| 例句 |
coarse adj.
⇨ coarse (coarse fabric/hair/sand) ⇨ offensive (coarse language) coarse adjective coarse ♦︎ rough ♦︎ spiky ♦︎ leathery ♦︎ scratchy ♦︎ scaly ♦︎ spiny ♦︎ prickly ♦︎ bristlyThese words all describe things that are not soft to touch. 这些词均表示粗糙的、不平滑的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆coarse / rough / leathery / scaly / spiny skin◆a rough / leathery / scaly hand◆coarse / rough / scratchy cloth / fabric / material◆coarse / spiky / bristly hair◆a spiky / spiny / prickly leaf / bush■ coarse / /kɔːs; NAmE kɔːrs/ (rather formal or literary) (of skin or fabric) having a surface that is not even or regular; (of hair, sand, etc.) consisting of relatively thick or large pieces （皮肤或布料）粗糙的，不平滑的；（毛发、沙子等）粗的，大颗粒的◆The monks wore coarse linen habits.那些修士穿着粗糙的亚麻布长袍。◆The coarse sand produces soils which are very free-draining.粗砂形成的土壤渗透性很好。OPP soft , fine ⓘ Soft skin, hair, fur or fabric is smooth and pleasant to touch. * soft指皮肤、头发、毛皮或织物光滑、柔顺◆a dress made from the finest, softest silk用最精细柔软的丝绸制作的连衣裙A fine powder is made of very small grains. * fine可指颗粒极小◆fine sand / flour细沙；精制面粉 ■ rough (of skin or fabric) having a surface that is not even or regular （皮肤或布料）粗糙的，不平滑的，凹凸不平的◆The skin on her hands was hard and rough.她手上的皮肤又硬又粗。 OPP soft NOTE 辨析 Coarse or rough?When talking about skin or fabric, coarse is a more literary word than rough; coarse but not rough also describes hair with thick strands (= individual hairs) or sand, salt or gravel with relatively large grains or stones. 谈论皮肤或织物时，coarse比rough文学味道更浓。coarse可以形容hair，指发丝粗；也可以形容sand、salt或gravel，指颗粒大；但rough不能这样用。■ spiky (of plants) having sharp points; (of hair) sticking straight up from the head （植物）有尖刺的；（头发）刺猬式的◆It has spiky leaves, tinged with a delicate pink around the edges.它叶子带刺，边缘略带淡粉色。◆He had spiky hair, strong opinions and a wacky sense of humour.他头发短硬，思想激进，开玩笑时显得疯疯癫癫的。 see also spike ⇨ tip ■ leathery that looks or feels hard and tough like leather 坚韧粗糙的；似皮革的◆He was a slim man, with leathery skin and clear blue eyes.他身材修长，皮肤粗糙，有一双清澈的蓝眼睛。■ scratchy (of clothes or fabric) rough and unpleasant to the touch （衣服或织物）扎人的，粗糙的◆This sweater is too scratchy.这件毛衣太扎人。■ scaly /ˈskeɪli/ / (of skin) dry, rough and tending to break into small, thin pieces; covered with scales like the skin of a fish or reptile （皮肤）有鳞屑的，有皮屑的；表面是鳞片状的◆Typical symptoms are redness, acne, dry scaly skin and rashes.典型症状有皮肤发红、长粉刺、干燥有鳞屑，还有起疹子。■ spiny / /ˈspaɪni/ / (rather formal or technical 术语) (of animals or plants) having sharp points like needles （动植物）有刺毛的，带刺的，多刺的◆Beware spiny sea urchins on the sea bed.小心海底带刺的海胆。■ prickly covered with prickles (= small sharp points) 多刺的◆The hedgehog curled up in a prickly ball.刺猬蜷成了一个刺球。NOTE 辨析 Spiky, spiny or prickly? Spiky is used more in everyday language or literary contexts to talk about sth that is covered in, or is shaped like sharp points. Spiny is used in more scientific texts describing plants and animals covered in points that look like needles. * spiky多用于日常语言或文学语境下，指带尖刺，或形似尖刺。spiny多用于科学文本中，指植物和动物长有针刺◆a spiny anteater / lobster / mouse / mollusc / sea urchin针鼹；带刺的龙虾；刺毛鼠；多刺的软体动物／海胆 Prickly is often used to describe how you imagine it would feel if you touched it. Prickles are usually shorter than the points on spiky or spiny things. * prickly常会引起刺痛的联想。 prickle指动植物身上的刺，通常比spiky或spiny所形容的刺短。 ■ bristly / /ˈbrɪsli/ / like or full of bristles (= short stiff hairs) 刚毛似的；布满刚毛的◆He stroked his bristly chin.他摸了摸自己胡子拉碴的下巴。 offensive adjective ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ insulting 另见insulting条offensive ♦︎ abusive ♦︎ bad ♦︎ filthy ♦︎ rude ♦︎ foul ♦︎ coarseThese words all describe unpleasant or shocking language or people. 这些词均表示语言或人无礼的、冒犯的、惹人憎恶的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆offensive / abusive to sb◆offensive / abusive / bad / filthy / rude / foul language◆an offensive / an abusive / a filthy / a rude / a coarse word◆an offensive / an abusive / a rude gesture / remark / comment◆an offensive / a filthy / a rude joke◆very / quite offensive / abusive / rude / foul / coarse◆rather offensive / rude / foul / coarse■ offensive (rather formal) causing sb to feel upset, insulted or annoyed 冒犯的；得罪人的；无礼的◆I've had enough of her offensive remarks.我受够了她冒犯的言论。◆His comments were deeply offensive to a large number of single mothers.他的评论严重触怒了众多的单身母亲。◆This job is stressful enough even without clients being offensive.即便客户不是那么无礼，这份工作的压力也够大的。OPP inoffensive ⓘ A person or thing that is inoffensive is not likely to offend or upset anyone. * inoffensive指人或事物不冒犯人的、不讨人嫌的◆a shy, inoffensive young man腼腆温和的小伙子 ■ abusive / /əˈbjuːsɪv/ / (rather formal) very offensive; criticizing sb in an unfair and offensive way 辱骂的；恶语的；毁谤的◆He was fined for making abusive comments to the referee.他因辱骂裁判而被罚款。◆He became abusive when he was drunk.他喝醉时就满口脏话骂人。■ bad [usually before noun] offensive 冒犯的；得罪人的；无礼的◆Most of the complaints received were about bad language.接到的投诉大多跟说粗话有关。ⓘ In this meaning, bad is always used in the phrase bad language. 表达此义时，bad总是用在短语bad language中。■ filthy very offensive and usually connected with sex 下流的；淫秽的；猥亵的◆That's enough of your filthy language!你的下流话真是让人受够了！◆He's got a filthy mind (= is always thinking about sex).他满脑子淫念。■ rude (especially BrE) offensive or embarrassing and often connected with sex 粗野的；猥亵的；下流的◆The joke is too rude to repeat.这个笑话太下流，不宜重复。◆Someone made a rude noise.有人发出了猥亵的声音。■ foul / /faʊl/ / [usually before noun](of language) including rude words and swearing （语言）充满脏话的，辱骂性的，下流的◆He called her the foulest names imaginable.他用能想得出的最下流的话骂她。◆I'm sick of her foul mouth (= habit of swearing).我讨厌她那张动不动就骂人的臭嘴。■ coarse /kɔːs; NAmE kɔːrs/ (rather formal) rude and offensive, especially about sex 粗鲁无礼的，粗俗的（尤指涉及性的）◆He constantly made coarse jokes about his girlfriend.他总拿他的女朋友开些粗俗的玩笑。 |