| 例句 |
hold verb
⇨ hold (hold a box/baby) ⇨ have 1 (Employees hold 30% of the shares.) ⇨ have 4 (hold a meeting) ⇨ jail (hold sb prisoner) ⇨ keep 3 (held on computer) ⇨ reserve (hold a reservation) ⇨ support 2 (hold sb's weight) ⇨ think (hold views)hold noun
⇨ control (have a hold over sb) ⇨ take (a) hold ⇨ affect verb ⇨ get hold of sth ⇨ get 1 hold verb hold ♦︎ hold on ♦︎ cling ♦︎ clutch ♦︎ grip ♦︎ grasp ♦︎ clasp ♦︎ handle ♦︎ hang onThese words all mean to have sb/sth in your hands or arms. 这些词均表示抓住、抱住。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to hold / clutch / grip / clasp sth in your hand / hands / arms◆to hold / clutch / clasp sb / sth in your arms◆to hold / hold on to / cling to / clutch / grip / grasp / clasp / hang on to sb / sth by / with sth◆to hold / clutch / grip / grasp / clasp / hang on to sth◆to hold / cling / hang on◆to hold / clutch / clasp sth to you◆to hold / hold on to / cling on to / clutch / grip / grasp / clasp sb's hand◆to hold / hold on to / cling to / clutch / grip / grasp / clasp / hang on to sb / sth tightly◆to hold / hold on to / cling to / clutch / grip / grasp / clasp sb / sth firmly◆to hold / hold on to / clutch / grip / clasp / hang on to sb / sth tight■ hold (held, held) [transitive] to have sb/sth in your hand or arms 抓住；抱住◆She was holding a large box.她抱着一个大盒子。◆The captain held the trophy in the air.队长把奖杯高高举起。◆I held the baby gently in my arms.我轻轻地抱着宝宝。◆The girl held her father's hand tightly.那女孩紧紧抓着她父亲的手。◆They walked along the street, holding hands.他们手拉手在街上走。◆He held her by the shoulders.他搂着她的双肩。◆The lovers held each other close.这对恋人紧紧相拥。▸ hold noun [singular, uncountable] ◆His hold on her arm tightened.他把她的胳膊抓得更紧了。◆She tried to keep hold of the child's hand.她用力抓住那孩子的手不放。■ ˌhold ˈon■ ˌhold ˈonto sb/sth phrasal verb (held, held) [no passive] to continue to hold sb/sth; to put your hand on sb/sth and not take your hand away 抓紧；不放开◆Hold on and don't let go until I say so.抓住别放，等我让你松手再松开。◆It's very windy－you'd better hold on to your hat.风很大，你最好按住帽子。◆He held onto the back of the chair to stop himself from falling.他扶着椅子后背，以免摔倒。■ cling (clung, clung) [intransitive] to hold on to sb/sth tightly, especially with your whole body （尤指全身）抱紧◆Survivors clung to pieces of floating debris.幸存者紧紧抱住漂在水面的残骸。◆Leaves still clung to the branches.叶子依然紧附在树枝上。◆Cling on tight!抱紧！◆They clung together, shivering with cold.他们紧紧抱在一起，冷得直发抖。■ clutch [transitive, intransitive] to hold sb/sth tightly, especially in your hand; to take hold of sth suddenly 紧握；抓紧；突然抓住◆She stood there, the flowers still clutched in her hand.她站在那儿，手里仍然紧握着那束花。◆He gasped, and clutched his stomach.他大口喘着气，紧紧按住自己的胃部。◆He felt himself slipping and clutched at a branch.他感觉自己正往下滑，急忙抓住一根树枝。■ grip (-pp-) [transitive, intransitive] to hold on to sth very tightly with your hand 紧握；紧抓◆'Please don't go,' he said, gripping her arm.“求求你别走。”他紧紧抓住她的手臂说道。◆Grip the rope as tightly as you can.用尽全力握紧绳索。◆She gripped on to the railing with both hands.她双手紧紧抓住栏杆。▸ grip noun [countable, usually singular] ◆Keep a tight grip on the rope.紧紧抓住绳索别松开。◆The climber slipped and lost his grip.登山者滑了一下，手松开了。■ grasp /grɑːsp; NAmE græsp/ [transitive] to take hold of sth firmly 抓紧；抓牢◆He grasped my hand and shook it warmly.他热情地抓住我的手握了起来。◆Kay grasped him by the wrist.凯紧紧抓住他的手腕。◆He grasped the pan by its handle.他握紧锅柄。ⓘ The object of grasp is often sb's hand or wrist. * grasp的宾语常常是某人的hand或wrist。▸ grasp noun [countable, usually singular] ◆I grabbed him, but he slipped from my grasp.我紧紧抓着他，可他还是从我手里溜掉了。■ clasp /klɑːsp; NAmE klæsp/ [transitive] (written) to hold sb/sth tightly in your hand or in your arms 握紧；攥紧；抱紧◆He leaned forward, his hands clasped tightly together.他俯身向前，双手十指紧扣。◆They clasped hands (= held each other's hands).他们紧握着对方的手。◆She clasped the children in her arms.她把那些孩子紧紧搂在怀里。◆He clasped her to him.他把她搂抱过来。ⓘ The object of clasp is often your hands, sb else's hand or another person. * clasp的宾语常常是自己或他人的hand或另一个人。▸ clasp noun [singular] ◆He took her hand in his firm clasp.他紧紧地握着她的手。■ handle [transitive] to touch, hold or move sth with your hands （用手）触，拿，搬动◆Our cat hates being handled.我们的猫不喜欢被人摆弄。◆The label on the box said: 'Fragile. Handle with care.'箱子上的标签写着：“易碎，小心轻放。”■ ˌhang ˈon phrasal verb (hung, hung) [no passive] to hold on to sth very tightly, especially in order to support yourself or stop yourself from falling 抓紧（尤指以防摔倒）◆Hang on tight. We're off!紧紧抓好了，我们出发了！◆I hung on to him for support.我紧紧抓着他以防摔倒。 have1 verb have a new car/coat/job 有一辆新车；有一件新外衣；有一份新工作have an ability/two children 有能力；有两个孩子have an accident 出事故have a meeting/party/conversation 举行会议／聚会；进行谈话have ♦︎ have got ♦︎ own ♦︎ hold ♦︎ possessThese words all mean to have sth that belongs to you. 这些词均表示拥有。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to have / have got / own / possess a car / house◆to have / have got / own a company◆to have / have got / hold a driving licence / passport◆to have / have got money◆to own / hold sth legally / jointly■ have (has, had, had) [transitive, no passive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to have sth as a possession; to have sth that belongs to you 有；持有；拥有◆He had a new car and a boat.他有一辆新车和一条船。◆I don't have that much money on me.我身上没带那么多钱。◆She has a BA in English.她拥有英语学士学位。▸ the haves noun [plural] ◆the division between the haves and the have-nots (= between the people who have enough money and possessions and those who don't) 富人和穷人之间的差异■ have got (has, had, had) [transitive, no passive] (especially BrE) (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to have sth 有；持有；拥有◆He's got a new job.他有了一份新工作。◆We haven't got much time, I'm afraid.恐怕我们没有很多时间。◆Have you got a belt I could borrow?你有腰带可以借给我吗？NOTE 辨析 Have or have got?There is no difference in meaning between these two verbs, but have got is not often used in American English. It is common in British English, especially in spoken and informal written language and especially in the present tense. In the past tense, a form of have is used more often than the forms had got and hadn't got. 这两个动词含义无差别，但是have got一般不用于美式英语，但常用于英式英语，尤其常见于口语和非正式书面语，特别用于现在时。过去时中，have的过去式比had got和hadn't got常用◆He had a house by the sea.他在海边有座住宅。◆He had got a house by the sea. ◆Did you have this toy when you were a child?你小时候有这样的玩具吗？◆We didn't have enough bedrooms.我们的卧室不够住。◆ (less frequent) I hadn't got a car at the time.我那时候没车。 ■ own [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to have sth that legally belongs to you, especially because you have bought it 拥有，有（尤指买来的东西）◆Do you own your house or do you rent it?你的房子是自己的，还是租的？◆I don't own anything of any value.我没有什么值钱的东西。◆Most of the apartments are privately owned.多数公寓都是私人的。◆an American-owned company一家美资公司◆Don't tell me what to do－you don't own me!别支使我－我又不是卖身给你！■ hold (held, held) [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (rather formal) to have or own sth, especially money, shares or official documents 拥有，持有（尤指钱、股份或官方文件）◆Employees hold 30% of the shares.员工持有30%的股份。◆The company has held the advertising contract since 2005.这家公司自2005年起一直拥有这份广告合同。◆Applicants must hold a full driving licence.申请人必须持有正式驾照。ⓘ You can also hold an opinion, views, a job, position or office or a record or title. * hold可以后跟opinion、view、job、position、office、record、title等◆He holds strange views on education.他对教育的看法很不一般。◆How long has he held office?他任职多久了？◆She held the title of world champion for three years.她世界冠军的头衔保持了三年。 ■ possess [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (formal) to have or own sth, especially sth special or valuable 有，拥有（尤指特殊或昂贵的物品）◆He was charged with possessing a shotgun without a licence.他被控无照持有猎枪。◆I'm afraid this is the only suitcase I possess.恐怕我只有这一个箱子。◆The gallery possesses a number of the artist's early works.这家美术馆藏有一些那位画家的早期作品。 see also possession ⇨ thing 3 have4 verb have a new car/coat/job 有一辆新车；有一件新外衣；有一份新工作have an ability/two children 有能力；有两个孩子have an accident 出事故have a meeting/party/conversation 举行会议／聚会；进行谈话have ♦︎ hold ♦︎ host ♦︎ call ♦︎ give ♦︎ convene ♦︎ throwThese words all mean to arrange for people to be together for a particular purpose. 这些词均表示组织、举办。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to have / hold / host / call / give / convene a conference◆to have / hold / call / convene a meeting◆to have / hold / host / give / throw a party◆to have / hold / host / give a dinner◆to have / hold / call an election◆to have / hold / host a competition / contest◆to have / hold a conversation / debate / discussion■ have (has, had, had) [transitive] to organize an event; to organize or take part in a discussion or conversation 组织（活动）；举办，参加（讨论或谈话）◆Let's have a party to celebrate.我们办个聚会庆祝一下吧！◆We had a very interesting discussion about climate change.我们就气候变化举办了一场非常有趣的讨论会。■ hold (held, held) [transitive, often passive] (rather formal) to organize or have an event or discussion 召开，举行，进行（活动或讨论）◆The next conference will be held in Ohio.下一次会议将在俄亥俄州举行。◆It's impossible to hold a conversation with all this noise.噪音这么大，根本没法交谈。■ host [transitive] to organize an event to which others are invited and make all the arrangements for them 主办，主持（活动）◆The President hosted a banquet in her honour.总统设宴欢迎她。◆Germany hosted the World Cup finals.德国主办了世界杯决赛阶段比赛。▸ host noun [countable] ◆Ian, our host, introduced us to the other guests.主人伊恩把我们介绍给其他客人。◆The college is playing host to a group of visiting Russian scientists.学院正在接待一批来访的俄罗斯科学家。■ call [transitive] to order sth to happen; to announce that sth will happen 下令举行；宣布进行◆The principal called a staff meeting to discuss the changes.校长宣布召开教职工大会讨论这些变化。◆The drivers were going to call a strike.司机将举行罢工。■ give (gave, given) [transitive] to organize an event and invite people to it; to perform sth in public 举办，举行（活动）；表演◆The Chancellor will be giving a press conference later today.今天晚些时候校长将举行记者招待会。◆She gave a reading from her latest novel.她朗诵了她最近出版的小说中的一段。■ convene / /kənˈviːn/ / [transitive] (formal) to arrange for people to come together for a formal meeting or meetings 召集，召开（大会）◆A Board of Enquiry was convened immediately after the accident.事故发生后立即成立了调查委员会。■ throw [transitive] (threw, thrown) (rather informal) to organize a party and invite people to it 举行（聚会）◆They threw a party for him on his birthday.他们在他生日那天为他办了一个生日会。◆ (informal) He always throws a big bash on Oscar night.他总是在奥斯卡之夜举办盛大的聚会。ⓘ In this meaning throw always collocates with party or bash. 表达此义时，throw总是与party或bash搭配。 jail verb jail ♦︎ detain ♦︎ hold ♦︎ imprison ♦︎ lock sb up/away ♦︎ intern ♦︎ send sb to prison ♦︎ incarcerateThese words all mean to keep sb in a place and prevent them from leaving. 这些词均表示囚禁、关押。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to jail sb / detain sb / hold sb / imprison sb / lock sb up / intern sb / send sb to prison for sth◆to detain / hold / imprison / lock sb up / incarcerate sb in sth◆to jail / detain / hold / imprison sb without trial / charge■ jail [transitive, usually passive] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) to put sb in a prison for committing a crime 监禁（犯人）◆He was jailed for life for murder.他因犯谋杀罪被终身监禁。 see also jail ⇨ prison ■ detain / /dɪˈteɪn/ / [transitive] (rather formal) to keep sb in an official place, such as a police station, prison or hospital, and prevent them from leaving 拘留；扣押；监禁◆One man has been detained for questioning.一名男子被拘留审问。▸ detention noun [uncountable] ◆police powers of arrest and detention警方的逮捕权和拘留权■ hold (held, held) [transitive] to keep sb and not allow them to leave 拘禁；拘留◆Police are holding two men in connection with last Thursday's bank raid.警方拘留了两名与上周四银行抢劫案有关的男子。◆He was held prisoner for two years.他被囚禁了两年。■ imprison / /ɪmˈprɪzn/ / [transitive, often passive] (rather formal) to put sb in a prison for committing a crime; to keep sb in a place from which they cannot escape 监禁（犯人）；关押；扣留◆They were imprisoned for possession of drugs.他们因藏有毒品而被监禁。◆ (figurative) Some young mothers feel imprisoned in their own homes.有些年轻的母亲觉得待在家里如同坐牢。 see also prison ⇨ prison ▸ imprisonment noun [uncountable] ◆He was sentenced to life imprisonment for murder.他因犯谋杀罪被判终身监禁。■ ˌlock sb ˈup ■ ˌlock sb aˈway phrasal verb (informal) to put sb in prison or a mental hospital, often because they are dangerous 将（具有危险性的人）关进监狱（或精神病医院）◆You ought to be locked up!你应该被关起来！◆After what he did, they should lock him up and throw away the key.鉴于他的所作所为，他们就该把他关起来，然后把钥匙扔掉。■ intern /ɪnˈtɜːn; NAmE ɪnˈtɜːrn/ [transitive, often passive] to put sb in prison during a war or for political reasons, although they have not been charged with a crime （战争期间或由于政治原因未经审讯）拘留，禁闭，关押◆They were interned by the government for the duration of the war.战争期间他们被政府关押了起来。▸ internment noun [uncountable] ◆the internment of suspected terrorists对可疑恐怖分子的拘留◆an internment camp拘留营■ ˌsend sb to ˈprison phrasal verb (sent, sent)to cause sb to be put in prison for committing a crime, especially when this is done by a court （尤指法院）判某人入狱◆The judge sent her to prison for seven years.法官判她七年监禁。 see also prison ⇨ prison ■ incarcerate /ɪnˈkɑːsəreɪt; NAmE ɪnˈkɑːrsəreɪt/ [transitive, usually passive] (formal) to imprison sb, especially when this is felt to be wrong in some way, because it is unfair or because conditions are too harsh 监禁，关押，禁闭（尤指做法有失公正或条件过于恶劣）◆Thousands were incarcerated in labour camps.成千上万的人被关进了劳改营。 keep3 verb Where do you keep the sugar? 你把糖放哪儿了？I've kept all her letters. 我保留着她的所有来信。keep a diary 记日记keep chickens/bees 养鸡；养蜜蜂keep a promise/an appointment 遵守承诺；按时赴约continue2Keep smiling!hold sb/sth upYou're an hour late－what kept you?maintain1keep sth goingpersistkeep goingkeep ♦︎ hold ♦︎ store ♦︎ retainThese words all mean to continue to have or contain sth, especially information. 这些词均表示保存或存留，尤指保存信息。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to keep / hold / store / retain information / data◆to keep / hold a record / records◆to store / retain facts◆to hold / retain land / territory◆to still / no longer keep / hold / store / retain sth■ keep (kept, kept) [transitive] to write sth down as a record 记下；记录；记载◆She kept a diary for over twenty years.她记了二十多年的日记。◆Keep a note of where each item can be found.把每样物品的位置记录下来。◆Separate accounts must be kept for each different business activity.每一笔生意都要分别记账。■ hold (held, held) [transitive] to keep sth, especially documents or information, so that it can be used later 保存，存储（尤指文件或信息）◆Employees do not have access to personal records held on computer.雇员没有机会看到存储在计算机中的个人记录。◆Our solicitor holds our wills.我们的律师保存着我们的遗嘱。■ store [transitive] to keep information or facts in a computer or in your brain （在计算机里）存储；（在脑子里）记住◆Each department has a different system for storing and retrieving data.每个部门都有不同的数据存储与检索系统。◆We are conducting research into how information is stored in the brain.我们正在研究大脑是如何存储信息的。■ retain / /rɪˈteɪn/ / [transitive] (formal) to continue to hold or contain sth 保持；保留◆These plants will need a soil that retains moisture during the summer months.这些植物需要种在能在夏天里保持湿润的土壤里。◆This information is no longer retained within the computer's main memory.这一信息不再保存在计算机的主存储器中。 reserve verb reserve ♦︎ save ♦︎ keep ♦︎ holdThese words all mean to prevent sth from being used so that it can be used in the future by a particular person or for a particular reason. 这些词均表示保留、预留。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆reserve / save / keep sth for sb / sth◆reserve / save / keep / hold a seat / place for sb◆save / keep some food for sb■ reserve [transitive, usually passive] to prevent sth from being used so that it can be used in the future by a particular person 保留；预留◆These seats are reserved for special guests.这些座位是留给贵宾的。◆She got all the media attention usually reserved for celebrities.媒体把通常只给名人的关注全部给了她。◆I am pleased to inform you that a place has been reserved for you in this class.很高兴的告诉你，这个班已经给你预留了位置。ⓘ You can also reserve a seat, table, room, etc. for yourself by asking for it to be kept for you. * reserve还可以指预订座位、餐位、房间等。 see also reserve ⇨ order verb 2 ■ save [transitive] to reserve sth for sb else to use 保留；保存◆I've saved some food for you.我为你留了些吃的。◆I won't save you a seat if you're late.要是你迟到，我不会为你留座位的。■ keep (kept, kept) [transitive] (especially BrE) to save sth for sb （为某人）保留，留下◆I've kept two seats for us near the front.我已为我们留了两个前排座位。◆The man in the shop said he'd keep it for me until Friday.那个店员说他会替我留到周五。NOTE 辨析 Reserve, save or keep? Reserve is used especially when sth is officially saved for sb/sth: you might have a place reserved for you in a class, but you would not 'reserve some food for sb'. Save is more often used if sth is reserved for you unofficially, for example by a friend. Keep is similar to save and is used especially in British English. * reserve尤指正式保留，可表示在班上预留学习名额，但不表示为某人留食物。save常指非正式预留，如朋友代为预留。keep用法与save类似，尤用于英式英语。■ hold (held, held) [transitive] (formal) to keep a seat, place or room reserved for sb 保存，保留（预订）◆We can hold your reservation for three days.您的预订我们可以保留三天。 support2 verb support a party/policy 拥护一个政党／政策support the weight of sth 支撑某物的重量support ♦︎ hold sb/sth up ♦︎ bear ♦︎ hold ♦︎ prop sth up ♦︎ carryThese words all mean to hold sth in position so that it does not fall. 这些词均表示支撑、承载。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to support / bear / hold / carry the weight of sb / sth■ support [transitive] to hold sb/sth in position; to prevent sb/sth from falling 支撑；支承；支护◆The platform is supported by concrete pillars.这个平台是用混凝土支柱来支撑的。◆Support the baby's head when you hold her.你抱婴儿时要托着她的头。◆She walked carefully down the stairs, supported by her grandson.她在孙儿的搀扶下小心地走下楼梯。▸ support noun [uncountable] ◆She held on to his arm for support.她抓住他的胳膊以免摔倒。 see also support ⇨ post noun ■ hold sb/sth ˈup phrasal verb (held, held) [often passive] to support or raise sb/sth and stop them from falling 搀扶；支撑；举起；抬起◆His baggy grey trousers were held up with a piece of string.他那宽松的灰裤子靠一根带子系着。◆He held up his hands (= raised his arms) in a gesture of innocence.他举起双手，做了一个表示无辜的姿势。■ bear (bore, borne) [transitive] (rather formal) to support the weight of sb/sth 支撑；承受（重量）◆The ground was too soft to bear his weight.地面太软，承受不住他的重量。■ hold [transitive] (held, held)to support the weight of sb/sth 支撑；承受（重量）◆I don't think that branch will hold your weight.我觉得那根树枝撑不住你的重量。NOTE 辨析 Bear or hold?These words have the same meaning, but bear is slightly more formal. Bear can also be used figuratively, but hold is not used in this way. 这两个词含义相同，但bear稍正式些。bear也可用于比喻，hold则不这样用◆ (figurative) He seemed unable to bear the weight of his reponsibility.他似乎承担不了这种重任。◆He seemed unable to hold the weight of his responsibility. ■ prop sth ˈup phrasal verb (-pp-)to prevent sth from falling by putting sth under it to support it 撑起；支起◆They had to prop up the tree with long poles under the branches.他们得用一些长杆子支在树枝的下面把树撑起。■ carry [transitive] to support the weight of sth, especially sth that is moving 支撑，承载（尤指移动的物体）◆A road bridge has to carry a lot of traffic.公路桥必须承载很多来往车辆。 think verb ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ regard 另见regard条think ♦︎ believe ♦︎ feel ♦︎ hold ♦︎ reckon ♦︎ make sth of sb/sth ♦︎ be under the impressionThese words all mean to have an idea that sth is true or possible or to have a particular opinion about sb/sth. 这些词均表示认为、以为。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to think / believe / feel / hold / reckon / be under the impression that...◆It is thought / believed / reckoned that...◆to be thought / believed / felt / held / reckoned to be sth◆to think / believe / feel / make sth of sb / sth◆to think / believe / feel sth about sb / sth◆to sincerely / honestly think / believe / feel / hold◆to personally think / believe / feel / reckon◆to really / seriously / mistakenly think / believe / feel◆to firmly believe / hold / be under the impression■ think (thought, thought) [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to have an idea that sth is true or possible, although you are not completely certain; to have a particular opinion about sb/sth 认为；以为◆Do you think (that) they'll come?你认为他们会来吗？◆I didn't think you liked sports.我原以为你不喜好运动。◆I think this is their house, but I'm not sure.我想这是他们家，但不敢肯定。◆We'll need about 20 chairs, I should think.我看我们需要大约20把椅子。◆It was once thought that the sun travelled around the earth.人们一度认为太阳绕着地球转。◆What did you think about the idea?你原先认为这个想法怎么样？◆Well, I like it. What do you think?嗯，我觉得不错。你认为呢？◆'Will we make it in time?' 'I think so.'“我们能及时完成吗？”“我想可以。”◆'Is he any good?' 'I don't think so.'“他怎么样？”“我认为一般。”■ believe [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to think sth 认为；以为◆Police believe (that) the man may be armed.警方认为那个人可能携有武器。◆It is believed that the couple have left the country.据信那对夫妇已经离开了这个国家。◆The paintings are believed to be worth over $20 000 each.那些画作据估计每件价值都超过2万元。◆'Where does she come from?' 'Spain, I believe.'“她是哪里人？”“我想是西班牙人。”◆'Does he still work there?' 'I believe so / not.'“他还在那里工作吗？”“我想是的／不是。”◆She believes that killing animals for food or fur is completely immoral.她认为，为获取食物或皮毛而杀害动物是完全不道德的。 see also belief ⇨ view 1 NOTE 辨析 Think or believe?When you are expressing an idea that you have or that sb has of what is true or possible, believe is more formal than think. It is used especially to talk about ideas that other people have; think is used more often for talking about your own ideas. 在表示自己或他人认为某事真实或可能时，believe比think正式。believe尤用于谈论他人的想法，think多用于谈论自己的想法◆Police believe...警方认为⋯◆I think...我觉得⋯If you say 'I believe...', you can suggest that this is what you have been led to believe by sb else and so you are not responsible if the information is wrong. When you are expressing an opinion, believe is stronger than think and is used especially to talk about matters of principle; think is used more to talk about practical matters or matters of personal taste. 如果说I believe ...，则可能意味着自己是被别人引导而有某种看法，因此对信息真确与否不承担责任。当表达意见时，believe语气较think强烈，尤用于谈论原则性问题；think更多用于谈论实际问题或个人喜好◆I believe that we have a responsibility towards the less fortunate in society.我认为我们对社会的弱势群体负有责任。◆I think we should reserve seats in advance.我想我们应该提前订位。◆I don't think he's funny at all.我一点儿都不觉得他有趣。 ■ feel (felt, felt) [transitive, intransitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to have a particular opinion about sth that has happened or about what you/sb ought to do （对发生的事或应做什么）有某种看法；认为；以为◆We all felt (that) we were unlucky to lose.我们都认为我们输了是运气不好。◆I felt (that) I had to apologize.我觉得我得道歉。◆She felt it to be her duty to tell the police.她认为她有责任报警。◆I felt it advisable to do nothing.我觉得不采取任何行动才是明智的。◆This decision is, I feel, a huge mistake.我认为这个决定是个天大的错误。◆This is something I feel strongly about.这事令我感触颇深。 see also feeling ⇨ view 1 ■ hold (held, held) [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (rather formal) to have an opinion or belief about sb/sth; to believe that sth is true 怀有，持有（意见或信念）；认为；相信◆He holds strange views on education.他对教育有很不一样的看法。◆He has very firmly-held religious beliefs.他的宗教信仰极其坚定。◆She is held in high regard by her students (= they have a high opinion of her).学生对她评价很高。◆Parents will be held responsible (= will be considered to be responsible) for their children's behaviour.父母会被认为对孩子的行为负有责任。■ reckon [transitive, intransitive] (especially BrE, informal, especially spoken) to think that sth is true or possible 认为，以为（某事为真或可能）◆I reckon (that) I'm going to get that job.我认为我会得到那份工作。◆He'll be famous one day. What do you reckon (= Do you agree)?总有一天他会成为名人的。你觉得呢？◆It's worth a lot of money, I reckon.我想这值很多钱。◆'They'll never find out.' 'You reckon?'(= I think you may be wrong about that.) “他们永远不会发现。”“你真的这么认为？”ⓘ Reckon is also used in the passive in the phrase It is reckoned that.... * reckon亦可用于被动语态，出现在短语It is reckoned that ...中◆It is generally reckoned that about half of all job vacancies are never advertised publicly.人们普遍认为，所有职位空缺中约有一半从未公开刊登广告。This passive use is not as informal as I reckon... and is used more in writing, but it is still slightly informal. 这种被动用法比I reckon ...正式，更多用于书面语，但仍略显不太正式。 see also reckon ⇨ regard ■ ˈmake sth of sb/sth phrasal verb (made, made) (usually used in negative statements and questions 通常用于否定陈述和疑问句) to understand the meaning or character of sb/sth; to have an opinion about sb/sth 领会；理解；认为◆I can't make anything of this note from Petra.我根本不懂佩特拉这张便条的意思。◆I don't know what to make of the new manager.我不知道怎么说这位新经理才好。■ be ˌunder the imˈpression that... idiom to have an idea that sth is true especially when it later proves not to be true 以为；（尤指）误认为◆I was under the impression that the work had already been completed (= but I have just learnt that it had not).我还以为已经完工了呢。 control noun control ♦︎ power ♦︎ rule ♦︎ authority ♦︎ jurisdiction ♦︎ discipline ♦︎ command ♦︎ hold ♦︎ grasp ♦︎ forceThese are all words for the ability that a person or group has to control sb/sth else. 这些词均表示控制力、操纵力。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆control / power / rule / authority / jurisdiction / command / a hold over sb / sth◆a hold / grasp on sb / sth◆to be in control / power / authority / command / force◆to be under sb's control / rule / authority / jurisdiction / command◆to be beyond / outside the control / power / authority / jurisdiction of sb◆the power / authority / jurisdiction to do sth◆absolute / complete control / power / authority / command◆direct control / rule / authority / command◆to have control / power / authority / jurisdiction / command / a hold over sb / force◆to exercise control / power / authority / jurisdiction◆to take control / power / command◆to assume control / power / authority / command◆to give sb control / power / authority / jurisdiction / command / a hold over sb◆to delegate power / authority / command (to sb)◆to lose control / power / authority / command / your hold on sth◆to relinquish control / power / command / your hold on sth■ control [uncountable] the power to make decisions about how a country, an area, an organization or sb's life is run; the ability to make sb/sth do what you want （对国家、地区、机构或人的）管理权，控制权，支配权；控制（或操纵）能力◆The party is expecting to gain control of the council in the next election.该党期待着下次选举能获得对地方议会的控制权。◆The aim is to give people more control over their own lives.目的是让人能对自己的生活有更多的自主权。◆The city is under enemy control.那座城市在敌人控制之下。◆The teacher had no control over the children.那个老师管不住学生。◆She struggled to keep control of her voice.她竭力控制住自己的声音。◆She lost control of her car on the ice.她在冰上开车失去了控制。◆Owing to circumstances beyond our control the flight to Rome has been cancelled.由于出现了无法控制的情况，飞往罗马的航班已经取消。 see also self-control ⇨ restraint , controlled ⇨ disciplined ■ power [uncountable] the ability to control people or things; political control of a country or area 控制力；影响力；统治；政权◆He has the power to make life very difficult for us.他权力很大，可以把我们整得狼狈不堪。◆The Emperor had absolute power over all his subjects.皇帝对所有的臣民拥有绝对权力。◆She was determined to go through with her plan, now that she had him in her power (= was able to do what she liked with him).既然可以摆布他，她决定把她的计划实施到底。◆The party came to power at the last election.该党在上次选举中当选执政。◆He seized power in a military coup.他在一次军事政变中夺了权。◆It was the beginning of a power struggle between rival factions within the party.这是该党内部对立派系间权力斗争的开始。◆The war brought about a shift in the balance of power.那场战争使势力的均衡发生了转变。 see also office ⇨ role ■ rule [uncountable] the government of a country or area by a particular person, group or political system （特定的人、团体或政治体系对国家或地区的）统治，管理◆There was a gradual process of returning the country to civilian rule.将那个国家恢复到文官统治经历了一个渐进的过程。◆The country remained under direct rule by the occupying powers.那个国家仍在占领势力的直接统治下。ⓘ Rule often refers to control by an outside country or group, by a political system which allows little freedom, or sth which contrasts with this. * rule常指外国或外部集团的控制，以及专制或非专制政体的统治◆colonial / British / Ottoman rule殖民地的／英国的／奥斯曼的统治◆Fascist / military rule法西斯主义／军事统治◆a return to civilian / democratic / majority rule回到文官／民主／多数派统治 see also rule ⇨ rule verb 1 ■ authority [uncountable] the power to give orders to people 权力；威权；当权◆She now has authority over the people who used to be her bosses.她现在管辖着曾是她上司的那些人。◆Nothing will be done because no one in authority (= who has the power to do sth) takes the matter seriously.什么也办不了，因为掌权的谁也不认真对待这个问题。■ jurisdiction /ˌdʒʊərɪsˈdɪkʃn; NAmE ˌdʒʊrɪsˈdɪkʃn/ [uncountable, countable] (formal) the power that an official organization has to make legal decisions about sb/sth 司法权；审判权；管辖权◆These matters do not fall within our jurisdiction.这些事情不归我们管辖。◆The agreement doesn't come under the jurisdiction of the EU courts.该协议不归欧盟法院管辖。■ discipline [uncountable] the practice of training people to obey rules and orders and punishing them if they do not; the controlled behaviour or situation that results from this training 守纪训练；训导；纪律；风纪◆The school has a reputation for high standards of discipline.这所学校以纪律严明著称。◆Strict discipline is imposed on army recruits.新兵受到严格的纪律训练。◆She keeps good discipline in class.她严格执行课堂纪律。 see also discipline ⇨ punish verb , disciplined ⇨ disciplined , self-discipline ⇨ restraint ■ command [uncountable] the power to give orders to a group of people, especially in the armed forces or police （尤指对军队或警察的）控制，管辖，指挥◆He has 1 200 men under his command.他掌管着1 200人。◆Who's in command here?这里谁主事？◆The police arrived and took command of the situation.警方到达后控制了局势。 see also command ⇨ order verb 1 , command ⇨ run 2 ■ hold [singular] influence or control over a person or situation （对人或局势的）影响，控制◆What she knew about his past gave her a hold over him.她知道他的过去，所以能够控制他。◆Enemy forces have consolidated their hold on the northern province.敌军已经巩固了他们对北部省份的控制。■ grasp [singular] (rather informal) control over a situation, especially when it is hard to hold on to （尤指对难以控制的局势的）掌控◆The company continues to maintain its grasp on the business computer market.那家公司继续维持着对商用电脑市场的控制。◆Don't let the situation escape from your grasp.别让局面失控。NOTE 辨析 Hold or grasp?In this meaning, a hold is stronger than a grasp. You have, strengthen or consolidate a hold. A grasp has to be maintained or things may slip or escape from it. 表达此义时，hold语气比grasp强。hold可以作have、strengthen或consolidate的宾语。grasp则可以作maintain、slip或escape from的宾语。■ force [uncountable] the authority of a law or rule （法律或规定的）权力，效力◆These guidelines do not have the force of law.这些指导原则不具有法律效力。◆The court ruled that these standards have force in British law.法院裁定，这些标准在英国法律中具有效力。 affect verb ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ influence verb 另见influence动词词条affect ♦︎ involve ♦︎ concern ♦︎ influence ♦︎ work ♦︎ impact ♦︎ take (a) hold ♦︎ leave a mark ♦︎ act ♦︎ colourThese words all mean to have an effect on sb/sth. 这些词均表示对某人或某事物有影响。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to impact / act / leave a mark on sth◆to be involved / concerned in sth◆to affect / influence what happens◆to affect / influence how / why / when / where sth happens◆to affect / influence / colour sb's judgement / attitude◆to directly / indirectly affect / involve / concern / influence / impact on / act on sb / sth◆to adversely / inevitably affect / influence / impact on sth■ affect [transitive, often passive] to have an effect on sb/sth 影响◆How will these changes affect us?这些变化会对我们有什么影响？◆Your opinions will not affect my decision.你的意见不会影响我的决定。◆The south of the country was worst affected by the drought.该国南方旱情最严重。◆The type of audience will affect what you say and how you say it.听众的类型会影响你讲话的内容和方式。 see also effect ⇨ effect noun , bias ⇨ influence verb ■ involve [transitive] to be a situation, event or activity that sb takes part in or is affected by 牵涉；牵连；影响◆There was a serious incident involving a group of youths.有一起严重事件涉及一群年轻人。◆How many vehicles were involved in the crash?这起撞车事故涉及多少辆汽车？■ concern [transitive, often passive] (rather formal) (of an issue, situation or event) to involve sb because they have a particular reason to be interested in it or a particular part to play in it （问题、状况或事件）涉及，牵扯（某人）◆Don't interfere in what doesn't concern you.不要插手跟你无关的事情。◆The meetings were often embarrassing for all concerned.这些会面常常让所有相关人员觉得尴尬。◆The individuals concerned will have some explaining to do.涉及的每个人都要作些解释。NOTE 辨析 Involve or concern? Involve suggests a greater degree of physical activity, when sb is actually doing sth or sth happens to them. * involve较为强调实际活动。某人与此相关，是因为他的所作所为，或因为事情发生在他身上◆an incident concerning a group of youths ◆the vehicles concerned in the crash Concern suggests a greater degree of interest or responsibility, when an issue particularly affects sb, or a situation is caused by sb. * concern较为强调利益或责任。某人与此相关，是因为受到特定影响，或导致某种局面。 ■ influence [transitive] to have an effect on a particular situation and the way it develops 影响；对⋯起作用◆A number of social factors influence life expectancy.诸多社会因素影响人的预期寿命。◆The local climate is influenced by the Gulf Stream.当地气候受湾流影响。◆At college she met the two people who most influenced her career.上大学时，她遇到两个人，对她的事业影响最大。 see also influence ⇨ influence verb , influence ⇨ effect noun ■ work [intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to have a particular effect on sb/sth, especially either a positive or negative effect 产生（正面或负面）作用◆Your age can work against you in this job.你的年龄会不利于你做这份工作。◆Speaking Italian should work in his favour.会说意大利语应该对他有好处。■ impact / /ˈɪmpækt/ / [intransitive, transitive] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻 or business 商业) to have an effect on sth, especially a bad one 有（坏的）影响；有（坏的）作用◆The border dispute could impact on the work of aid agencies.边界争端有可能影响援助机构的工作。◆The company's performance was impacted by the high value of the pound.公司业绩受到了英镑升值的冲击。 see also impact ⇨ effect noun ■ take (a) ˈhold idiom to begin to have a strong effect on sth or have complete control over sb/sth; to become very strong 开始有巨大影响；开始完全控制；变得十分强大◆Panic took hold of him and he couldn't move.他惊恐万分，动弹不得。◆It was in the sixties that the cult of the teenager first took hold.正是在上世纪60年代，青少年的狂热崇拜开始蔚然成风。■ leave your ˈmark■ leave a ˈmark■ leave its ˈmark idiom to have an effect on sb/sth, especially a bad one, that lasts for a long time 留下久远的（坏）影响◆Such a traumatic experience is bound to leave its mark.这样的痛苦经历肯定会留下烙印。■ act [intransitive](especially of a drug, chemical or physical force) to have a physical effect on sth （药物、化学品或外力）有影响，起作用◆Alcohol acts quickly on the brain.酒精可以对大脑迅速产生影响。◆It took a few minutes for the drug to act.几分钟后药物才起作用。 see also action ⇨ effect noun ■ colour (BrE) (NAmE color) [transitive] to have an effect on sth, especially sb's opinion or attitude, often in a negative way （尤指消极地）影响（观点或态度）◆The experience moulded and coloured her whole life.这次经历影响了她一生。◆Don't let your judgement be coloured by personal feelings.不要让你的判断受到个人感情的影响。 get1 verb get tickets/a job/some sleep 弄到票；找到工作；睡会儿觉get a letter/shock 收到信；大吃一惊Go and get help. 去找人帮忙。We got there at 9. 我们9点钟到了那里。get the bus 搭公车 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ gain 1 另见gain条第1义get ♦︎ obtain ♦︎ acquire ♦︎ take ♦︎ pick sth up ♦︎ take sth out ♦︎ get hold of sthThese words all mean to do sth in order to make sure you have sth. 这些词均表示得到、获得、获取。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to get / obtain / acquire / take / pick up sth from sb / sth◆to get / obtain / acquire / pick up / get hold of a ticket◆to get / obtain / take out a loan / mortgage / patent◆to get / obtain / take out insurance / cover◆to get / obtain / take water / oil / minerals (from sth)◆to get / obtain / acquire / take / get hold of information◆to get / obtain / take a / an extract / example / sample◆to get / obtain / acquire a licence / permit◆to get / obtain permission / approval / advice◆to get / acquire a reputation / taste for sth■ get (getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten) [transitive, no passive] (not usually used in the progressive tenses 通常不用于进行时) (rather informal, especially spoken) to do sth in order to make sure you have sth 获得；得到◆Did you manage to get tickets for the concert?你弄到音乐会的票了吗？◆Try to get some sleep.尽量睡会儿吧。◆He has just got a new job.他刚找到一份新工作。◆Did you get a present for your mother?你给你母亲买礼物了吗？◆Did you get your mother a present?你给你母亲买礼物了吗？ see also get ⇨ buy ■ obtain [transitive] (rather formal, especially written) to get sth, especially by making an effort （尤指经努力）获得，赢得◆I finally managed to obtain a copy of the report.我最终设法弄到了这份报告的副本。◆Further details can be obtained by writing to the above address.详情可致信上述地址获取。 see also extract ⇨ pump ■ acquire / /əˈkwaɪə(r)/ / [transitive] (rather formal) to get sth by your own efforts, ability or behaviour; to get sth by being given it （通过努力、能力或行为）获得；得到◆She has acquired a good knowledge of English.她英语已经学得很好。◆He has acquired a reputation for dishonesty.他得到了不老实的名声。◆I have recently acquired a taste for olives.我最近喜欢吃橄榄了。◆How did the gallery come to acquire so many Picassos?那家画廊怎么会得到那么多毕加索的作品？ⓘ Acquire is often used to talk about the way sb starts to look or behave, or when sb starts to like sth. * acquire常用于指某人外表、行为或喜好发生新变化◆to acquire a reputation / bad name / criminal record / tan / look / appearance获得声望／坏名声／犯罪记录；晒成棕褐色；呈现⋯的样子／外观◆to acquire a love of / taste for sth开始喜欢／爱好It can also be used when sb learns a new skill. * acquire还可指学习新的技能。 see also acquire ⇨ buy , acquire ⇨ learn ■ take (took, taken) [transitive] to get sth from a particular source 从⋯中取出；取材于◆The scientists are taking water samples from the river.科学家正从河中采集水样。◆Part of her article is taken straight (= copied) out of my book.她的文章有一部分是直接从我的书中抄来的。◆The machine takes its name from its inventor.该机器是以发明者的名字命名的。ⓘ In this meaning take is often used to talk about people such as scientists or engineers getting samples, specimens, water, cells, minerals, etc. from a particular source. It is also used to talk about getting information, a story, an extract or an example from a larger written text. 表达此义时，take常与sample、specimen、water、cell、mineral等词搭配，指科学家或工程师等从某来源地采集样本。它还可与information、story、extract或example搭配，指从大段书面文字中获取信息、题材，进行摘录或引证。■ ˌpick sth ˈup phrasal verb (rather informal) to get sth 得到；收到◆I picked up a few leaflets when I was out today.我今天出门收到了几张传单。◆I picked up £30 in tips today.我今天收到30英镑的小费。◆I seem to have picked up a terrible cold from somewhere.我似乎从什么地方染上了重感冒。ⓘ Pick sth up is often used to talk about getting sth when you are out somewhere. It is also used to talk about getting money that you have earned or won, and about getting an illness or injury. * pick sth up常指出门在外时得到某物，还可指挣钱或赢钱，以及得病、受伤。 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ suffer from sth for other ways of talking about getting illnesses. 另见suffer from sth条，看表示染病的其他表达方式。 ■ ˌtake sth ˈout phrasal verb (took, taken)to obtain an official document or service 获得，领到（正式文件或服务）◆We had to take out a loan to pay for the car.我们得申请贷款来付汽车款。◆How much does it cost to take out an ad in a newspaper?在报纸上登广告需要花多少钱？ⓘ People typically take out insurance, a pension, a subscription, a loan, a mortgage or an advertisement. * take out一般与insurance、pension、subscription、loan、mortgage或advertisement搭配。■ get ˈhold of sth idiom (getting, got, got)to find sth that you want or need 弄到想要（或所需）的东西◆It's almost impossible to get hold of tickets for the final.几乎不可能弄到决赛的门票。◆How did the press get hold of the story?新闻界是怎么得到这个消息的？ |