英语词汇“false”的释义、区别辨析及用法例句-英语同义词词典

false adj.
⇨ false (false modesty) ⇨ artificial 1 (false teeth) ⇨ so-called (a false passport) ⇨ wrong 1 (a false name) ⇨ false impression ⇨ illusion noun

false

adjective

false

♦︎

hollow

♦︎

insincereThese words all describe people saying or doing things that they do not really mean or believe. 这些词均表示表里不一的、不真诚的。

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配

◆false / hollow / insincere words

◆a false / a hollow / an insincere smile

◆a false / hollow promise

◆to look / sound / ring false / hollow

◆completely / totally false / insincere

■ false

saying or doing sth that you do not really mean or believe 表里不一的；不真诚的

◆Come on－this is no time for false modesty.快点！这不是假谦虚的时候。

◆She gave a tinkly little laugh, which sounded horribly false even to her own ears.她发出银铃般的轻笑，连她自己听着都觉得假极了。

ⓘ False is often used to describe people trying to appear more interesting, pleasant or important than they really are. * false常表示人尽量显得比真实的自己更有趣味、更友善或更重要。

■ hollow

[usually before noun]

false 表里不一的；不真诚的

◆He gave a hollow laugh.他干笑了一声。

◆Their appeal for an end to the violence had a hollow ring

(= quality)

to it.他们呼吁停止使用暴力，但并无诚意。

ⓘ A hollow laugh or voice sounds sad or angry rather than happy or sincere. Hollow promises, threats or words are about things that will not really happen. Something that has a hollow ring to it, or that rings hollow, does not seem sincere or real. * hollow修饰laugh或voice时指笑声或说话声听起来悲伤或愤怒，而非快乐或真诚；修饰promise、threat或word时指承诺、威胁或言辞虚张声势，不会真的落实。短语have a hollow ring to it和ring hollow表示看来不真诚、没有诚意。

■ insincere

(rather formal)

false 表里不一的；不真诚的

◆She gave him one of her insincere smiles.她对他虚情假意地微笑了一下。

ⓘ Insincere is often used to describe people trying to appear kinder or more moral or religious than they really are, especially in order to help their careers, for example in politics or television. * insincere常表示人尽量显得比真实的自己更友善、更有道德或更虔诚，尤以促进自己在政界或电视界等职业领域的发展为目的。

OPP

sincere ⇨

deep

sincere ⇨

honest

artificial

adjective

artificial light 人造光

an artificial situation 人为不自然的场面

artificial

♦︎

synthetic

♦︎

false

♦︎

man-made

♦︎

fake

♦︎

imitationThese words all describe things that are not real, or not naturally produced or grown. 这些词均表示假的、非天然的、人工的。

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配

◆artificial / synthetic / man-made fabrics / fibres / materials / products

◆artificial / synthetic / fake / imitation fur / leather

◆artificial / synthetic / false / fake / imitation diamonds / pearls

■ artificial

made or produced to copy sth natural; not real 人工的；人造的；假的

◆The patient was kept alive by the artificial heart for nearly two months.人造心脏让那个病人存活了近两个月。

◆All food served in the restaurant is completely free from any artificial colours and flavours.这家饭店提供的所有食物绝对没有人工色素和人工香料。

◆I don't like having to do detailed work in artificial light.我不喜欢在人造光下做细致的工作。

OPP

natural

ⓘ

Natural things exist in nature and are not made or caused by human beings. * natural指自然界存在的，非人造的

◆the natural world

(= of trees, rivers, animals and birds)

自然界

◆a country's natural resources

(= its coal, oil, forests, etc.)

一个国家的自然资源

◆My hair soon grew back to its natural colour (= after being dyed).我的头发很快变回染发之前的颜色。

▸

artificially

adverb

◆artificially created lakes人工湖

■ synthetic

made by combining chemical substances rather than being produced naturally by plants or animals 人工合成的

◆synthetic drugs / dyes合成药物／染料

◆shoes with synthetic soles鞋底是合成材料的鞋子

OPP

natural

▸

synthetically

adverb

◆synthetically produced drugs合成药物

■ false

not natural; artificial 非天生的；人造的；假的

◆false teeth / eyelashes假牙；假睫毛

◆a false beard and moustache假胡须

see also

false ⇨

so-called

■ ˌman-ˈmade

made by people; not natural 人造的；非天然的

◆man-made fibres such as nylon and polyester尼龙和涤纶之类的人造纤维

◆Europe's largest man-made lake欧洲最大的人工湖

OPP

natural

■ fake

made to look like sth else; not real 伪造的；冒充的；假的

◆a fake fur jacket人造毛皮夹克

◆We sprayed fake snow over the trees to make it look like winter.我们在树上喷人造雪，营造出冬天的情境。

OPP

genuine ⇨

real

see also

fake ⇨

so-called

adj.

fake ⇨

fake

noun

■ imitation

[only before noun]

made to look like sth else; not real 伪造的；仿制的；假的

◆She would never wear imitation pearls.她绝不会戴假珍珠。

◆He threatened them with an imitation gun.他用仿真枪威吓他们。

OPP

genuine ⇨

real

see also

imitation ⇨

fake

noun

so-called

adjective

so-called

♦︎

fake

♦︎

false

♦︎

bogus

♦︎

dummy

♦︎

counterfeit

♦︎

phoney

♦︎

shamThese words all describe things and people that are not genuine, or not what they appear to be. 这些词均表示假的、冒充的、伪造的。

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配

◆a so-called / fake / bogus / phoney doctor

◆a fake / false / bogus identity

◆a fake / false / counterfeit / phoney money / currency

◆a fake / false / counterfeit coins

◆a fake / false / phoney document / passport / invoice

◆a fake / false beard / moustache / nose / tan

◆a fake / bogus / sham marriage

◆a fake / dummy / phoney bomb

◆a fake / dummy gun

◆fake / counterfeit goods

◆a fake / phoney accent

◆a false / bogus claim / application

◆obviously fake / false / bogus / phoney

■ ˌso-ˈcalled

[only before noun]

(disapproving)

used to show that you do not think that the word or phrase that is being used to describe sb/sth is appropriate （表示不认同）所谓的

◆The court heard the opinion of a so-called 'expert'.法庭听取了一个所谓“专家”的意见。

◆How have these so-called improvements helped the local community?这些所谓的进步对当地社会带来了多少帮助呢？

ⓘ So-called always expresses disapproval; bogus, phoney and sham also often suggest disapproval, but the other words in this group are more simply descriptive. * so-called总是表示不认同；bogus、phoney和sham也常意味着不认同，但本组词汇中其他单词更多为描述性的。

■ fake

not genuine, but made to seem real to deceive people 假的；伪造的

◆There were a few stalls selling fake designer clothing.有几个货摊出售假冒的名牌服装。

◆The caller appeared to have a fake American accent.打电话的人好像是在假装美国口音。

see also

fake ⇨

fake

noun

■ false

fake 假的；伪造的

◆The case had a false bottom where documents or even a small radio could be hidden.那箱子有个假底，里面能够藏文件，甚至藏个小收音机。

◆She was accused of obtaining money under false pretences (= by pretending to be sb / sth she was not).她被控诈骗钱财。

NOTE 辨析 Fake or false?In many cases you can use either word; however, false is used more frequently to describe documents and parts of the body such as eyelashes, teeth or a beard, moustache or nose (although fake is preferred for tan). Fake is used more frequently to describe other objects. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用，不过false更常用于描述文件或身体的某些部位，如eyelashes、teeth、beard、moustache或nose（但描述tan最好用fake）；fake更常用于描述其他物品

◆fake goods / flowers / pearls / bombs假货；假花；假珍珠；假炸弹

see also

fake

false ⇨

artificial

■ bogus

/ˈbəʊgəs; NAmE ˈboʊgəs/

(usually disapproving)

pretending to be genuine 假的；冒充的；伪造的

◆The bogus doctor had been working from premises in Chelsea.那个冒牌医生一直在切尔西的事务所工作。

◆Bogus claims of injury by workers are costing companies thousands of pounds.工人虚报受伤情况索赔使一些公司损失成千上万英镑。

ⓘ Bogus is most often used with nouns for jobs such as doctor, health worker, social worker, official and police officer and nouns for people who need help such as refugee and asylum seeker. False claims and applications made by such people can also be described as bogus. * bogus最常与有关职业的名词连用，如doctor、health worker、social worker、official和police officer，或者与有关求助者的名词连用，如refugee和asylum seeker。bogus也可修饰claim和application，表示这些人提出的虚假要求或申请。

■ dummy

[only before noun]

made to look real, although it is actually a copy which does not work 假的；仿造的

◆The soldiers train using dummy rifles.士兵用假步枪来训练。

see also

dummy ⇨

fake

noun

■ counterfeit

/ˈkaʊntəfɪt; NAmE ˈkaʊntərfɪt/

(rather formal)

(of money and goods for sale) made to look exactly like sth in order to trick people into thinking that they are getting the real thing （钱币及商品）伪造的，假冒的，仿造的

◆He was arrested for attempting to sell counterfeit watches.他因试图兜售冒牌手表而被逮捕。

◆Are you aware these notes are counterfeit?你觉察到这些钞票是伪造的吗？

ⓘ Typical collocates of counterfeit are notes, currency, money, clothing, goods, software, tapes and videos. * counterfeit的常见搭配词有notes、currency、money、clothing、goods、software、tapes和videos。

■ phoney

(BrE)

(also

phony

, especially in NAmE)

/ˈfəʊni; NAmE ˈfoʊni/

(informal,

often disapproving)

not genuine, but made to seem real to deceive people 假的；伪造的

◆She spoke with a phoney Russian accent.她用一种伪装的俄国口音说话。

◆

(NAmE)

He was arrested on charges of supplying illegal aliens with phony papers.他被指控向非法外侨提供假证件而被捕。

ⓘ Phony has a much wider range of collocates in American English than phoney has in British English. In both British and American English it is frequently used to talk about people behaving in a way that does not seem natural, for example trying to be more interesting, funny or fashionable than they really are. A phoney accent is likely to be used in order to impress people; a fake accent is more likely to be used simply to deceive sb. In American English you can also talk about phony documents/passports/papers/money; in British English it is more usual to say false or fake. * phoney在美式英语中的搭配词比在英式英语中多得多。无论在英式还是美式英语中，该词常用于指人的行为不自然，例如试图表现得比实际上更有趣、更滑稽或更时髦。phoney accent可能用来给人留下深刻印象，而fake accent更可能仅是为了骗人。在美式英语里，也可使用phony documents/passports/papers/money（假文件；假护照；假证件；假钞票），而在英式英语中则更常用false或fake。

■ sham

[only before noun]

(disapproving)

not genuine but intended to seem real 虚假的；假装的

◆She soon realized she was trapped in a sham marriage.她很快就意识到自己陷入了虚假的婚姻之中。

ⓘ A sham marriage or relationship is one in which the people involved try to give the impression that their relationship is normal, when in fact they do not really love or care for each other. * sham修饰marriage或relationship时，指那些本来不相爱或不关心对方的人，为了令他人觉得关系正常而装出来的假象。

wrong

adjective

the wrong answer 错误的答案

What's wrong? 出了什么问题？

the wrong thing to say 不恰当的话

morally wrong 不道德

wrong

♦︎

false

♦︎

mistaken

♦︎

incorrect

♦︎

inaccurate

♦︎

misguided

♦︎

untrueThese words all describe sth that is not right or correct, or sb who is not right about sth. 这些词均表示不正确的、有错误的。

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配

◆to be wrong / mistaken about sth

◆a prediction is wrong / false / incorrect / inaccurate

◆a guess is wrong / incorrect

◆wrong / false / mistaken / incorrect / inaccurate / untrue information

◆a wrong / a false / a mistaken / an incorrect / an inaccurate / a misguided assumption

◆a false / a mistaken / an inaccurate / a misguided belief

◆to give / get the wrong / a false / a mistaken / an inaccurate impression

◆a wrong / an incorrect answer

◆totally wrong / false / mistaken / incorrect / inaccurate / misguided / untrue

◆completely wrong / false / mistaken / incorrect / misguided / untrue

◆quite wrong / false / mistaken / inaccurate / misguided / untrue

◆clearly wrong / false / incorrect / untrue

◆seriously wrong / mistaken / incorrect / inaccurate

◆hopelessly wrong / inaccurate / misguided

◆grossly wrong / mistaken / incorrect / inaccurate / misguided

◆simply wrong / incorrect / misguided / untrue

◆sadly wrong / mistaken / misguided

◆It is / would be wrong / false / incorrect / inaccurate / untrue to say...

■ wrong

not right or correct; (of a person) not right about sb/sth 不正确的；错误的；（人）有错误的

◆I got all the answers wrong.我的答案都错了。

◆He was driving on the wrong side of the road.他开车走在逆行车道上了。

◆Sorry, I must have dialled the wrong number.对不起，我一定是拨错电话号码了。

◆You're holding the camera the wrong way up.你把照相机拿倒了。

◆

(BrE)

That picture is the wrong way round.那幅画挂反了。

◆

(NAmE)

the wrong way around挂反了

◆I think she lives at number 40, but I could be wrong.我想她住在40号，不过我可能记错了。

◆She would prove him wrong whatever happened.不管发生了什么，她都会证明他是错的。

OPP

right ⇨

right

adj.

right ⇨

true

see also

the wrong idea ⇨

illusion

▸

wrongly

adverb

◆The sentence had been wrongly translated.这个句子翻译错了。

◆He assumed, wrongly, that she did not care.他以为她不在乎，可是他错了。

■ false

not true or correct; wrong because it is based on sth that is not true or correct 不真实的；不正确的；错误的

◆A whale is a fish. True or false?鲸鱼是鱼，对还是错？

◆He used a false name to get the job.他用假名得到了这份工作。

◆I don't want to raise any false hopes, but I think he's still alive.我并不想让人心存奢望，但是我相信他还活着。

◆We had been lulled into a false sense of security (= wrongly made to feel safe).我们受到麻痹，产生了虚假的安全感。

◆Buying a cheap computer is a false economy (= it will not save you money).购买廉价的电脑看似省钱，其实并不划算。

OPP

true ⇨

true

see also

false impression ⇨

illusion

▸

falsely

adverb

◆He had been falsely accused of murder.他被诬告杀了人。

■ mistaken

wrong in your opinion or judgement; based on a wrong opinion or bad judgement 观点（或判断）错误的；（观点或判断）错误的，不正确的

◆I thought I knew him, but I must have been mistaken.我以为认识他，可我一定是搞错了。

◆I told her my secret in the mistaken belief that I could trust her.我误以为可以相信她，就把我的秘密告诉了她。

◆It was a case of mistaken identity (= when you think sb is a particular person but they are not).那次是认错人了。

see also

mistake ⇨

mistake

noun

mistake ⇨

misunderstand

verb

▸

mistakenly

adverb

◆He mistakenly believed that his family would stand by him.他误以为家人会支持自己。

■ incorrect

(rather formal)

wrong according to the facts; containing mistakes 不真实的；不准确的；有错误的

◆Many of the figures were incorrect.这些数字许多都不正确。

◆Marks will be taken off for incorrect spellings.错误拼写将被扣分。

◆His version of what happened is incorrect.他对所发生的事情的说法不准确。

◆It's technically incorrect to talk about bats 'hearing' things.严格说来，说蝙蝠“听见”什么是错误的。

OPP

correct ⇨

true

▸

incorrectly

adverb

◆A lot of people spell this incorrectly.许多人都把这个词拼写错了。

■ inaccurate

/ /ɪnˈækjərət/ /

wrong according to the facts; containing mistakes 不真实的；不准确的；有错误的

◆The movie is historically inaccurate, but well worth seeing.这部电影与史实不符，但还是很值得一看。

◆All the maps we had were wildly inaccurate.我们所有的地图误差都非常大。

OPP

accurate ⇨

exact

see also

inaccuracy ⇨

mistake

▸

inaccurately

adverb

◆She has been inaccurately described as a soul singer.她被称作是一位灵乐歌手，这并不正确。

NOTE 辨析 Incorrect or inaccurate?A fact, figure or spelling that is wrong is incorrect; information, a belief or a description based on incorrect facts can be incorrect or inaccurate; something that is produced, such as a film, report or map, that contains incorrect facts is inaccurate. * incorrect指事实、数字或拼写错误。incorrect和inaccurate均可修饰信息、信念或描述，指基于错误事实。inaccurate指电影、报告或地图等制成品与事实不符。

■ misguided

wrong because you have understood or judged a situation badly （因理解或判断失误）搞错的

◆The new proposals are totally misguided.那些新提出的建议完全错误。

◆In her misguided attempts to help, she only made the situation worse.她想帮忙，但方法不对，结果把事情搞得更糟。

■ untrue

[not usually before noun]

not based on facts, but invented or guessed 无事实依据；杜撰；捏造

◆These accusations are totally untrue.这些指控纯属捏造。

◆It would be untrue to say that something like this could never happen again.说这类事情再也不会发生是没有事实根据的。

OPP

true ⇨

true

illusion

noun

illusion

♦︎

myth

♦︎

misunderstanding

♦︎

delusion

♦︎

misconception

♦︎

fallacy

♦︎

misinterpretation

♦︎

false impression

♦︎

the wrong ideaThese are all words for a mistaken or false idea about sb/sth. 这些词均表示错误的观念。

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配

◆an illusion / a myth / a misunderstanding / a delusion / a misconception / a fallacy / the wrong idea about sb / sth

◆the illusion / myth / misunderstanding / delusion / misconception / fallacy / false impression that...

◆under an illusion / a delusion / a false impression

◆a dangerous illusion / myth / delusion / misconception / fallacy

◆a common myth / misunderstanding / delusion / misconception / fallacy

◆a popular myth / misconception / fallacy

◆(a) widespread misunderstanding / misconception / fallacy

◆to have an illusion / a delusion / the wrong idea

◆to be based on a myth / misunderstanding / misconception / fallacy / misinterpretation

◆to give rise to a myth / (a) misunderstanding / a misconception

◆to give sb a false impression / the wrong idea

◆to correct a misunderstanding / misconception / false impression

■ illusion

/ /ɪˈluːʒn/ /

[countable

, uncountable]

a false idea or belief about sb/sth, especially an idea that sb/sth is good when it is not 错误的观念（或信念）；幻想；错觉

◆I have no illusions about her feelings for me (= I know that she does not love me).我并不幻想她会喜欢我。

◆He's under the illusion that (= wrongly thinks that) he will get the job.他心存幻想，以为他会得到那份工作。

◆They wanted to create the illusion of being a close, happy family.他们想制造一种假象，仿佛他们是亲密、幸福的一家人。

◆He could no longer tell the difference between illusion and reality.他再也分不清幻想与现实之间的区别。

▸

illusory

/ /ɪˈluːsəri/ /

adjective

(formal)

◆Our new situation gave us an illusory sense of freedom.新的处境给了我们一种虚幻的自由感。

◆Any power he may seem to have is purely illusory.他貌似有权，但他的权力纯属虚幻。

■ myth

/ /mɪθ/ /

[countable

, uncountable]

something that many people believe but that does not exist or is false 迷思；错误的观念

◆It is time to dispel the myth of the classless society (= to show that it does not exist).该消除那种无阶级社会的神话了。

◆It's a myth that cats only swish their tails when they are angry.猫只有发怒时才会甩动尾巴的说法不靠谱。

◆Contrary to popular myth, women are not worse drivers than men.都说女人开车比男人差，其实不然。

■ misunderstanding

[countable

, uncountable]

a situation in which sth is not understood correctly, especially when this leads to problems 误解；误会

◆The meeting is a final chance to clear up any misunderstandings.这次会议是消除误解的最后时机。

◆There must be some misunderstanding－I thought I ordered the smaller model.一定是搞错了，我想我订的是更小型号的。

OPP

understanding ⇨

understanding

see also

misunderstand ⇨

misunderstand

■ delusion

/ /dɪˈluːʒn/ /

[countable

, uncountable]

a false belief or opinion about yourself or your situation; the act of making yourself believe sth that is not true 错觉；谬见；妄想；自欺

◆Don't go getting delusions of grandeur (= a belief that you are more important than you really are).不要变得妄自尊大。

◆My mother had a tremendous capacity for delusion.我母亲特别善于自欺欺人。

ⓘ

Delusions can sometimes be caused by a mental illness. * delusion有时可能是由精神疾病引起的

◆Many people with this condition suffer from delusions.许多患有这种疾病的人会产生妄想。

see also

delude ⇨

mislead

■ misconception

/ /ˌmɪskənˈsepʃn/ /

[countable

, uncountable]

(rather formal)

a mistaken belief about sth, especially one based on incorrect information （尤指因信息有误导致的）错误认识，误解

◆It's a widespread misconception that only women get breast cancer.只有女人才会得乳腺癌是个普遍存在的错误观念。

◆Their views are based on misconception and prejudice.他们的观点基于误解和偏见。

■ fallacy

/ /ˈfæləsi/ /

[countable

, uncountable]

(rather formal)

a false idea that a lot of people think is true; a false way of thinking about sth （普遍持有的）谬见，谬论；错误的思维方式

◆It's a fallacy to say that the camera never lies.说照相机从不骗人，这是谬见。

◆He detected the fallacy of her argument.他发现了她论据中的推理谬误。

■ misinterpretation

/ˌmɪsɪntɜːprɪˈteɪʃn; NAmE ˌmɪsɪntɜːrprɪˈteɪʃn/

[uncountable

, countable]

(rather formal)

a mistaken idea or belief caused by sb not fully understanding sth or understanding it in the wrong way （因理解不充分或有偏差导致的）误解，误读

◆What he said could easily be open to misinterpretation.他说的话很容易被误解。

◆Their conclusions were a result of a misinterpretation of the data.他们的结论是出于对数据的错误解读。

see also

misinterpret ⇨

misunderstand

■ ˌfalse imˈpression

[countable]

a mistaken idea about sb/sth, especially one based on too little information （尤指因信息过少而产生的）假象，错误印象

◆Their main headline gave a completely false impression.他们的大标题给人完全错误的印象。

see also

false ⇨

wrong

adj.

■ the ˌwrong iˈdea

phrase

(rather informal)

a mistaken idea about sb/sth, especially an idea that sb/sth is worse than it really is （尤指不好的）错误印象，误会

◆Be careful about meeting him alone－you don't want people to get the wrong idea (= the idea that you are having a relationship with him).单独见他要慎重－你总不希望别人对你们的关系产生误会吧。

ⓘ The wrong idea is nearly always used with the verbs get, have (got) or give. * the wrong idea几乎总是跟动词get、have (got)或give连用。

see also

wrong ⇨

wrong

adj.