| 例句 |
native noun
⇨ citizen (a native of Austria) ⇨ resident (speak like a native)native adj.
⇨ cultural citizen noun citizen ♦︎ voter ♦︎ taxpayer ♦︎ native ♦︎ national ♦︎ subjectThese are all words for a person who belongs to a particular country and has legal rights there. 这些词均表示公民、国民。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a citizen / native / national of a country◆a British citizen / voter / taxpayer / national / subject◆a US / Australian, etc. citizen / voter / taxpayer / national◆an ordinary / average citizen / voter / taxpayer◆a foreign / fellow citizen / national■ citizen [countable] a person who has the legal right to belong to a particular country 公民◆She's Italian by birth, but is now an Australian citizen.她生于意大利，但现在是澳大利亚公民。 see also citizen ⇨ resident ▸ citizenship noun [uncountable] ◆You can apply for citizenship after five years' residency.居住满五年可申请公民身份。■ voter [countable] a person who votes or has the right to vote, especially in a political election （尤指政治选举中的）投票人，选举人，有选举权的人◆Only 60% of eligible voters actually used their vote.只有60%的合资格选民行使了选举权。■ taxpayer / /ˈtækspeɪə(r)/ / [countable] a person who pays tax to the government, especially on the money that they earn 纳税人◆The changes make an average taxpayer £2.50 a week better off.这些改革使纳税人平均每周少交2.50英镑的税。◆Hundreds of thousands of pounds of taxpayers' money have been spent on the project.这个项目已经花上纳税人的几十万英镑。ⓘ The taxpayer is often used to refer to the ordinary people of a country as a group, when talking about government spending. 在谈论政府支出时，taxpayer常指一国的老百姓群体◆What is the cost to the taxpayer of hosting the Olympics?举办奥运会要花纳税人多少钱？◆Should politicians be able to travel first class at the taxpayer's expense?政客出行能花纳税人的钱坐头等舱吗？◆It was estimated to have cost the US taxpayer $35 billion.据估计，这花费了美国纳税人350亿美元。 ■ native [countable] a person who was born in a particular country or area 出生于某国（或某地）的人◆She was not a native of the island, but had lived there for many years.她不是在那个岛出生的，但在那儿生活了很多年。 see also native ⇨ resident noun , native ⇨ cultural adj. ■ national [countable] (rather formal) a person who belongs to a particular country （某国的）公民◆The government has advised British nationals to leave the area.政府建议英国公民离开该地区。ⓘ Nationals is used especially when talking about people of a particular nationality who are abroad, for example living and working in a foreign country. * national尤指在国外生活、工作的侨民。▸ nationality / /ˌnæʃəˈnæləti/ / noun [uncountable, countable] ◆She has dual nationality (= is a citizen of two countries).她有双重国籍。◆The college attracts students of all nationalities.这所大学吸引着各国的学生。■ subject [countable] (rather formal) a person who has the right to belong to a particular country, especially one with a king or queen （尤指君主制国家的）国民，臣民◆British subjects and Commonwealth citizens do not need visas.英国国民和英联邦公民不需要签证。◆The prince had to tax his subjects heavily to raise money for the war.国王不得不对他的臣民征重税来为战争筹款。 resident noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ tenant 另见tenant条resident ♦︎ citizen ♦︎ inhabitant ♦︎ dweller ♦︎ householder ♦︎ local ♦︎ nativeThese are all words for a person who lives in a particular place. 这些词均表示居民、居住者。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆local residents / citizens / inhabitants / householders◆rural residents / inhabitants / dwellers / householders◆city / urban residents / dwellers◆permanent residents / inhabitants◆private citizens / householders■ resident / /ˈrezɪdənt/ / [countable] a person who lives in a particular place or who has their home there 居民；住户◆There were confrontations between local residents and the police.当地居民和警察之间有过冲突。◆Japan has more than 1.1 million registered foreign residents.在日本登记的外国居民超过110万人。 see also reside ⇨ live ■ citizen / /ˈsɪtɪzn/ / [countable] a person who lives in a particular place 居民；市民◆She is a prominent citizen of the town.她是那个城市的杰出市民。◆The king was visiting France as a private citizen (= not as a head of state).国王正以私人身份访问法国。ⓘ Citizen is used especially to make a comment about people's character or status as members of the community. * citizen尤用于评论人的品质或作为社会成员的地位◆This terrible crime has shocked all law-abiding citizens.这桩可怕的罪行震惊了所有守法公民。◆When you're old, people treat you like a second-class citizen (= with fewer rights than other people).你老了以后，人们就把你当二等公民对待。 see also citizen ⇨ citizen ■ inhabitant / /ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/ / [countable] a person or animal that lives in a particular place （某地的）居民，栖息动物◆It is a town of about 10 000 inhabitants.这是一个有约1万名居民的城镇。◆He is Brixham's oldest inhabitant.他是布里克瑟姆最早的居民。◆The island's earliest inhabitants came from India.岛上最早的居民来自印度。 see also inhabit ⇨ live NOTE 辨析 Resident or inhabitant? Resident is the most general word here and can refer simply to all the people who live in a town, area or country. It can also refer to people who have their home in a particular place for official purposes, for example for paying tax. A resident is usually part of a modern society, living in a house or flat in a village, town or city. Inhabitant can be used in a similar way, or it can refer to people (or animals) living a more basic life either in the past or in a wilder environment. * resident在本组词中含义最宽泛，可指居住在某个城镇、地区或国家的所有人，亦可指出于纳税等公务目的将家安在某处的人。resident通常指住在村镇或城市房子或公寓的居民，是现代社会的一部分。inhabitant有类似用法，也可指生活在过去或是比较荒蛮的环境中生活较为简朴的人，还可指生存在某处的动物◆the inhabitants of the rainforest / tundra / remote islands热带雨林／苔原／偏远岛屿的居民 ■ dweller [countable] (especially in compounds 尤用于构成复合词) (rather formal, written) a person or animal that lives in the particular place that is mentioned 居民；居住者；栖身者◆The disease spread quickly among the poor slum dwellers of the city.这种疾病在那座城市的贫民窟迅速蔓延。◆Almost all Asian hornbills are forest dwellers.几乎所有的亚洲犀鸟都栖身于森林。■ householder /ˈhaʊshəʊldə(r); NAmE ˈhaʊshoʊldər/ [countable] (formal) a person who owns or rents the house that they live in 房主；住户◆Single householders receive a 20% discount on their council tax.单身户主缴纳市政税享有20%的减税。■ local [countable, usually plural] a person who lives in a particular place or area, especially compared with people coming from outside 当地人，本地人（尤与外地人相对）◆The locals are very friendly.当地人很友好。◆Tensions have been growing between students and locals in the area.那个地区的学生和当地居民之间关系日益紧张。■ native [countable] a person who lives in a particular place, usually sb who has lived there a long time, and especially compared with tourists or foreigners 本地人，当地人（尤与游客或外国人相对）◆You can always tell the difference between the tourists and the natives.游客与当地人的区别一望便知。◆She speaks Italian like a native.她的意大利语说得和意大利人一样。ⓘ In the past the word native was used by Europeans to describe a person who lived in a place originally, before white people arrived there. This use of the word is now considered offensive and should be avoided. When using native simply to mean sb who has lived in a place for a long time, make it clear that the contrast is with tourists or foreigners (especially those who speak a different language), not with white people or Westerners. In many cases it may be better to use local instead. 在过去，欧洲人用native一词指某地在白人来到之前的原住民、土著，这一用法如今被视为冒犯，应当避免。用native表示在某地住了很长时间的当地人时，要说清楚是与游客或外国人（尤其是讲别种语言的）相对而言的，而不是与白人或西方人相对。在许多情况下，用local可能会更好◆You can always tell the difference between the tourists and the locals.游客与当地人的区别一望便知。However, in the context of language, use native. 不过，谈论语言时，用native◆She speaks Italian like a local. see also native ⇨ citizen noun , native ⇨ cultural adj. cultural adjective cultural ♦︎ national ♦︎ ethnic ♦︎ native ♦︎ racial ♦︎ tribal ♦︎ indigenous ♦︎ folkThese words all describe sth connected with a particular country, culture or group of people. 这些词均表示民族文化的、种族的、民间的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆native / indigenous to somewhere◆a cultural / a national / an ethnic / a racial / a tribal / an indigenous group◆a cultural / an ethnic / a native / a tribal / an indigenous community◆native / tribal / indigenous population / peoples / leaders◆cultural / national / tribal / indigenous / folk traditions◆a national / an ethnic / a native / a tribal / an indigenous language◆national / ethnic / native / tribal / folk dress / costume◆ethnic / native / indigenous / folk art / music◆sb's cultural / national / ethnic / racial identity / origin◆a cultural / national / racial stereotype◆cultural / ethnic / racial / tribal divisions◆cultural / ethnic / racial differences / factors / background / diversity / minorities◆native / indigenous species / plants■ cultural [usually before noun] connected with the culture of a particular society or group, its customs and beliefs 与文化有关的；文化的◆Teachers need to be aware of cultural differences.教师需要了解文化差异。◆The custom is deeply rooted in the religious and cultural heritage of the region.这项风俗深深地根植于这个地区的宗教和文化传统。▸ culturally adverb ◆a culturally diverse society多元文化的社会■ national [usually before noun] connected with or typical of a particular country; shared by all the people of a country 国家的；民族的；全国的◆During your visit, you should take the opportunity to sample the national dish.逗留期间，你应该借机品尝该国的民族风味菜。◆This is not just a sporting event; for many it is a matter of national pride.这不仅是一项体育赛事。对许多人而言，这事关民族尊严。 see also nation ⇨ country 1 ■ ethnic [usually before noun] connected with or belonging to a nation, race or tribe that shares a cultural tradition; happening or existing between people of different races or tribes; typical of a country or culture that is very different from modern western culture and therefore interesting for people in western cultures 民族的；种族（间）的；具有民族特色的；异国风情的◆This region of Bulgaria has a large ethnic Turkish population.保加利亚的这一地区有很多土耳其族人。◆The conference strongly condemned the practice of ethnic cleansing (= mass killing of one ethnic group by another).大会强烈谴责了种族清洗行为。◆The country is divided along ethnic lines.这个国家按民族划分界线。◆There was a stall selling ethnic jewellery from Afghanistan.有一个摊位销售来自阿富汗的民族特色珠宝首饰。ⓘ Ethnic has become a more popular word in recent years to describe a person's background or origins, or the group they belong to, in phrases such as ethnic group/origin/minority. It is considered more general and less offensive than words such as race or tribe. It can describe not just the racial background of a group of people, but also their religion, customs and culture. * ethnic近年成为一个更为流行的词，描述人的背景或出身，或所属的族裔，用在ethnic group/origin/minority等短语中。ethnic被认为含义比较宽泛，比race或tribe冒犯性要小，不仅可描述某群体的种族背景，还可描述其宗教、风俗和文化。 see also ethnic group ⇨ people 2 ▸ ethnically adverb ◆an ethnically divided region种族分裂地区■ native [only before noun] connected with the place where you were born and lived for the first years of your life, the place where you have always lived or a place where you have lived for a long time 出生地的；儿时居住地的；本地的；当地的◆It's a long time since he visited his native Poland.他很久没有回故乡波兰了。◆Her native language is German.她的母语是德语。◆His work is barely known in his native country of Sweden.他的著作在他的祖国瑞典鲜有人知。◆Are you a native Berliner (= a person who has always lived in Berlin)?你是土生土长的柏林人吗？ⓘ Native can also mean 'connected with the people who originally lived in a country before other people, especially white people, came there'. * native亦可表示“原住民的”◆The native peoples depend on the forest for their livelihoods.土著族群以森林为生。Some people find this use of the word offensive and prefer the term indigenous; however, Native American is still the preferred term for members of the races of people who were the original people living in America. As with many words to describe race, the most acceptable terms often change over time. 有人认为native的这种用法有冒犯性，倾向于用indigenous；不过，仍倾向于用Native American指美洲各种族的原住居民。有许多描述种族的词，认可度最高的用语常随时间而改变。 ⓘ Native can also describe animals or plants that exist naturally in a place. In this meaning it can be used before a noun or in the phrase native to a place. * native亦可表示动植物原产于某地的。表达此义时，它可用于名词前，或用在native to后跟某个地区的短语中◆Introduced species are often a threat to native plants.引进的物种常威胁原生植物。◆There are about 17 hedgehog species native to Europe, Asia and Africa.在欧洲、亚洲和非洲，约有17种原生刺猬。 OPP foreign , alien ⇨ foreign see also native ⇨ citizen noun , native ⇨ resident noun ■ racial / /ˈreɪʃl/ / [usually before noun] happening or existing between people of different races; connected with a person's race 种族的；种族间的；人种的◆The killings came at the end of a week of racial violence.一个星期的种族暴乱后，杀戮开始了。◆He struggled to overcome racial prejudice.他努力克服种族偏见。 see also race ⇨ people 2 ▸ racially adverb ◆The attacks were not racially motivated.袭击事件不是由种族原因引起的。◆racially mixed schools不分种族的学校■ tribal / /ˈtraɪbl/ / [usually before noun] connected with a tribe or tribes; happening or existing between people of different tribes 部落（间）的；部族（间）的◆In rural areas, family and tribal loyalties remain important.在农村地区，忠于家庭和宗族依然重要。◆The area had been ravaged by tribal warfare.这个地区遭部落战争毁坏殆尽。 see also tribe ⇨ people 2 ■ indigenous / /ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs/ / (formal) (of people or their culture, animals or plants) belonging to a particular place rather than coming to it from somewhere else （人、文化、动植物）本地的，当地的，土生土长的◆Antarctica has no indigenous population.南极洲没有原住人口。◆The reserve supports a wide range of indigenous species.那个保护区育有许多本地物种。◆The kangaroo is indigenous to Australia.袋鼠原产于澳大利亚。■ folk /fəʊk; NAmE foʊk/ [only before noun](of art or culture) traditional and typical of the ordinary people of a country or community; based on the beliefs of ordinary people （艺术或文化）民间传统的，民俗的；流传民间的；普通百姓的◆Scottish folk dancing苏格兰民间舞蹈◆a Russian folk song俄罗斯民歌◆Garlic is widely used in Chinese folk medicine.大蒜广泛应用于中国民间医药。 |