| 例句 |
heart noun
⇨ focus (the heart of the city) ⇨ point (the heart of the matter) ⇨ from the (bottom of your) heart ⇨ deep adj. 1 ⇨ lose heart ⇨ despair verb ⇨ set your heart on sth ⇨ hope verb ⇨ break sb's heart ⇨ hurt verb 1 ⇨ learn/know sth by heart ⇨ learn verb ⇨ a change of heart ⇨ revolution 2 focus noun focus ♦︎ centre ♦︎ heart ♦︎ hub ♦︎ focal pointThese are all words for the central and most important part of a particular place or activity. 这些词均表示某地或活动的中心、核心。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an important focus / hub / focal point◆the central focus / hub◆the commercial centre / heart / hub of sth◆to act / serve as a focus / centre / focal point◆to give sth / provide a focus / focal point◆the focus / centre of attention■ focus /ˈfəʊkəs; NAmE ˈfoʊkəs/ [uncountable, countable, usually singular] the thing or person that people are most interested in; the act of paying special attention to sth and making people interested in it 中心点（指人或事物）；关注；引起关注◆His comments provided a focus for debate.他的评论提供了辩论的重点。◆We shall maintain our focus on the needs of the customer.我们将继续重点关注顾客的需要。◆The incident brought the problem of violence in schools into sharp focus.这次事件使校园暴力成为焦点问题。◆What we need now is a change of focus (= to look at things in a different way).我们现在需要的是改变对事物的看法。■ centre (BrE) (NAmE center) [countable, usually singular] the point towards which people direct their attention 中心；关注点◆Children like to be the centre of attention.小孩子喜欢引人注目。◆He could never doubt that he was the centre of her world.她的整个世界围着他转，对此他确信无疑。◆The prime minister is at the centre of a political row over leaked Cabinet documents.首相成了内阁文件泄密所引发的政治风波的中心人物。ⓘ Notice that you can say that sb/sth is the centre of attention or the centre of sb's world/universe, but you say that sb is at the centre of things/the action/a discussion. You can also say that sb is at the centre of sb's world/universe. 注意，可以说sb/sth is the centre of attention（某人／某事物是关注的中心）或sb/sth is the centre of sb's world/universe（某人／某事物是某人世界的中心）。可以说sb is at the centre of things/the action/a discussion（某人处在事情／行动／讨论的中心），也可以说sb is at the centre of sb's world/universe（某人占据某人世界的中心）。■ heart [countable, usually singular] the central part of a place 中心；中央◆'Hillsdown' is a quiet hotel in the very heart of the city.希尔斯顿是一家位于市中心的安静的旅馆。ⓘ In this meaning heart is mainly used to talk about the central part of a city, country or region. It is often used in advertising trying to attract people to a place. 表达此义时，heart主要指城市、国家或地区的中心，常用在广告中，以吸引人前往某地。 see also heart ⇨ point noun ■ hub [countable, usually singular] the central and most important part of a particular place or activity （某地或活动的）中心，核心◆The bank is situated in the commercial hub of the city.该银行位于城市的商业中心。◆The kitchen was the hub of family life.厨房是家庭生活的中心。◆a hub airport (= a large important one where people often change from one plane to another) 大型中转机场NOTE 辨析 Heart or hub?In some cases you can use either word. 在有些情况下这两个词可以通用◆the commercial heart / hub of the city城市的商业中心However, the heart of the village/the town/the city/England usually suggests an attractive, historic place; the hub of the city/operations/business activity suggests a busy place where a lot of business is done. 不过，the heart of the village/the town/the city/England（村庄／集镇／城市／英格兰的中心）通常意味着这些地方富有吸引力，且有历史意义；the hub of the city/operations/business activity（城市／业务／商业活动的中心）则意味着这些地方很繁华，商业活动繁忙。 ■ ˈfocal point /ˈfəʊkl; NAmE ˈfoʊkl/ [countable, usually singular] a thing or person that is the centre of interest or activity 集中点，焦点（指人或事物）；活动中心◆In rural areas, the school is often the focal point for the local community.在农村，学校常常是当地社区的活动中心。◆The focal point of the policy developed by the government was the construction of a rail network .政府所提出的政策中，焦点是建设铁路网。ⓘ Focal point is often used to talk about a place in a community which brings people together, for example a school, shop, church or play area. It can also be used to describe the central point of a discussion, lecture, or of sb's political activities; or the main part of a design or arrangement; or the main event in a series of planned events. * focal point常指社区里人们聚会的地方，如学校、店铺、教堂或游戏场地等，亦可指讨论、演讲或某人政治活动的重点，或是设计或安排的主要部分，又或是一系列精心安排的事件中的重头戏。 point noun point ♦︎ core ♦︎ heart ♦︎ body ♦︎ crux ♦︎ nucleusThese are all words for the most important idea or part of sth. 这些词均表示重点、核心。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆at the core / heart / crux of sth◆the main point / core / body of sth◆the very core / heart / crux of sth◆to form the core / heart / body / nucleus of sth◆to make up the core / body of sth◆to get to the point / core / heart / crux (of sth)◆to lie at / go to the core / heart of sth◆the heart / crux of the matter■ point [singular] the main or most important idea in sth that is said or done 重点；要点；核心问题◆The point is you shouldn't have to wait so long to see a doctor.关键是看病不应等那么长时间。◆I'll come straight to the point: we need more money.我就直说吧：我们还需要钱。◆Do you see my point (= understand)?你明白我的意思吗？◆I think I missed the point (= did not understand).我想我没有听懂。◆You have a point (= your idea is right) －it would be better to wait till this evening.你说的有道理－还是等到今晚比较好。◆'There won't be anywhere to park.' 'Oh, that's a (good) point.'(= I had not thought of that) “会找不到停车的地方。”“嗯，还真是。”◆It just isn't true. That's the whole point (= the only important fact).那根本不是事实，其他一切都不重要。◆I know it won't cost very much but that's not the point.我知道不会花多少钱，但那并不重要。 see also to the point ⇨ relevant ■ core [singular] the most important part of a problem, activity or set of ideas （问题、活动或观点的）核心，要点，精髓◆This report goes to the core of the argument.这篇报道直指争论的核心。◆Maths, English and science are the core subjects (= subjects that all the students have to do).数学、英语和自然科学是核心科目。◆What are the core activities of the job?这项工作主要做什么？■ heart [singular] the most important part of a problem （问题的）核心，重点◆Cost is at the heart of the matter for the Government.对政府而言，核心问题是费用。◆The committee's report went to the heart of the government's dilemma.委员会的报告直指政府窘境的实质。 see also heart ⇨ focus noun NOTE 辨析 Core or heart? Heart is used to talk about the most important part of a problem, especially when morality or emotions are involved; it is used especially in the phrase the heart of the matter/problem. Core is used when the problem is seen in more logical or intellectual terms; core is also used to talk about the most important subjects or activities in education or business, and can be used like an adjective before another noun. * heart指问题的核心，尤指道德或情感问题的核心，尤用于构成短语the heart of the matter/problem（事实／问题的核心）。core用于以较理性和明智的方式看待的问题，还指教育方面最重要的科目，或商务领域最核心的活动。还可以像形容词一样用于另一名词前◆the core subjects / curriculum / activities / business核心科目／课程／活动／业务◆the heart subjects/curriculum/activities/business ■ body [singular] the main part of sth, especially a building, vehicle or book or article （尤指建筑、车辆、书或文章的）主体，主要部分◆the body of the plane (= the central part where the seats are) 飞机机身◆There are some references in the main body of the text.课文正文中有几处谈到这一问题。■ crux [singular] the most important point about a situation （情形的）症结，关键◆Now we come to the crux of the matter.现在我们来谈事情的症结。■ nucleus /ˈnjuːkliəs; NAmE ˈnuːkliəs/ [singular] the central part of sth around which other parts are situated or collected 核心；中心◆These paintings will form the nucleus of a new collection.这些画将成为一批新藏品的核心。◆It was this cluster of houses which formed the nucleus of the village.这些挤在一起的房子构成村子的中心。ⓘ Nucleus is most often used to talk about the most important part of a place or exhibition, or the most important people within a group. * nucleus最常指某地或某展览最重要的部分，或某群体中的核心人物。 deep1 adjective deep sympathy 深切的同情a deep voice/sound 低沉的嗓音／声响deep ♦︎ sincere ♦︎ real ♦︎ genuine ♦︎ heartfelt ♦︎ from the heart ♦︎ wholeheartedThese words all describe an emotion or belief that you feel or believe strongly. 这些词均形容情感或信念强烈的、由衷的、深切的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sincere / genuine about sth◆deep / sincere / real / genuine / heartfelt sympathy / concern◆deep / sincere / real / genuine affection / respect / regret◆a deep / real / genuine sense of sth◆sincere / heartfelt thanks / apologies◆a sincere / genuine attempt (to do sth)◆a sincere / genuine person◆very deep / real / sincere / genuine◆really / completely sincere / genuine■ deep (of feelings or beliefs) strongly felt; showing what you really think or feel （感情或信念）强烈的，深切的；由衷的◆He expressed deep concern over the government's handling of the incident.他对政府处理该事件的手法表达了深切的关注。◆I felt a deep sense of loss when I heard of her death.听到她去世的消息我深感失落。▸ deeply adverb ◆They were deeply disturbed by the accident.这次事故使他们深感不安。■ sincere (of feelings, beliefs or intentions) showing what you really think or feel （感情、信念或意图）真诚的，诚挚的，诚恳的◆Please accept our sincere apologies.请接受我们真诚的道歉。◆I would like to express my sincere gratitude for your care and concern during this past week.我要为过去一周你对我的关心和照料表示诚挚的谢意。OPP insincere ⇨ false see also sincerity ⇨ truth ▸ sincerely adverb ◆I sincerely believe that this is the right decision.我由衷地认为这个决定是正确的。■ real (of feelings or behaviour) strong and sincere （感情或行为）强烈真挚的◆I had no real interest in politics.我对政治不大感兴趣。◆He was making a real effort to be nice to her.他真心诚意地努力对她好。■ genuine (of people, their feelings or intentions) sincere and honest; that can be trusted （人、感情或意图）真诚的，诚实的；可信赖的◆She always showed genuine concern for others.她对别人总是真诚关心。◆He came across as a very genuine person.他给人的印象是非常诚实可信。 OPP forced ⇨ artificial 2 ▸ genuinely adverb ◆He seemed genuinely sorry for what had happened.他对所发生的事情好像真的很遗憾。NOTE 辨析 Sincere or genuine?In many cases you can use either word. However, sincere is more likely to be used by sb about their own feelings and intentions; genuine is more likely to be used to express a judgement on sb else's feelings and intentions. 在许多情况下这两个词可以通用。但sincere多用于表述自己的感情或意图，genuine多用于表述对他人感情或意图的判断◆She insisted that they were making a sincere attempt to resolve the problem.她坚持说他们正在认真尝试解决这个问题。◆He made a genuine attempt to improve conditions.他真心实意地努力改善环境。◆Please accept our genuine apologies. ■ heartfelt /ˈhɑːtfelt; NAmE ˈhɑːrtfelt/ [usually before noun] showing strong feelings that are sincere 真切的；衷心的◆She made a heartfelt plea for her son to give himself up.她真切地恳求儿子去自首。◆Christina breathed a heartfelt sigh of relief.克里斯蒂娜如释重负地舒了一口气。■ from the (bottom of your) ˈheart idiom in a way that is sincere 发自内心地；诚心诚意◆I beg you, from the bottom of my heart, to spare his life.我诚心诚意地恳求你饶他一命。◆It was clearly an offer that came from the heart.那显然是个由衷的提议。■ wholehearted /ˌhəʊlˈhɑːtɪd; NAmE ˌhoʊlˈhɑːrtəd/ (approving) complete and enthusiastic 全心全意的；满腔热情的◆The plan was given wholehearted support.这项计划得到了全心全意的支持。▸ wholeheartedly adverb ◆I wholeheartedly agree with you.我完全同意你的看法。 despair verb despair ♦︎ give up hope ♦︎ lose hope ♦︎ lose heartThese words all mean to stop believing that sth you want will happen. 这些词均表示灰心绝望、丧失信心。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to despair / give up hope / lose hope of sth◆to despair / give up hope that...◆to almost despair / give up hope / lose hope◆to never give up hope / lose hope / lose heart◆to give up / lose all hope◆Don't despair / give up hope.■ despair /dɪˈspeə(r); NAmE dɪˈsper/ [intransitive] to stop believing that there is any possibility that a bad situation will change or improve 绝望；灰心；失去希望◆Don't despair! We'll think of a way out of this.别灰心！我们会找到出路的。◆They'd almost despaired of ever having children.他们对生孩子几乎不抱任何希望了。◆I despair of him; he can't keep a job for more than six months.我对他绝望了，他做任何工作都不超过半年。■ give up ˈhope phrase (gave, given)to stop believing that sth you want will happen 放弃希望；丧失信心◆Don't give up hope yet.别这么快失去信心。◆They have given up hope of finding any more survivors.他们对再找到幸存者已不抱希望了。 see also hope ⇨ hope noun 1 ■ lose ˈhope phrase (lost, lost)to stop believing that sth you want will happen 失去希望；丧失信心◆We have lost all hope of a negotiated settlement.我们对谈判解决已失去所有希望了。◆I never lost hope, even when I was told I would never walk again.我从不灰心丧气，即使在得知再也不能走路的时候也是如此。 see also hope ⇨ hope noun 1 NOTE 辨析 Give up hope or lose hope?You often lose hope gradually as a situation gets worse or the chances of sth happening seem to get less. You give up hope when you realize at a particular point that sth is not going to happen as you want. * lose hope常指由于情况恶化或某事发生的可能性减小而逐渐失去希望，give up hope则指在某个时刻意识到某事不可能如自己所愿而放弃希望。■ lose ˈheart idiom (lost, lost)to stop hoping for sth or trying to do sth because you have not been successful so far and you no longer feel confident 丧失信心；泄气◆We mustn't lose heart just because of a temporary setback.我们切莫仅因暂时的挫折就丧失信心。OPP take heart ⓘ If you take heart, you start to feel more positive about sth. * take heart表示开始对某事增强信心◆The government can take heart from the latest opinion polls.政府可以从最近的民意测验中找回信心。 hope verb ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ expect 另见expect条hope ♦︎ wait ♦︎ wish ♦︎ aspire ♦︎ set your sights on sth ♦︎ set your heart on sthThese words all mean to want sth to happen very much. 这些词均表示殷切希望某事发生。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to hope / wait / wish for sth◆to hope / wish that...◆to hope / wait / aspire to do sth◆to still hope for / wait for / wish for / aspire to sth◆to really / secretly / always / never hope for / wish for / aspire to sth◆to just / only hope / wish■ hope [intransitive, transitive] to want sth to happen and think that it is possible 希望，期望（某事发生）◆We're hoping for good weather on Sunday.我们盼望着星期天天气好。◆All we can do now is wait and hope.我们现在能做的就是等待和期盼。◆'Do you think it will rain?' 'I hope not.'“你觉得会下雨吗？”“但愿不会。”◆'Will you be back before dark?' 'I hope so, yes.'“你天黑之前能回来吗？”“我希望可以吧。”◆Let's hope we can find a parking space.希望咱们能找到停车位。◆It is hoped that over £10 000 will be raised.希望能筹得超过1万英镑。◆She is hoping to win the gold medal.她希望赢得金牌。■ wait [intransitive, transitive] to hope or watch for sth to happen, especially for a long time （尤指长时间地）希望，期待，盼望◆The team had waited for success for eighteen years.这个队企盼胜利已经十八年了。◆This is just the opportunity I've been waiting for.这正是我一直期待的机会。◆He's waiting for me to make a mistake.他正盼着我出错呢。◆I waited my chance and slipped out when no one was looking.我等待时机，趁没人注意时溜了出去。■ wish [intransitive] to think very hard that you want sth, especially sth that can only be achieved by good luck or magic 盼望，企求，祈盼（交好运或发生奇迹等）◆If you wish really hard, maybe you'll get what you want.用心祈盼，也许就能愿望成真。◆It's no use wishing for the impossible.企求不可能的事情是徒劳无益的。◆He has everything he could possibly wish for.一切他想要得到的东西他都有了。 see also wish ⇨ wish noun , wish ⇨ want verb ■ aspire / /əˈspaɪə(r)/ / [intransitive] (rather formal) to have a strong desire to achieve or become sth 渴望（成就）；有志（成为）◆She aspired to a scientific career.她有志于科学事业。◆He aspired to be their next leader.他渴望成为他们的下一任领导人。■ set your sights on sth idiom (setting, set, set) (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) to decide that you want sth and try very hard to get it 以⋯为奋斗目标；决心做到◆I had set my sights on a career in journalism.我立志从事新闻事业。ⓘ Set your sights on sth is usually used to talk about things that people want to achieve in sport or business. * set your sights on sth通常指人们在体育竞技或商业上决心达到某目标。■ set your ˈheart on sth■ have your heart ˈset on sth idiom (setting, set, set)to want sth very much, and not let anyone or anything make you change your mind 渴望；一心想要◆They've set their heart on a house in the country.他们下定决心要在乡下买房子。 hurt1 verb hurt sb's feelings 伤感情your feet hurt 脚疼hurt ♦︎ upset ♦︎ wound ♦︎ distress ♦︎ break sb's heart ♦︎ sadden ♦︎ sting ♦︎ painThese words all mean to make sb feel unhappy or upset. 这些词均表示让人感到不快或烦恼。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆It hurt / upset / distressed / saddened / pained me to see / think / know...◆It breaks my heart to see / think / know...◆It hurt / upset / distressed / saddened / pained me that...◆to hurt / wound sb's feelings◆to upset / distress yourself◆to not want / not mean to hurt / upset / wound / distress sb◆to really hurt sb / upset sb / wound sb / distress sb / break sb's heart / sting sb / pain sb◆to hurt / upset / wound / distress / sting / pain sb deeply■ hurt (hurt, hurt) [transitive, intransitive] to make sb feel unhappy or disappointed because of sth unpleasant that sb has done 使伤心；使失望◆I didn't want to hurt his feelings.我并不想伤害他的感情。◆It hurt me to think that he would lie to me.一想到他竟然对我说谎，我就很伤心。◆What really hurt was that he never answered my letter.真正让我伤心的是他从来不给我回信。 see also hurt ⇨ distress noun , hurt ⇨ upset adj. , hurtful ⇨ mean adj. 1 ■ upset (upset, upset) [transitive] to make sb/yourself feel unhappy, worried or annoyed 使烦恼；使担忧；使生气◆This decision is likely to upset a lot of people.这项决定很可能会使许多人感到不快。◆Try not to let him upset you.尽可能别被他激怒。◆Don't upset yourself about it.别为那件事心烦了。◆It upset him that nobody had bothered to tell him about it.让他恼火的是竟然没有人跟他提起过那件事。 see also upset ⇨ upset adj. , upsetting ⇨ painful 2 NOTE 辨析 Hurt or upset? Hurt is used especially to talk about sb you like or thought you could trust doing sth to make you unhappy. Upset can be used in some of these cases, but it is not used with feelings or without an object. * hurt尤指被喜欢或信赖的人弄得不快，upset有时可用于这种情况，但upset不与feelings连用，且必须带宾语◆upset his feelings ◆What really upset was... Upset, but not hurt, can also be used to talk about an action or person that worries or annoys sb, especially when this causes them to express their worry or anger, for example by crying or shouting. Being upset can be sth that people partly do willingly: you can upset yourself or let sb upset you. * upset还可以指某种行为或某人令人担心或生气，尤其是当这种不安或不快逼得人哭出来或喊出来；hurt则不可以这样用。upset还可以表示有些自寻烦恼的意思，如可以说upset oneself或let sb upset you◆Don't hurt yourself about it. ◆Try not to let him hurt you. ■ wound / /wuːnd/ / [transitive, often passive] (literary) to hurt sb's feelings 伤（感情）；使（心灵）受伤◆She felt deeply wounded by his cruel remarks.他那些刻薄的话让她深感受伤。▸ wounded adjective ◆She didn't know how to soothe his wounded pride.她不知道怎样安抚他那受伤的自尊心。■ distress / /dɪˈstres/ / [transitive] (rather formal) to make sb feel very unhappy or worried 使悲伤；使忧虑；使苦恼◆It was clear that the letter had deeply distressed her.这封信显然使她极为悲伤。◆Don't distress yourself.你别犯愁了。ⓘ Distress is stronger and more formal than upset and does not have the additional meaning of 'annoy'. * distress比upset语气更强，也更正式，且不含有“使生气”的意思。 see also distress ⇨ distress , distressed ⇨ upset , distressing ⇨ painful 2 ■ break sb's ˈheart idiom (broke, broken)to make sb feel extremely unhappy, especially when they feel that they can never be happy again 使非常难过；使心碎◆She broke his heart when she called off the engagement.她取消婚约使他为之心碎。◆It breaks my heart to see you like this.看到你这个样子我很难过。■ sadden [transitive, often passive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (formal) to make sb sad 使悲伤；使伤心；使难过◆We were deeply saddened by the news of her death.听到她的死讯，我们深感悲痛。◆It saddened her that people could be so cruel.人竟能如此残忍，这让她痛心。■ sting (stung, stung) [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (written) to make sb feel angry or upset 激怒；使不快◆He was stung by their criticism.他们的批评使他很恼火。◆Their cruel remarks stung her into action.他们伤人的话激怒了她，使她采取了行动。■ pain [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (formal) to make sb feel unhappy or upset 使悲伤；使苦恼◆She was deeply pained by the accusation.这一指控使她极为痛苦。◆It pains me to see you like this.看到你这个样子我很难过。 see also pain ⇨ distress noun , painful ⇨ painful 2 ▸ pained adjective ◆She looked at him with a pained expression.她表情痛苦地看着他。 learn verb learn ♦︎ study ♦︎ know ♦︎ acquire ♦︎ do ♦︎ memorize ♦︎ pick sth up ♦︎ master ♦︎ get the hang of sth ♦︎ revise ♦︎ learn/know sth by heart ♦︎ reviewThese words all mean to gain knowledge or skill by studying, from experience or from being taught. 这些词均表示学会知识或技能。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to learn / know / pick up sth from sb / sth◆to study / revise / review (sth) for sth◆to learn / know / memorize / pick up / master / get the hang of what...◆to learn / know / master / get the hang of how...◆to learn / study to be sth◆to learn / study / know / do / pick up / master a language◆to learn / study / know / do / pick up / master French / Arabic, etc.◆to learn / study / know / do / master / revise / review a subject◆to learn / study / do / revise / review geography / biology, etc.◆to learn / acquire / pick up / master a skill◆to learn / do / memorize a poem / speech◆to memorize a number◆to learn / know a poem / speech / number (off) by heart◆to quickly learn / pick up / master sth◆to thoroughly learn / study / master / revise / review sth◆to study / revise hard■ learn (learnt, learnt or learned, learned) [transitive, intransitive] to gain knowledge or skill by studying, from experience or from being taught; to read and repeat sth in order to be able to remember it 学；学习；学会；熟记◆I've forgotten most of what I learned at school.上学时学的东西我大部分都忘记了。◆She's still quite young and she's got a lot to learn.她还年轻，有很多东西要学。◆She's very interested in learning more about Japanese culture.她很想多了解日本文化。◆I'll need to learn how to use the new software.我得要学习怎样使用这种新软件。◆He learned to ride when he was about three years old.他大约三岁时就学会了骑马。◆You'll have to learn your lines (= for an acting part) by next week.你下周前必须把台词背熟。◆Most of the kids here are eager to learn.这里的大多数孩子都很好学。◆All children learn through play (= by playing).所有孩子都从玩耍中学习。◆We have to learn one of Hamlet's speeches for school tomorrow.我们明天上学得背诵哈姆雷特的一段台词。 see also learning ⇨ education noun ■ study [intransitive, transitive] to spend time learning about a subject by reading, doing research or going to school or college 学习；攻读◆Michael studied at Sussex University.迈克尔曾就读于萨塞克斯大学。◆He sat up very late that night, studying.那天晚上他学习到深夜。◆As a young composer he studied under Nadia Boulanger (= Nadia Boulanger taught him to be a composer).他年轻时师从纳迪亚•布朗热学习作曲。◆Did you ever study any sciences?你是否曾学习过自然科学？◆She's studying to be an architect.她在学建筑。ⓘ In American English study is the usual word for talking about preparing for a test or exam. 在美式英语中，复习备考通常用study◆I have two tests tomorrow, and I've barely had time to study.明天我要参加两个测验，可我几乎没有时间复习功课。◆I was up late studying for my biology final.我熬夜复习功课，准备生物学期末考试。In British English the usual word for this is revise. 在英式英语中，表达此义通常用revise。 see also study ⇨ education noun ■ know (knew, known) [transitive] to have learned a skill or language; to have gained knowledge of sth 学会，掌握，熟悉（技能或语言）◆Do you know how to use spreadsheets?你知道怎样使用电子数据表吗？◆Do you know any Japanese?你会日语吗？◆He knows this city better than anyone.他比任何人都要熟悉这座城市。 see also knowledge ⇨ knowledge ■ acquire / /əˈkwaɪə(r)/ / [transitive] (formal) to gain knowledge or a skill 获得，得到（知识或技能）◆She has acquired a good knowledge of English.她英语已经学得很好了。◆He decided to put his newly acquired skills to the test.他决定尝试一下自己新学到的技巧。 see also acquire ⇨ get 1 ▸ acquisition / /ˌækwɪˈzɪʃn/ / noun [uncountable] ◆theories of child language acquisition儿童语言习得理论■ do (does, did, done) [transitive] to study a subject, topic, book, etc., especially as a class at school or college 学习，研究（尤指参加学校的课程）◆I'm doing physics, chemistry and biology.我在学习物理、化学和生物。◆Have you done any (= studied anything by) Keats?你研究过济慈的作品吗？■ memorize ( memorise) / /ˈmeməraɪz/ / [transitive] to learn sth carefully so that you can remember it exactly 记住◆She had memorized his phone number.她已经记住了他的电话号码。◆Each night I tried to memorize long lists of verbs.每天晚上我都努力把一长串一长串的动词记起来。 see also memory ⇨ memory ■ ˌpick sth ˈup phrasal verb (rather informal) to get information or gain a skill by chance, without making a deliberate effort （偶然）得到，听到，学会◆I picked up one or two words of Thai while I was on vacation.度假期间我学了一两句泰语。◆This is a tip I picked up from my mother.这个窍门是我从我妈那里学来的。■ master /ˈmɑːstə(r); NAmE ˈmæstər/ [transitive] to learn or understand sth thoroughly 精通；掌握◆Once you've mastered the basics, you can begin to experiment a little.一旦你掌握了基本原理，就可以开始做一些尝试了。■ get the ˈhang of sth idiom (getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten) (informal) to learn how to do or use sth 掌握⋯的要领；了解⋯的方法◆It seems tricky at first but you'll soon get the hang of it.刚开始似乎很难对付，不过很快你就能掌握其要领。◆I never quite got the hang of riding a bike.我一直没能掌握骑自行车的要领。■ revise [intransitive, transitive] (BrE) to prepare for an exam by looking again at sth you have studied and reminding yourself of what you have learned 复习；温习◆I can't come out tonight－I'm revising.我今晚不能出去，我在复习。◆She's revising for her exams at the moment.目前她正在复习备考。◆Have you revised geography yet?你复习完地理了吗？▸ revision noun [uncountable] ◆Have you started your revision yet?你开始复习了吗？■ learn sth by ˈheart■ know sth by ˈheart idiom (learnt, learnt or learned, learned; knew, known)to learn and be able to remember sth such as a poem or set of facts exactly 背熟；记住◆He was told to learn the passage by heart.他被告知要把这段文章背熟。◆ (BrE) I had dialled the number so often that I knew it off by heart.这个号码我拨过很多次，都记住了。■ review [transitive, intransitive] (especially NAmE) to look again at sth you have learned or studied, especially in order to prepare for a test （尤指为备考而）温习，复习◆Take a little time to review your notes the evening before.前一天晚上你可以花点时间把笔记复习一下。ⓘ If you are talking about an individual student, review must take an object. 以单个学生作主语时，review后面必须接宾语◆I need to review for my math final. Use study instead. 但这种情况可以用study◆I need to study for my math final.我需要温习功课，准备数学期末考试。However, if you are talking about a teacher leading the class in a review, review can be used with or without an object. 但如果是指老师带领全班同学复习功课，review后面接不接宾语均可◆I think it would be a good idea to review the material in chapter 10.我觉得复习第10章的内容是个好主意。◆Next week we're going to be reviewing for the final.下周我们要复习，准备期末考试。 ▸ review noun [countable, uncountable] ◆I should have time for a quick review of my notes before the test.测验前我应该有时间把笔记过一遍。◆We'll have time at the end of class for review.接近下课时我们会有时间进行复习。 revolution2 noun the French Revolution 法国大革命a technological revolution 一场技术大变革revolution ♦︎ reversal ♦︎ turnaround ♦︎ U-turn ♦︎ a change of heart ♦︎ sea changeThese are all words for a complete change of conditions, opinion, plan or behaviour. 这些词均表示彻底转变。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a revolution / reversal / turnaround / U-turn / sea change in sth◆a U-turn / a change of heart on / over sth◆a complete reversal / turnaround / U-turn / change of heart◆an apparent reversal / change of heart◆a dramatic reversal / turnaround / U-turn◆to undergo a revolution / change of heart / sea change◆to represent a revolution / reversal / turnaround / change of heart◆to bring about a revolution / reversal / change of heart■ revolution [countable] a great change in conditions, ways of working or beliefs that affects large numbers of people 巨变；大变革◆a cultural / social / scientific revolution文化的／社会的／科学的重大变革◆A revolution in information technology is taking place.信息技术正在发生巨变。ⓘ The Industrial Revolution was the period in the 18th and 19th centuries in Europe and the US when machines began to be used to do work, and industry grew rapidly. * the Industrial Revolution指工业革命，发生于18和19世纪的欧洲和美国，那时开始用机器生产，工业迅速发展。■ reversal [countable] (rather formal) a change of sth so that it is the opposite of what it was 颠倒；彻底转变；逆转◆The new figures suggest a reversal of the trend.最新数字表明有逆转趋势。◆The government suffered a total reversal of fortunes last week.上个星期，政府的运气一下子倒过来了。 see also reverse ⇨ reverse ■ turnaround /ˈtɜːnəraʊnd; NAmE ˈtɜːrnəraʊnd/ (BrE also turnround) [countable, usually singular] a situation in which sth changes from bad to good 好转；起色；转机◆Is this the beginning of a turnaround in the economy?这是经济复苏的开始吗？■ ˈU-turn [countable] (informal, especially journalism 尤用于新闻) a complete change in policy or behaviour, usually one that is embarrassing （政策或行为上常令人尴尬的）彻底转变，180度大转变◆The government may be forced into an embarrassing U-turn on education policy.政府可能会被迫对教育政策作出尴尬的彻底转变。ⓘ U-turn is used especially to talk about changes in policy by governments or politicians. * U-turn尤指政府或政治人物的政策变化。 see also do a U-turn ⇨ break verb 4 ■ a ˌchange of ˈheart idiom if you have a change of heart, your attitude towards sth changes, usually making you feel more friendly, helpful, etc. 改变态度，改变看法（通常指变得更友好、有益等）◆Dan did not want to get married but recently he's had a change of heart.丹原本不想结婚，但最近他改变了主意。■ ˈsea change [singular] (written) a strong and noticeable change in a situation, especially in people's attitudes to sth （尤指民众态度的）大转变，巨变◆It was one of those momentous events that cause a sea change in public attitudes.这是那些导致公众态度大转变的重大事件之一。 |