parliament noun ⇨assembly (the French parliament)⇨government1 (a session of parliament)
assembly
noun
assembly ♦︎ council ♦︎ parliament ♦︎ congress ♦︎ senate ♦︎ house ♦︎ chamber ♦︎ legislatureThese are all words for a group of people who are elected to make decisions or make laws for a country or region.这些词均表示议会、立法机构。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an elected assembly / council / parliament / senate / house / chamber / legislature◆the federal / national assembly / parliament / council / legislature◆a local / regional assembly / council / parliament◆the upper / lower house / chamber (of the parliament / legislature, etc)◆to elect an assembly / a council / a parliament◆to elect sb to an assembly / a council / parliament / the senate◆to convene parliament / congress / the legislature◆to dissolve the assembly / parliament / congress / the legislature◆the assembly / council / parliament / congress / senate / house / chamber / legislature votes (for / on sth)◆the assembly / council / parliament / congress / senate / house / legislature passes a resolution / bill / law, etc.◆a member of the assembly / council / parliament / congress / senate / legislature◆a session of the assembly / council / parliament / congress / senate / legislature■assembly ( Assembly) [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of people who are elected to make decisions or laws for a region or country立法机构；议会◆Power has been handed over to provincial and regional assemblies.权力已移交给省和地区议会。◆The party has only 3 seats in the 51-seat National Assembly.该党在国会的51席中仅占3席。■council ( Council) [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of people who are elected to make decisions for an area such as a city or county（市、郡等的）政务委员会，地方议会◆She's on the local council(= is a member of the council).她是地方议会的议员。◆He's the former leader of Liverpool City Council.他是利物浦市议会前领导人。■parliament [countable + singular or plural verb, usually singular] the group of people who are elected to make the laws of a country议会；国会◆She was elected as a member of the Dutch parliament in 1996.她于1996年当选荷兰议会议员。◆Riot police yesterday surrounded the Georgian parliament building.防暴警察昨天包围了格鲁吉亚议会大楼。ⓘ In many countries, the parliament is made up of two parts called houses or chambers.在许多国家，议会(parliament)分两院，议院称为house或chamber。 see also parliament ⇨ government1■congress ( Congress) [countable + singular or plural verb, usually singular, uncountable] the group of people who are elected to make the laws of a country, especially a republic(= a country governed by an elected president, not a king or queen)（尤指共和国的）国会，议会◆Congress will vote on the proposals tomorrow.国会明天将对提案进行投票。ⓘ In the US, Congress is the name of the parliament and consists of the Senate which is the upper house, and the House of Representatives, which is the lower house.在美国，议会称为Congress，由参议院(Senate)和众议院(House of Representatives)组成。NOTE辨析 Parliament or congress?A congress is slightly different from a parliament because its role is just that of making laws (= it is the legislature). The laws are put into effect by the executive, which is a separate group of people and not part of the congress. In a parliamentary system the parliament is the legislature, and the executive is made up of a smaller group of people from within the parliament. * congress与parliament稍有不同，因为congress仅为立法机构(legislature)，法律由congress以外的独立行政部门(the executive)实施。在议会制(parliamentary system)的国家，parliament是立法机构，行政部门由parliament内部的一小部分人组成。■senate (usually通常作the Senate) [countable + singular or plural verb, usually singular] one of the two groups of people who are elected to make laws in some countries, for example in the US, France and Australia参议院（美国、法国、澳大利亚等国的两个立法机构之一）◆The bill was passed by the Senate last month.该议案上个月在参议院通过了。ⓘ The Senate is the smaller of the two groups that make up a parliament or congress in some countries, but higher in rank. Many state parliaments in the US also have a Senate.在某些国家，Senate（参议院）是组成parliament或congress的两个机构之一，人数较少但是地位较高。美国许多州议会也设有参议院。■house ( House) [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of people who make the laws of a country, usually one of two groups which make up the parliament of the country议院（通常为议会的两院之一）◆Legislation requires approval by both houses of parliament.立法须得到议会两院的一致通过。■chamber / /ˈtʃeɪmbə(r)/ / [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of people who make the laws of a country, usually one of two groups which make up the parliament of the country议院（通常为议会的两院之一）◆They are seeking to overturn the Liberal majority in the second chamber(= the upper part of the parliament).他们正设法改变自由党在上议院占多数席位的现状。■legislature / /ˈledʒɪsleɪtʃə(r)/ / [countable + singular or plural verb, usually singular] (formal) a group of people who make the laws of a country立法机关◆She is the youngest woman to be elected to the national legislature.她是入选国家立法机关最年轻的女性。ⓘ The legislature is the part of a country's government that makes laws. It contrasts with the executive, which is responsible for putting laws into effect and the judiciary, the judges who apply the laws. * legislature是国家政体的组成部分，负责立法。与之相对应的是负责执法的行政部门(the executive)，以及负责司法的司法部门(the judiciary)。 see also the executive ⇨ government1
government1
noun
the British government英国政府strong government严厉的统治government ♦︎ administration ♦︎ regime ♦︎ cabinet ♦︎ reign ♦︎ parliament ♦︎ the executiveThese are all words for a group of people who govern a country or the period for which they govern.这些词均表示政府、内阁或其任期。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆under a government / an administration / a regime / sb's reign◆the former / previous / current government / administration / regime◆the central / local / national government / administration◆a left-wing / right-wing / communist / fascist government / administration / regime◆a / an authoritarian / totalitarian / repressive / military / revolutionary government / regime◆to elect a government / an administration◆to form a government / an administration / a cabinet◆to bring down / overthrow a government / an administration / a regime◆a government / an administration / a regime comes to power◆a government / an administration takes office / is in office■government [countable + singular or plural verb] (often常作the government [singular]) the group of people who are responsible for controlling a country or state政府；内阁◆The government has been considering further tax cuts.政府一直在考虑进一步减税的问题。◆She has resigned from the government.她已辞去内阁职位。◆The interests of the state should not be confused with the interests of the government of the day(= the people in government at a particular time).不应混淆国家利益和当时政府的利益。 see also govern ⇨ ruleverb1■administration [countable + singular or plural verb] the government of a country; the period for which it governs政府；政府的任期◆The current administration will remain in office until elections in November.现任政府仍将执政，直至11月的选举为止。◆He was Secretary of Education in Bush's first administration(= first period as president).他是布什政府第一任期的教育部长。NOTE辨析 Government or administration?Administration is used especially about a government that is led by a president, and especially the US government. It usually refers to the government of a particular president or the period for which this lasts. * administration尤指总统领导的政府，尤其是美国政府，常指某总统领导的政府或其任期◆during / under the Reagan / Clinton / Bush Administration里根／克林顿／布什执政时期◆during/under the Reagan/Clinton/Bush governmentIt is not usually used to refer to the institution or process of government which remains the same while presidents and administrations change. * administration通常不指政府机构或办事程序，因为机构或程序不随总统及政权的更迭而改变◆Approximately 2.7 million people are employed by the federal government.联邦政府雇用了大约2 700万人。◆employed by the federal administrationIn countries where the government is led by a prime minister, with more limited powers than a president－especially the United Kingdom－the word government is usually preferred. * government较常指首相领导的政府，尤其是英国政府。这些政府里，首相的权力比总统小◆the Thatcher / Major / Blair / Brown government撒切尔／梅杰／布莱尔／布朗政府◆government employees政府职员To use the word administration after the name of the prime minister can sometimes suggest disapproval of the prime minister for trying to act like a president.在首相名字后使用administration有时具有贬义，暗指其欲像总统般行事。■regime / /reɪˈʒiːm/ / [countable] the government of a country, especially one that has not been elected in a fair way（尤指未通过公正选举的）政权，政体◆She was imprisoned because of her opposition to the regime.她因反对该政权而入狱。◆They are investigating human rights abuses under the previous military regime.他们正在调查前军事政权侵犯人权的情况。 see also leadership ⇨ management■cabinet ( Cabinet) / /ˈkæbɪnət/ / [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of the most important government ministers, or advisers to a president, responsible for advising and deciding on government policy内阁◆Several cabinet ministers have been implicated in the scandal.几个内阁部长卷入了丑闻之中。◆The issue was discussed at yesterday's cabinet meeting.昨天的内阁会议讨论了这个问题。◆She lost her position as Health Minister in a recent cabinet reshuffle(= change).在最近的内阁改组中，她丢掉了卫生部长的位子。◆He is a member of the Shadow Cabinet(= senior politicians of the party not in government).他是影子内阁的成员。■reign / /reɪn/ / [countable] the period during which a king, queen, emperor, etc. rules君主统治时期◆The house was built during the reign of Henry VIII.那栋房子是亨利八世统治时期建造的。◆By the end of his reign, the vast empire was in decline.在他统治末期，庞大的帝国走向衰落。 see also reign ⇨ ruleverb1■parliament [countable, uncountable] a period during which a parliament is working; parliament as it exists between one general election and the next一届议会的任期；（两次大选之间的）一届议会◆We are now into the second half of the parliament.我们现已进入本届议会的后半任期。◆The prime minister unexpectedly dissolved parliament(= formally ended its activities) and called a general election.首相突然解散了议会并下令举行大选。◆The legislation is expected to be introduced early in the next session of parliament.那部法规预计会在议会的下次会期早些时候提交讨论。 see also parliament ⇨ assembly■the executivethe part of a government responsible for putting laws into effect（政府的）行政部门◆The constitution calls for a separation of the powers of the executive, the legislature and the judiciary.宪法要求行政机关、立法机关和司法机关权力分离。 see also legislature ⇨ assembly