| 例句 |
afraid adj.
⇨ afraid (afraid of the dark) ⇨ I'm afraid ⇨ sorryafraid adjective ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ worried 另见worried条afraid ♦︎ frightened ♦︎ scared ♦︎ terrified ♦︎ alarmed ♦︎ fearful ♦︎ paranoid ♦︎ intimidated ♦︎ startled ♦︎ petrifiedThese words all describe feeling or showing fear. 这些词均表示害怕、惧怕。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达害怕的程度| startled | ➔ | afraid | ➔ | terrified | ➔ | petrified | | alarmed | | frightened | | | | | | intimidated | | scared | | | | | | | fearful | | | | | | | paranoid | | | | |
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆frightened / scared / fearful / paranoid about sth◆afraid / frightened / scared / terrified / fearful / petrified of sb / sth◆terrified / alarmed / intimidated / startled by sb / sth◆afraid / frightened for sb◆afraid / frightened / scared / terrified / fearful / petrified that...◆afraid / frightened / scared to do sth◆Don't be afraid / frightened / scared / alarmed / intimidated.◆There's no need to be afraid / frightened / scared / alarmed / paranoid / intimidated.◆to feel afraid / frightened / scared / alarmed / paranoid / terrified / petrified◆to look afraid / frightened / scared / terrified / alarmed / startled / petrified◆to sound afraid / frightened / scared / terrified / alarmed◆to get frightened / scared / paranoid◆frightened / scared / terrified out of your wits◆frightened / scared to death■ afraid [not before noun] feeling fear; worried that sth bad might happen 害怕；担心（不好的事会发生）◆There's nothing to be afraid of.没什么可怕的。◆Aren't you afraid (that) you'll fall?你不担心会跌倒吗？◆Don't be afraid to ask if you don't understand.要是不懂，尽管问好了。OPP unafraid ⓘ Unafraid is rather formal and only used in written English; it is much more frequent to say not afraid. * unafraid相当正式，只用于书面语，更常用not afraid◆I'm not afraid of you!我不怕你！◆ (rather formal, written) He felt calm and unafraid.他既不慌张也不害怕。 ■ frightened feeling fear; worried that sth bad might happen 害怕的；担心的◆a frightened child受了惊吓的小孩◆She was frightened that the glass would break.她担心玻璃会破碎。◆I'm frightened for him (= for example, that he will be hurt).我担心他的安危。 see also frighten ⇨ frighten , frightening ⇨ frightening , fright ⇨ fear noun ■ scared (rather informal) feeling fear; worried that sth bad might happen 害怕的；担心的◆The thieves got scared and ran away.小偷害怕了，就跑掉了。◆a very scared face / expression惊恐的脸／表情 see also scare ⇨ frighten , scary ⇨ frightening NOTE 辨析 Afraid, frightened or scared? Scared is more informal, more common in speech, and often describes small fears. * scared较非正式，更常见于日常口语，指有点害怕。 Afraid cannot come before a noun. * afraid不用于名词前◆an afraid child It can only take the preposition of, not about. * afraid只能与介词of搭配，不与about搭配。If you are afraid/frightened/scared of sb/sth/doing sth or afraid/frightened/scared to do sth, you think you are in danger of being hurt or suffering in some way. If you are frightened/scared about sth/doing sth, it is less a fear for your personal safety and more a worry that sth unpleasant might happen. * be afraid/frightened/scared of sb/sth/doing sth或be afraid/frightened/scared to do sth均表示担心会受到伤害或受苦。be frightened/scared about sth/doing sth很少指担心个人安全，多指害怕发生不快的事情◆frightened about the exam tomorrow害怕明天的考试◆frightened of the exam tomorrow ■ terrified / /ˈterɪfaɪd/ / very frightened 恐惧的；很害怕的◆I was terrified (that) she wouldn't come.我真害怕她不会来了。◆She looked at him with wide, terrified eyes.她睁大惊恐的眼睛看着他。 see also terror ⇨ fear noun , terrify ⇨ frighten , terrifying ⇨ frightening ■ alarmed [not before noun] afraid that sth dangerous or unpleasant might happen 担心，害怕（危险或不快的事情发生）◆She was alarmed at the prospect of travelling alone.她一想到要独自旅行就害怕。 see also alarm ⇨ fear noun , alarm ⇨ frighten verb ■ fearful (formal) afraid and nervous 害怕的；忧虑的◆Fearful of an attack, the government declared a state of emergency.政府担心遭到袭击，宣布进入紧急状态。◆Parents are ever fearful for their children.父母总是为子女担忧。 OPP fearless ⇨ brave see also fear ⇨ fear noun ▸ fearfully adverb ◆We watched fearfully.我们忧心忡忡地观察着。■ paranoid / /ˈpærənɔɪd/ / (rather informal) afraid or suspicious of other people and believing that they are trying to harm you, in a way that is not reasonable 多疑的；妄想被害的◆She's getting really paranoid about what other people say about her.她真的越来越猜疑别人对她有什么议论了。◆You're just being paranoid.你这是瞎疑心。 see also paranoia ⇨ fear noun ■ intimidated / /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪtɪd/ / [not before noun] (rather formal) feeling frightened and not confident in a particular situation 胆怯；怯场◆We try to make sure children don't feel intimidated on their first day at school.我们努力确保孩子在上学的第一天不胆怯。 see also intimidate ⇨ threaten 1 ■ startled suddenly frightened or surprised 吓一跳的；惊吓的；震惊的◆She looked at him with startled eyes.她用吃惊的目光看着他。◆He seemed startled to see me.他看见我显得很惊讶。 see also startle ⇨ surprise verb ■ petrified / /ˈpetrɪfaɪd/ / extremely frightened, especially so that you cannot move or do anything 恐慌的；惊呆的◆I'm petrified of snakes.我特别害怕蛇。◆They were petrified with fear.他们都吓呆了。 sorry adjective sorry ♦︎ I'm afraid ♦︎ bad ♦︎ guilty ♦︎ apologetic ♦︎ ashamedThese words all describe people who feel sad because of sth wrong they have done or because of sth unpleasant or disappointing that has happened. 这些词均表示歉疚的、遗憾的。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达歉疚的程度| I'm afraid | ➔ | sorry | ➔ | guilty | | apologetic | | bad | | ashamed |
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sorry / bad / guilty / apologetic / ashamed about sth◆to feel sorry / bad / guilty / ashamed that...◆I'm sorry / afraid that...◆to feel bad / guilty / apologetic / ashamed◆to look guilty / apologetic / ashamed◆very sorry / bad / guilty / apologetic / ashamed◆deeply sorry / apologetic / ashamed◆really / quite / rather sorry / bad / guilty / ashamed◆almost / slightly guilty / apologetic / ashamed■ sorry [not before noun] (especially spoken) feeling sadness and shame about sth wrong that you have done 歉疚；惭愧；过意不去◆We're very sorry about the damage to your car.损坏了你的汽车，我们真是过意不去。◆She was sorry that she'd lost her temper.她为自己发了脾气而感到愧疚。◆If you say you're sorry we'll forgive you.你要是道歉，我们就原谅你。ⓘ If you say I'm/We're sorry you mean that you realize that you have done wrong and that you would like sb to forgive you. If you tell sb that they should say sorry, you mean that they should do this. If you say that sb is sorry that sth has happened, you mean that they regret it, and that they wish that it hadn't happened. 自己说I'm/We're sorry，表示自己认识到做错了事而道歉；让某人say sorry，表示他们应该道歉；说某人be sorry that ...则表示他们感到遗憾，并希望这事没有发生。■ I'm afraid idiom (spoken) used as a polite way of telling sb sth that is unpleasant or disappointing, or that you are sorry about （礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事）我怕，恐怕，很遗憾，对不起◆I can't help you, I'm afraid.对不起，我帮不了你的忙。◆I'm afraid we can't come.很遗憾，我们来不了。◆'Is there any left?' 'I'm afraid not.'“还有剩的没有？”“恐怕没有。”◆'Will it hurt?' 'I'm afraid so.'“痛不痛？”“恐怕会痛。”■ bad (always used after the verb feel 总是用在动词feel后面) (rather informal, especially spoken) feeling shame because you have done sth that you know is wrong or have not done sth that you should have done 感到愧疚；感到羞愧◆She felt bad about leaving him.她因离开他而感到歉疚。◆Why should I want to make you feel bad?我干吗要让你自责呢？■ guilty feeling shame because you have done sth wrong or have not done sth that you should have done 感到内疚的；感到惭愧的◆I felt guilty about not visiting my parents more often.我因没能多去看望父母而感到内疚。◆I had a guilty conscience and could not sleep.我问心有愧，睡不着觉。 see also guilt ⇨ guilt ■ apologetic /əˌpɒləˈdʒetɪk; NAmE əˌpɑːləˈdʒetɪk/ feeling or showing that you are sorry for having done sth wrong or for causing a problem 道歉的；谢罪的；愧疚的◆'Sorry,' she said, with an apologetic smile.她歉然一笑，说：“对不起。”◆They were very apologetic about the trouble they'd caused.他们对所惹的麻烦深感愧疚。 see also apologize ⇨ apologize ▸ apologetically adverb ◆'I'm sorry I'm late,' he murmured apologetically.“对不起，我迟到了。”他小声道歉。■ ashamed [not before noun] feeling shame or embarrassment about sb/sth or because of sth you have done 惭愧；羞愧；尴尬◆She was deeply ashamed of her behaviour at the party.她对自己在聚会上的行为深感惭愧。◆You should be ashamed of yourself for telling such lies.你撒这种谎应该感到羞愧。OPP shameless , unabashed , unashamed ⇨ cool see also shame ⇨ guilt |