| 例句 |
grow verb
⇨ become (grow old/bored) ⇨ farm (grow cabbages) ⇨ rise (grow in confidence)become linking verb become ♦︎ get ♦︎ go ♦︎ grow ♦︎ come ♦︎ turnThese verbs all mean to start to be sth or to change from one state or condition to another. 这些动词均表示开始变得、变成。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to get / grow / come to know / like sb / sth◆to become / get / grow / turn cold / warm / chilly◆to become / get / grow fat / old◆to become / get / grow angry / hungry / tired◆to become / get annoyed / confused / involved / worried◆to become / get / grow used / accustomed to sth◆to become / get engaged / pregnant◆to become / go / turn red / white / blue, etc.◆to become / go blind / crazy / mad◆to become / come loose◆to go / turn bad / sour■ become (became, become)to start to be sth 开始变得；变成◆She was becoming confused.她开始糊涂了。◆It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary.靠他的工资越来越难以维持生计了。◆She became queen in 1952.她于1952年登基为女王。◆The bill will become law next year.该议案将于明年成为法律。■ get (getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten)to reach, or make sb/sth/yourself reach, a particular state or condition; to reach the point at which you feel, know, are, etc. sth （使）达到，进入；开始（感觉到、认识到、成为等）；达到⋯地步（或程度）◆You'll soon get used to the climate here.你很快会习惯这儿的气候。◆We ought to go; it's getting late.我们该走了，时候不早了。◆to get dressed / undressed (= to put your clothes on / take your clothes off) 穿上／脱下衣服◆They plan to get married in the summer.他们打算夏天结婚。◆She's upstairs getting ready.她在楼上做准备。◆Don't get your dress dirty!别把你的连衣裙弄脏！◆She soon got the children ready for school.她很快就让孩子们准备好了去上学。◆You'll like her once you get to know her.你一旦了解她就会喜欢她。◆She's getting to be an old lady now.她现在都快成老太婆了。NOTE 辨析 Become or get?Both these verbs can describe changes in sb's state or condition. 这两个动词均可指人的状态或境况的改变◆to become / get tired / cold / angry / scared / pregnant / thin / old / better累了；变冷；生气了；害怕了；怀孕了；变瘦；变老；变好In general, become is more formal than get, and get is more frequent in spoken language. However, there are some cases where you can only use one of these words. 一般来说，become较get正式，get较常用于口语中。不过，有些情况只能用其中的一个◆I became / got hungry / upset (= verb + adjective).我饿了；我心烦意乱起来。（在动词 + 形容词结构中，一般情况下用become或get均可）◆She became Queen / a teacher / a member of the club (= verb + noun).她成为了女王／教师／俱乐部的会员。（在动词 + 名词结构中，只能用become）◆She got Queen, etc. ◆Don't get your dress dirty (= verb + noun + adjective)!别把你的连衣裙弄脏了！（在动词 + 名词 + 形容词结构中，只能用get）◆Don't become your dress dirty! ◆It took me a long time to get to know her properly (= verb + to + infinitive).我花了很长时间才真正了解她。（在动词 + 带to不定式结构中，只能用get）◆to become to know her Use get for changes that are the result of deliberate actions by you or sb else. 描述自己或他人有意的行为所带来的变化，用get◆to get dressed / married / divorced / killed / mugged / fired穿好衣服；结婚；离婚；被杀；遭到抢劫；被解雇◆to become dressed/married, etc. There are also some adjectives that you can only use with become (not get). These include adjectives connected with ability ( able/unable/proficient/skilled), knowledge ( aware, certain, convinced), availability ( available, common, extinct, useful) and clarity ( clear, obvious, evident, apparent). 有些形容词只能与become而不能与get连用，这些形容词包括表示能力的able、unable、proficient和skilled，表示认知的aware、certain和convinced，表示可获性和可用度的available、common、extinct和useful，以及表示明晰的clear、obvious、evident和apparent。 ■ go (goes, went, gone)to become different in a particular way, especially a bad way; to reach a particular state or condition （尤指朝坏的方面）变成，变为，变得；进入⋯状态；处于⋯状况◆Her hair is going grey.她的头发日渐花白。◆This milk has gone sour.这牛奶馊了。◆The children went wild with excitement.孩子们欣喜若狂。◆She went to sleep.她睡着了。◆That colour has gone out of fashion.那种颜色已经过时了。ⓘ Go is often used to talk about changes in colour ( to go red/white/grey) and other, especially negative, changes ( to go mad/bad/bald/crazy/wrong/bankrupt). * go常用以指颜色的变化和负面变化，如to go red/white/grey（变红；变白；变灰白）；to go mad/bad/bald/crazy/wrong/bankrupt（发疯；变坏；谢顶；发狂；出毛病；破产）。■ grow (grew, grown)to begin to have a particular quality or feeling over a period of time; to gradually begin to do sth 逐渐变得；逐渐成为；逐渐开始◆The skies grew dark and it began to rain.天渐渐黑了，下起雨来。◆As time went on he grew more and more impatient.时间久了，他越来越没有耐性。◆I'm sure you'll grow to like her in time.我肯定你会慢慢喜欢上她的。ⓘ Grow is used to talk about changes that happen over a period of time rather than suddenly. It is often used with comparative adjectives to show this gradual change. * grow指在一段时间内逐渐发生变化，而非突然变化。常与形容词比较级连用，以示渐变◆She suddenly grew angry. ◆She grew braver with time.时间慢慢过去，她变得更勇敢了。 ■ come (come, come)to become; to reach a point where you realize, understand or believe sth 成为；变成；达到（认识、理解或相信的程度）◆The buttons had come undone.纽扣都松开了。◆Everything will come right in the end.一切最终都会好起来的。◆I've come to expect this kind of behaviour from him.对于他的这种举止我渐渐不感到意外了。NOTE 辨析 Grow and comeIn this meaning, these two verbs are either followed by an adjective ( come loose/grow calm), or by 'to' + infinitive ( I came/grew to realize, understand, believe, etc.). 表达此义时，这两个动词后接形容词或带to的不定式，如come loose/grow calm（松了；平静下来）；I came/grew to realize, understand, believe, etc.（我逐渐认识到／理解／相信等）。■ turn to change into a particular state or condition; to make sth do this （使）变成，成为◆The leaves were turning brown.叶子变黄了。◆He turned nasty when we refused to give him the money.我们不给他钱时，他立刻露出凶相。◆She turned a deathly shade of white when she heard the news.她听到这个消息时面如死灰。◆He's a lawyer turned politician (= he used to be a lawyer but is now a politician).他以前是个律师，现在从政。ⓘ Turn is used to talk about colours * turn用来表示颜色变化◆to turn blue / red / white;变蓝；变红；变白about changes in the weather 天气变化◆to turn cold / warm / chilly变得寒冷／温暖／阴冷and negative changes 和负面变化◆to turn nasty / mean / sour / bad变得凶恶／卑鄙；馊了；变坏 farm verb farm ♦︎ grow ♦︎ plough ♦︎ cultivate ♦︎ plant ♦︎ workThese words all mean to use or prepare ground for growing crops. 这些词均表示耕种、种田、务农。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to farm / plough / cultivate / plant / work the land◆to grow / cultivate / plant crops◆to plough / plant / work a field◆to be organically / intensively farmed / grown / cultivated■ farm [intransitive, transitive] to use land for growing crops and/or keeping animals 务农；从事畜牧业；耕种；饲养◆The family has farmed in Kent for over two hundred years.这个家族在肯特务农两百多年了。◆They farm dairy cattle.他们饲养奶牛。◆He farmed 200 acres of prime arable land.他耕种了200英亩良田。▸ farming noun [uncountable] ◆sheep / dairy / organic farming牧羊；养奶牛；有机耕作■ grow (grew, grown) [transitive] to put seeds or plants in the ground and take care of them, usually in order to use or sell the plants later 栽培；种植◆I didn't know they grew rice in Spain.我以前不知道西班牙也种稻子。◆I grew all these flowers from one packet of seeds.这些花全都是我用一包种子种出来的。■ plough (BrE) (NAmE plow) / /plaʊ/ / [transitive, intransitive] to turn over and break up the ground in a field or other area of land by using a plough (= a large piece of farming equipment), especially in order to prepare the ground for growing crops 犁（田）；耕（地）；翻（土）◆The land was divided into large ploughed fields.这片地被分割成几大块犁过的田。■ cultivate / /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/ / [transitive] (formal or written) to prepare and use land for growing plants or crops; to grow plants or crops 耕；耕作；种植◆The land around here has never been cultivated.这一带的土地从未开垦过。◆The people cultivate mainly rice and beans.人们主要种植稻子和豆类。▸ cultivation noun [uncountable] ◆fertile land that is under cultivation肥沃的耕地◆rice cultivation水稻种植■ plant [transitive] to cover an area of land such as a garden or field with plants （在某处）栽种◆The field had been ploughed and planted with corn.这块地已犁过并种上了玉米。■ work [transitive] to do the hard physical work that is needed to grow crops on an area of land （人工）耕种；干农活◆Boys who didn't go to school worked the land with their fathers.不上学的男孩跟父亲一起种田。 rise verb ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ soar 另见soar条rise ♦︎ grow ♦︎ increase ♦︎ climb ♦︎ go up ♦︎ escalateThese are all words that can be used when the amount, level or number of sth gets bigger or higher. 这些词均表示数量、水平或数值增加、上升。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to rise / grow / increase / go up in price, number, etc.◆to rise / grow / increase / climb / go up by 10%, 2 000, etc.◆to rise / grow / increase / climb / go up / escalate from 2% to 5%◆the price / number rises / increases / climbs / goes up / escalates◆the level / cost rises / increases / goes up / escalates◆the size / amount grows / increases◆to rise / grow / increase / climb / go up / escalate sharply◆to rise / grow / increase / climb / go up slightly / steadily / slowly / rapidly / dramatically◆to rise / grow / increase / escalate suddenly◆to rise / increase / climb / go up steeply■ rise (rose, risen) [intransitive] to become greater in number, level or amount （数值、水平或数量）增加，上升◆rising fuel bills / divorce rates不断上涨的燃料费／离婚率◆The price of gas has risen by 3%.煤气价格已上涨3%。◆Gas rose sharply in price.煤气价格大幅上涨。◆Interest rates are expected to rise from 4.5% to 5% in the next six months.预计利率将在未来半年从4.5%上升至5%。 OPP fall , drop , sink ⇨ fall 1 see also rise ⇨ increase noun ■ grow (grew, grown) [intransitive] to become greater in size, number or strength （大小、数值或强度）扩大，增加，增强◆The company profits are expected to grow by 5% next year.公司利润预计将在明年增长5%。◆She is growing in confidence all the time.她的信心在不断增强。◆Their performance improved as their confidence grew.随着他们信心的加强，他们的表现有所改善。◆There is growing opposition to the latest proposals.越来越多的人反对最近提出的建议。◆The company is growing bigger all the time.这家公司在不断扩大。OPP shrink ⇨ shrink see also growth ⇨ increase noun , expand ⇨ expand 1 ■ increase [intransitive] to become greater in amount, level, number, degree, value, size or strength 增长；增多；增加◆The population has increased from 1.2 million to 1.8 million.人口已从120万增加到了180万。◆Demand is expected to increase over the next decade.预计需求在未来十年将会上升。◆Disability increases with age (= the older sb is, the more likely they are to have a disability).人年纪越大就越容易丧失某种身体机能。OPP decrease , decline ⇨ fall 1 see also increase ⇨ increase noun verb NOTE 辨析 Rise, grow or increase?Although it is the most frequent of these verbs, rise is most often used about the number or level of sth; grow and increase can also be used about size and strength. 尽管rise是这些动词中最常见的，但它最常指数量增加或水平提高；grow和increase还可指大小和强度增加◆Profits / Numbers have risen / grown / increased.利润／数量已增长。◆Her confidence / fear grew / increased.她的信心增强了／恐惧加深了。◆Her confidence/fear rose. Increase is slightly more formal than rise or grow. * increase比rise和grow稍正式一些。 ■ climb [intransitive](of a figure or temperature or a country's money) to become greater in level or value （数字、温度或币值）上升，攀升，上涨◆The dollar / temperature has been climbing all week.整个星期美元一直在升值／温度一直在上升。◆The paper's circulation continues to climb.这份报纸的发行量在继续增长。◆Membership is climbing steadily.会员数目稳步攀升。ⓘ Climb is usually used to talk about a number rather than an amount. * climb常指数值增加而非数量增长◆Unemployment (= the number of unemployed people) is still climbing.失业人数仍在攀升。◆The pollution/mess is climbing. OPP drop ⇨ fall 1 ■ ˌgo ˈup phrasal verb (goes, went, gone) (rather informal, especially spoken) to become greater in level or value （水平或价值）上升，增长◆The price of cigarettes is going up.香烟价格在上涨。◆Do you think interest rates will go up again?你认为利率还会上升吗？ OPP come down ⇨ fall 1 ■ escalate / /ˈeskəleɪt/ / [intransitive] (rather formal) to become greater, worse or more serious 逐步扩大；不断恶化；加剧◆The fighting escalated into a full-scale war.这场交战逐步扩大为全面战争。◆the escalating costs of health care逐渐增加的医疗费用 |