improvement 旧病复发◆Two days after leaving the hospital she relapsed into a coma.出院两天后，她再度昏迷。 OPP recover ⇨ recover 1 ▸ relapse /rɪˈlæps, ˈriːlæps/ noun [countable, uncountable] ◆to have / suffer a relapse旧病复发 |