| 例句 |
risk noun
⇨ risk 1 (the risk of heart disease) ⇨ risk 2 (take a risk) ⇨ threat (a security/fire risk) ⇨ at risk ⇨ vulnerable adj.risk verb
⇨ dare (risk death/being caught) ⇨ threaten 2 (risk your life)risk1 noun the risk of heart disease 患心脏病的风险take a risk 冒险risk ♦︎ danger ♦︎ threat ♦︎ fearThese words all mean the possibility that sth bad or unpleasant will happen. 这些词均表示危险、风险。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the risk / danger / threat of sth happening◆the risk / danger / threat that sth will happen◆(a) real / great / serious / grave risk / danger / threat◆to pose a risk / danger / threat◆to put sth at risk / in danger / under threat■ risk [countable, uncountable] the possibility that sth bad will happen, especially as a result of doing sth or trying to do sth 危险，风险（尤指行为可能产生的不良后果）◆There is still a risk that the whole deal will fall through.整桩买卖化为泡影的风险仍然存在。◆We don't want to run the risk of losing their business.我们不想冒险失去他们的生意。◆We could probably trust her with the information but it's just not worth the risk.我们也许可以将这些资料托付给她，但实在不值得去担这样的风险。◆At the risk of showing my ignorance, how exactly does this system work?也许我这样问显得很无知，可这个系统到底是怎么运作的？◆He dived in to save the dog at considerable risk to his own life.他冒着相当大的生命危险跳到水里去救那只狗。 see also risk ⇨ threat noun , risk ⇨ dare verb , risky ⇨ dangerous , at risk ⇨ vulnerable ■ danger [uncountable, countable] the possibility that sth bad will happen, especially sth that will injure, harm or kill sb or damage or destroy sth （尤指致伤、致死或致损的）危险，风险◆Danger! Keep Out!(= written on a sign) 危险！请勿入内！◆Children's lives are in danger every time they cross this road.孩子们每次过这条马路都面临着生命危险。◆The building is in danger of collapsing.这栋建筑有倒塌的危险。◆Doctors said she is now out of danger (= not likely to die).医生说她现已脱离危险。◆There is a danger that the political disorder of the past will return.曾经发生的政治动乱有卷土重来的危险。 see also danger ⇨ threat noun , dangerous ⇨ dangerous ■ threat [uncountable, countable, usually singular] the possibility that sth bad will happen because of the way that things are now 凶兆；征兆◆These ancient woodlands are under threat from new road developments.新道路的建设可能对这些古老的林地造成破坏。◆There is a real threat of war.确有战争的征兆。 see also threat ⇨ threat , threaten ⇨ threaten 2 3 , threatening ⇨ threatening ■ fear [uncountable] (rather formal) the danger of sth happening （发生某事的）危险ⓘ In this meaning fear is used only in the expressions for fear of sth/of doing sth and for fear that... to mean 'to avoid the danger of sth happening'. 表达此义时，fear仅用于短语for fear of sth/of doing sth和for fear that ...，指避免某事发生◆We spoke quietly for fear of waking the guards.我们悄悄说话，以免惊醒警卫。◆I had to run away for fear that he might one day kill me.我只好逃走，生怕他有一天把我杀了。 risk2 noun the risk of heart disease 患心脏病的风险take a risk 冒险risk ♦︎ gamble ♦︎ chance ♦︎ lotteryThese are all words for sth you do that you know might have a bad result, but that you hope will be a success. 这些词均表示冒险之举。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to take a risk / gamble / chance on sth◆to take a risk / chance with sth◆a big risk / gamble / chance◆a huge / major / calculated risk / gamble◆something of / a bit of a risk / gamble / lottery◆to take a risk / gamble / chance◆a risk / gamble pays off■ risk [countable] (usually used in the phrase take a risk 通常用于短语take a risk) something that you do even though you know that sth bad could happen as a result 冒险之举◆That's a risk that I'm not prepared to take.我不愿去冒那个险。◆You have no right to take risks with other people's lives.你无权拿别人的生命去冒险。◆Thankfully the risk paid off (= the action was successful).值得庆幸的是，冒险行动成功了。 see also risk ⇨ dare verb , risky ⇨ dangerous ■ gamble [singular] something that you do even though you know it could be unsuccessful or have a bad result, but when you hope the result will be a success 赌博；打赌；冒险◆It was the biggest gamble of his political career.这是他政治生涯中最大的赌博。◆She knew she was taking a gamble but decided it was worth it.她知道自己是在冒险，但她认为值得一博。OPP safe bet ⇨ option ▸ gamble verb [transitive, intransitive] ◆He gambled his reputation on this deal.他在以自己的声誉为这笔交易作赌注。◆It was wrong to gamble with our children's future.拿孩子们的未来冒险是错误的。■ chance [countable] (only used in the phrases take a chance/take no chances 仅用于短语take a chance和take no chances) something that you decide to do even though you know it might be the wrong choice or sth bad could happen as a result 冒险之举◆The manager took a chance on a young, inexperienced player.教练冒险起用了一个年轻又缺乏经验的队员。◆The police were taking no chances with the protesters.警察采取严密措施应对抗议民众，力求万无一失。NOTE 辨析 Risk, gamble or chance? Risk is used especially when you are putting your/sb's life or safety in danger; gamble is usually used when the danger is less serious, or you are risking money; take a chance or take no chances is often used when you decide to give/not to give sb the opportunity to do sth. * risk尤指拿自己或他人的生命或安全来冒险；gamble涉及的风险一般较小，或指有损失钱财的可能；take a chance或take no chances常用于决定给或不给某人做某事的机会。■ lottery /ˈlɒtəri; NAmE ˈlɑːtəri/ [singular] (often disapproving) a situation whose success or result is based on luck rather than on effort or careful organization 碰运气的事◆Politicians have acknowledged that it is a bit of a lottery who gets funding.政坛人士承认，谁能得到资金多少得靠运气。 threat noun threat ♦︎ risk ♦︎ danger ♦︎ hazard ♦︎ menaceThese are all words for sb/sth that may be dangerous or cause problems. 这些词均表示构成威胁的人或事物、隐患。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a threat / risk / danger / hazard / menace to sb / sth◆a great / serious threat / risk / danger / hazard / menace◆a major / possible threat / risk / danger / hazard◆the main threat / risk / danger / hazard◆a potential threat / risk / danger / hazard / menace◆to pose a threat / risk / danger / hazard / menace◆a threat / risk / danger / hazard to health◆a threat / risk / danger to the public◆a threat / danger / menace to society■ threat [countable, usually singular] a person or thing that is likely to cause damage, danger or trouble 构成威胁的人；可能带来破坏（或危险、麻烦）的事物◆Drug abuse poses a major threat to the fabric of our society.吸毒成为我们社会结构的一大威胁。◆He could be a real threat to the Spanish player in the final.他会在决赛中对这名西班牙运动员构成很大的威胁。 see also threat ⇨ risk 1 ■ risk [countable] a person or thing that may cause problems or danger 危险人物；会带来风险的事物◆The group was considered to be a risk to national security.这伙人被认为是威胁国家安全的危险分子。◆Tuberculosis threatens to become a major health risk worldwide.结核病恐怕会成为威胁全球的一大健康隐患。 see also risk ⇨ risk 1 ■ danger [countable] a person or thing that may harm sb/sth 危险的人；危险因素；危害；威胁◆Smoking is a serious danger to health.吸烟严重危害健康。◆There are many hidden dangers for small children in the home.家里有很多对幼儿安全不利的潜在危险。 see also danger ⇨ risk 1 , dangerous ⇨ dangerous ■ hazard / /ˈhæzəd; NAmE ˈhæzərd/ a thing that can be dangerous or cause damage 危险；危害◆Avoid foam-filled sofas－they are a serious fire hazard.避免使用填充泡沫塑料的沙发－它们是严重的火灾隐患。◆Getting injured is an occupational hazard for athletes (= a hazard caused by their job).受伤是运动员的职业危害。 see also hazardous ⇨ dangerous NOTE 辨析 Threat, risk, danger or hazard?A threat is usually a probability; a risk, danger or hazard is a possibility. Threat is most often used in the phrase a threat to sth; the threat itself may be important ( a major threat to the fabric of society) or less important ( a real threat to the Spanish player). A hazard is the possibility of physical harm, especially to sb's health or safety; it is a thing, not a person. A danger is the possibility of physical or moral harm ( a danger to health/society) and may be a thing or a person. Risk is often used in a similar way to hazard, especially in compounds: a health/fire/safety risk, but has a wider range that includes the risk to national/personal security or a security risk, which may be a person, group, thing or activity. * threat通常为一种可能性；risk、danger和hazard的可能性要低些。threat最常用在短语a threat to sth中；这种威胁从本质上来说可能很严重（如a major threat to the fabric of society），也可能不那么严重（如a real threat to the Spanish player）。hazard是对身体，尤其是对某人的健康或安全造成伤害的可能，是某种事物，而不是人。danger是对身体或道义的危害（如a danger to health/society），可能是某种事物，也可能是人。risk的用法常与hazard相似，尤用于a health/fire/safety risk等复合词中，但risk比hazard有更多的句型和搭配用法，如risk to national/personal security或security risk，risk可能是某个人、某个团体、某种东西或某项活动。■ menace /ˈmenəs/ / [countable, usually singular] a person or thing that people are afraid of because it causes or may cause harm or damage 威胁；危险的人（或事物）◆The government's new initiative is aimed at beating the menace of illegal drugs.政府的新举措旨在打击违禁药品的威胁。◆The protesters remain a potential menace to the stability of the government.示威者仍然是对政府稳定的潜在威胁。 vulnerable adjective vulnerable ♦︎ at risk ♦︎ helpless ♦︎ endangered ♦︎ open to sth ♦︎ exposed ♦︎ defencelessThese words all describe sb/sth that is not well protected. 这些词均表示缺乏保护的、易受伤害的、脆弱的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆vulnerable / open / exposed to criticism, attack, etc.◆helpless / defenceless against sth◆vulnerable / helpless / defenceless people / children◆helpless / defenceless civilians / victims◆a vulnerable / an endangered species◆a vulnerable / a helpless / an exposed position◆to feel vulnerable / at risk / helpless / exposed / defenceless◆to leave sb / sth vulnerable / at risk / helpless / open to sth / exposed / defenceless◆totally / completely vulnerable / helpless / defenceless◆highly vulnerable / endangered / exposed◆increasingly vulnerable / at risk / exposed■ vulnerable / /ˈvʌlnərəbl/ / weak and easily hurt physically or emotionally （身体或感情上）脆弱的，易受⋯伤害的◆Exhaustion from their long and fruitless war had left them vulnerable to attack.长期而无果的战争所造成的疲惫使得他们易于受到攻击。◆We should protect the most vulnerable members of our society.我们应该保护那些最易受伤害的社会成员。■ ˌat ˈrisk idiom in danger of sth unpleasant or harmful happening 有危险；冒风险◆Butterflies are at risk from attack by birds.蝴蝶有受到鸟类攻击的危险。◆Lone parent families with young children are particularly at risk of becoming homeless.有年幼孩子的单亲家庭特别易于变得无家可归。◆If we go to war, innocent lives will be put at risk.如果我们发动战争，无辜的生命就会受到威胁。 see also risk ⇨ risk 1 ■ helpless unable to take care of yourself or do things without the help of other people 无自理能力的；不能自立的；无助的◆Paul threw up his hands in a helpless gesture of surrender.保罗举起双手，做出一种无可奈何的投降姿势。◆He lay helpless on the floor.他无助地躺在地板上。◆It's natural to feel helpless against such abuse.对这种虐待感到无能为力是自然的。▸ helplessly adverb ◆They watched helplessly as their home went up in flames.他们无奈地看着自己的家被大火烧毁。■ endangered /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd; NAmE ɪnˈdeɪndʒərd/ at risk of disappearing or being destroyed 濒危的；有可能消失的；有可能毁坏的◆The sea turtle is an endangered species (= it may soon no longer exist).海龟是濒危物种。◆The group has campaigned to save several endangered buildings in the area.该组织展开了一场拯救这地区几座濒危建筑的运动。 see also endanger ⇨ threaten 2 ■ open to sth not well protected from sth such as attack, injury or criticism 易受损害；脆弱◆The system is open to abuse.这种制度容易被滥用。 see also lay sb open to sth ⇨ expose ■ exposed /ɪkˈspəʊzd; NAmE ɪkˈspoʊzd/ (of a person) not protected from danger, attack or criticism （人）无保护的，易受攻击（或批评）的◆She was left feeling exposed and vulnerable.她感到自己孤立无助，非常脆弱。◆From the moment of birth, a baby is exposed to all the hazards in the external environment.从出生那刻起，婴儿便受到外在环境的各种威胁。 see also expose ⇨ expose , exposed ⇨ bare ■ defenceless (BrE) (NAmE defenseless) weak and not able to protect yourself; having no protection 软弱的；不能自卫的；无防御的◆I can't believe that we persist in such cruelty to defenceless animals.我无法相信我们一直在虐待这些不能自卫的动物。◆The village is defenceless against attack.这个村庄毫无防御能力。 dare verb dare ♦︎ risk ♦︎ go so/as far as to... ♦︎ venture ♦︎ hazard ♦︎ stick your neck out ♦︎ pluck up (the) courage ♦︎ presume ♦︎ chanceThese words all mean to be brave enough to try to do sth that may not succeed. 这些词均表示敢于尝试去做未必成功的事情。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to dare / go so far as / venture / pluck up courage / presume to do sth◆to risk / chance doing sth◆to venture / hazard an opinion◆to risk / chance a look (at sth)◆to risk / chance it■ dare [intransitive] (not usually used in the progressive tenses 通常不用于进行时) to be brave enough to do sth difficult or dangerous; to be rude enough to do sth that you have no right to do 敢于；胆敢◆She said it as loudly as she dared.她壮着胆子，放声说了出来。◆He didn't dare (to) say what he thought.他不敢说出自己的想法。◆Dare to be different!要敢于与众不同！◆ (BrE) They daren't ask for any more money.他们不敢再要钱了。◆ (spoken) 'I'll tell her about it.' 'Don't you dare!'“我要把这事告诉她。”“你敢！”◆How dare you talk to me like that!你竟敢那样对我说话！ see also daring ⇨ bold adj. , daring ⇨ courage noun ■ risk [transitive] to do sth that may mean that you get into a situation which is unpleasant for you; to do sth that you know is not really a good idea or may not be successful 冒⋯的危险（或风险）；（明知结果）冒险做，大胆做◆There was no choice. If they stayed there, they risked death.他们别无选择，如果待在那里，就有性命之虞。◆They knew they risked being arrested.他们知道自己冒着被捕的危险。◆He risked a glance at her furious face.他壮着胆子瞅了一眼她愤怒的脸。◆It was a difficult decision but we decided to risk it.这是个艰难的决定，但我们决定冒险一试。 see also risk ⇨ risk noun 1 2 ■ go so ˈfar as to...■ go as ˈfar as to... idiom to go to extreme or surprising limits in dealing with sth 竟然；甚至◆In June 2006 he went so far as to offer his resignation.2006年6月他甚至提出了辞呈。◆I wouldn't go as far as to say that he's a liar (= but I think he may be slightly dishonest).我倒不至于说他是个骗子。■ venture / /ˈventʃə(r)/ / [transitive] (formal) to say or do sth in a careful way, especially because it might upset or offend sb 试探地说，谨慎地做（尤指会使人烦恼或不快的事）◆She hardly dared to venture an opinion.她几乎不敢亮明观点。◆I ventured to suggest that she might have made a mistake.我试探地提醒说她可能出错了。■ hazard /ˈhæzəd; NAmE ˈhæzərd/ [transitive, intransitive] to make a suggestion or guess that you know may be wrong 冒失地提出；冒险猜测◆Would you like to hazard a guess?你想猜猜看吗？◆'Is it Tom you're going with?' she hazarded.“你是要和汤姆一起去吗？”她冒失地问。■ stick your ˈneck out idiom (stuck, stuck) (informal) to do or say sth when there is a risk that you may be wrong 冒险；做不保险的事；说不保险的话◆I'll stick my neck out and say that Bill is the best candidate for the job.我愿冒险说，比尔是这份工作的最佳人选。■ pluck up (the) ˈcourage idiom (usually approving) to make yourself do sth even though you are afraid to do it 鼓起勇气（做某事）◆I finally plucked up the courage to ask her for a date.我终于鼓起勇气约她出去。■ presume /prɪˈzjuːm; NAmE prɪˈzuːm/ [intransitive] (formal, usually disapproving) to behave in a way that shows a lack of respect by doing sth that you have no right to do 妄行；越权行事◆I wouldn't presume to tell you how to run your own business.我不会僭越去指点你该如何经营你自己的事业。 see also presumptuous ⇨ cool adj. ■ chance [transitive] (informal) to risk sth, although you know the result may not be successful 冒险；拿⋯去冒风险◆'Take an umbrella.' 'No, I'll chance it (= take the risk that it may rain).'“带上伞吧。”“不了，我就冒冒险吧。”◆ (especially BrE) She was chancing her luck driving without a licence.她无照驾车，完全是在冒险。 threaten2 verb threaten sb with a gun 用枪恐吓某人Pollution is threatening marine life. 污染正危及海洋生物。a storm threatens 风暴逼近threaten ♦︎ endanger ♦︎ risk ♦︎ jeopardizeThese words all mean to be a danger to sb/sth. 这些词均表示使面临危险、危及。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to threaten / endanger / risk sb's / your life / health◆to threaten / risk / jeopardize sb's / your job / career◆to threaten / endanger / jeopardize the survival of sth◆a threatened / endangered species◆to seriously threaten / endanger / jeopardize sth■ threaten [transitive] to be likely to cause harm or damage to sb/sth 对⋯造成危险；威胁◆She claimed that the conflict was threatening stability in the region.她声称冲突威胁该地区的稳定。◆Many species are now threatened with extinction.许多物种现在面临灭绝的危险。◆Our marriage was constantly threatened by his other women.他有别的女人，我们的婚姻不断受到威胁。 see also threat ⇨ risk 1 ■ endanger / /ɪnˈdeɪndʒə(r)/ / [transitive] to put sb/sth in a situation in which they could be harmed, damaged or destroyed 使遭危险；危及；危害◆The health of our children is being endangered by exhaust fumes.我们孩子的健康正受到排放出的废气的损害。◆That one mistake seriously endangered the future of the company.仅那一个失误就严重危及了公司的未来。◆The sea turtle is an endangered species (= it may soon no longer exist).海龟是濒危物种。 see also endangered ⇨ vulnerable ■ risk [transitive] to put sth valuable or important in a dangerous situation, in which it could be damaged or lost 使（宝贵或重要的事物）冒风险（或面临危险）◆He risked all his money on a game of cards.他冒险把自己所有的钱都押在了一场纸牌游戏上。◆She has been willing to risk life and limb (= risk being killed or injured) to get a good close-up shot of the nesting birds.为了近距离地拍摄巢中的鸟，她一直冒着受伤或丧命的危险。◆He had no desire to risk his neck (= risk being killed, especially by being executed) for the king and his favourites.他不想为了国王和他的宠信冒杀头的风险。ⓘ People usually choose to risk sth that is their own, such as their life, health, money, job or career, in the hope of gaining sth else, although sometimes the choice is not quite so deliberate. * risk的宾语通常是属于自己的东西，如life、health、money、job或career。人们选择拿这些冒险，以求得到其他东西，尽管有时这种冒险之举并非那么有意而为◆In ignoring the warnings, she was risking her own and her children's health.她无视警告，拿自己和孩子们的健康冒险。 Risk is not used about things that are outside sb's control. * risk不用于谈论超出某人控制范围的事情◆The health of our children is being risked by exhaust fumes. ■ jeopardize (BrE also jeopardise) /ˈdʒepədaɪz; NAmE ˈdʒepərdaɪz/ [transitive] (written) to threaten the future development of sth such as sb's job, a plan or a system 冒⋯的危险；危及，损害（某人的工作、计划、系统等）◆She would never do anything to jeopardize her career.她决不会做任何有损她事业的事。◆This scandal could seriously jeopardize his chances of being re-elected.这桩丑闻可能严重危及他再次当选的机会。 |