| 例句 |
part noun
⇨ area 1 (the northern part) ⇨ chapter (the final part) ⇨ character (the part of Hamlet) ⇨ element 1 (spare parts) ⇨ involvement (an active part) ⇨ song (the viola part) ⇨ have/play a part, take part ⇨ join ⇨ in part ⇨ partly adv.part verb
⇨ disperse (the crowds part) ⇨ isolate (parted from her children) ⇨ leave 1 (part at the airport)area1 noun rural/urban areas 乡村／城市地区areas of study/policy/growth 研究／政策／发展领域area ♦︎ region ♦︎ part ♦︎ zone ♦︎ neighbourhood ♦︎ district ♦︎ belt ♦︎ climate ♦︎ quarterThese are all words for an area of land or part of a town. 这些词均表示地域、区域。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆(a / an) eastern / northern / southern / western area / region / parts / zone / district / quarter◆the central area / region / part / zone / district◆the whole / entire area / region / zone / neighbourhood / district◆the surrounding area / region / neighbourhood / district◆a remote area / region / part◆a border / coastal / geographical area / region / zone / district◆an industrial area / region / zone / district / belt / quarter◆a residential area / zone / neighbourhood / district / quarter◆(a) rural area / region / parts / zone / district◆an urban area / region / zone / neighbourhood / district◆a military area / region / zone / district■ area [countable] a part of a place, town, country or the world, usually without exact limits or borders （地方、市镇、国家或世界的）地区，地域（通常没有明确的界限）◆mountainous / desert areas山区；荒漠地域◆She knows the local area very well.她非常了解这个地区的情况。◆The farm and surrounding area was flooded.农场和周围地区被洪水淹没。◆There is heavy traffic in the downtown area tonight.今晚市区中心交通繁忙。◆Wreckage from the plane was scattered over a wide area.飞机残骸散落到很大一片区域。◆John is the London area manager.约翰是伦敦地区经理。■ region [countable] a large area of land, usually without exact limits or borders （通常没有明确界限的）地区，区域◆This is one of the most densely populated regions of North America.这里是北美人口最为稠密的地区之一。◆Soil erosion is particularly serious in dry tropical regions.水土流失在干旱的热带地区尤为严重。 see also region ⇨ county NOTE 辨析 Area or region? Area has a wider range of meaning than region. A region is always a fairly large area of a country or continent, especially when it is considered in terms of its geographical features, or its economic or political importance. An area can be part of a country or continent, or part of a city or town (or even a building or room or sth even smaller). * area比region词义广。region总是指一个国家或大陆的大片土地，尤指具有地理特征或经济、政治重要性的地区。area可以是一个国家或大陆的一部分，或是市镇的一部分，甚至是建筑物、房间或更小空间的一部分。 see also area ⇨ place noun 1 ■ part [countable] (usually followed by of 通常后接of) an area or region of the world, a country or a town （世界、国家或城镇的）地区，区域◆Apples grow in many parts of the world.世界上许多地区都有苹果生长。◆The northern part of the country is richer than the south.这个国家的北部地区比南部富有。◆Which part of London do you come from?你是伦敦哪个地区的人？■ zone [countable] an area or region with a particular feature or use; one of the five parts that the earth's surface is divided into by imaginary lines that are parallel to the equator （有某特色或作用的）地区，地带；（地球表面与赤道平行的）气候带◆Medical teams are on standby to fly out to the war zone.医疗队随时待命飞往战区。◆Aid workers were advised to leave the danger zone.救援人员被劝告撤离危险地带。◆This species is found widely distributed throughout the northern temperate zone.这一物种广泛分布在北温带。ⓘ A time zone is one of the 24 areas that the world is divided into, each with its own time that is one hour earlier than that of the time zone immediately to the east. * time zone指时区。世界分为24个时区，每个时区的时间比紧邻其东部的时区晚一个小时。 see also zone ⇨ county ■ neighbourhood (BrE) (NAmE neighborhood) /ˈneɪbəhʊd; NAmE ˈneɪbərhʊd/ [countable] a district or area of a town; the people who live there 街区；城区；某街区（或城区）的居民◆We grew up in the same neighbourhood.我们是在同一个街区长大的。◆He shouted so loudly that the whole neighbourhood could hear him.他叫得那么大声，整条街的人都能听到。 see also neighbourhood ⇨ proximity ■ district [countable] an area of a country or town, especially one that has particular features （尤指有某种特征的）地区，城区◆The financial district of London is usually referred to as 'the City'.伦敦的金融区通常称为the City。◆The house was like all the others in this exclusive residential district.在这个高档住宅区，这所房子跟所有其他房子都一样。 see also district ⇨ county ■ belt [countable] (used with an adjective 与形容词连用) an area with particular characteristics or where a particular group of people live （有特点或特定人群居住的）地带，地区◆Towns in the country's industrial belt were particularly affected by the recession.位于该国工业区的城镇受到经济萧条的影响尤其大。◆the US corn belt美国产粮区◆ (BrE) We live in the commuter belt.我们住在通勤者居住区。◆Buffalo is an American rust belt city (= in an area that used to have a lot of heavy industry) that was home to several steel mills.布法罗是美国一个衰败的工业城市，过去有几家钢铁厂。■ climate [countable] an area with particular weather conditions 气候区◆They wanted to move to a warmer climate.他们想搬到气候较温暖的地区。 see also climate ⇨ weather ■ quarter [countable, usually singular] a district or part of a town 城镇的区（或一部分）◆The historic quarter of the city is full of grand buildings.这个具有历史意义的城区有很多宏伟的建筑。 chapter noun chapter ♦︎ issue ♦︎ part ♦︎ episode ♦︎ unit ♦︎ edition ♦︎ volume ♦︎ contents ♦︎ instalmentThese are all words for part of a book or story, or one of a number of books, newspapers, magazines, stories, or TV or radio programmes that are published or broadcast. 这些词均表示书或故事的章节、报刊的一期、电视或广播节目的一集等。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a / the first / second / next chapter / issue / part / episode / unit / edition / volume / instalment◆the final / last chapter / part / episode / unit / volume / instalment◆the January / February / March, etc. issue / edition of sth◆Monday's / Tuesday's / Wednesday's, etc. issue / edition / episode / instalment of sth◆to produce an issue / a part / an edition / an episode / a volume / an instalment◆to publish an issue / a part / an edition / a volume / an instalment◆to bring out an issue / an edition / a volume◆to show / broadcast / see / watch / miss a part / an episode / an edition / an instalment of sth◆to read a chapter / an issue / a part / a unit / an edition / a volume / an instalment◆an issue / a part / an edition appears / is out / comes out■ chapter [countable] a separate section of a book, usually with a number or title （书的）章，篇，回◆I've just finished Chapter 3.我刚完成第3章。◆Have you read the chapter on the legal system?你读过论述法律制度的那一章吗？■ issue [countable] one of a regular series of magazines or newspapers （报刊的）一期，期号◆I'm after the July issue of 'What Car?'.我在找《汽车指南》的7月号。■ part [countable] a section of a book, television series, etc., especially one that is published or broadcast separately （书、电视系列片等，尤指单独发行或播出的）部，集，篇◆an encyclopedia published in 25 weekly parts每周出版一部，共25部的百科全书◆Henry IV, Part II《亨利四世》第二篇◆The final part will be shown next Sunday evening.最后一集将在下周日晚上播出。■ episode / /ˈepɪsəʊd; NAmE ˈepɪsoʊd/ [countable] one part of a story that is broadcast on television or radio in several parts （电视连续剧或广播剧的）一集◆The soap opera is ending after 175 episodes.那出肥皂剧在播放175集后完结。■ unit [countable] one of the parts into which a textbook or series of lessons is divided （教材或系列课程的）单元◆The present perfect is covered in Unit 8.现在完成时在第8单元讲述。■ edition /ɪˈdɪʃn/ / [countable] a particular newspaper or magazine, or radio or television programme, especially one in a regular series （报刊或广播、电视节目的）一期，一辑◆Tonight's edition of 'Panorama' looks at unemployment.今晚这一辑《全景》探讨的是失业问题。◆The story was in Tuesday's edition of 'The New York Times'.这篇报道刊登在星期二那期的《纽约时报》上。■ volume [countable] a book, especially one that is part of a series of books （尤指成套书籍的）一卷，一册◆The encyclopedia is a huge work, running to 20 volumes.这套百科全书是大部头，共有20卷。NOTE 辨析 Issue, edition or volume? Issue is usually used to talk about magazines and journals; edition is usually used to talk about newspapers. Academic journals usually publish several issues each year; all the issues for one year are considered to belong to one volume of the journal. * issue通常指杂志期刊，edition通常指报纸。issue可指学术期刊的每一期，volume指全年各期的合订本。 see also volume ⇨ book ■ contents [plural] the different sections that are contained in a book （书的）目录，目次◆a table of contents (= the list at the front of the book) 目录◆a contents page目录页■ instalment (especially BrE) (NAmE usually installment) / /ɪnˈstɔːlmənt/ / [countable] one of the parts of a story that appears regularly over a period of time in a newspaper, on television, etc. （报章连载小说的）一节；（电视连续剧的）一集◆Dickens completed the last instalment of Martin Chuzzlewit in June of that year.(Dickens originally wrote his stories in instalments for newspapers.) 那年6月，狄更斯完成了《马丁•瞿述伟》的最后一节。NOTE 辨析 Episode or instalment?An episode is a programme that forms part of a series on TV or radio; an instalment is used more often to talk about the parts of a story that appear in a magazine. When instalment is used to talk about TV or radio programmes, it often refers to one part of a very short series. * episode指电视或广播连续剧的一集，instalment更多指杂志连载故事的一节。谈及电视或广播节目时如用instalment，则常指短剧的一集◆Now for the second instalment of our exclusive three-part series.现在是我们独家播放的三集电视剧的第二集。 character noun character ♦︎ role ♦︎ partThese are all words for a person who appears in a story. 这些词均表示故事中的人物、角色。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the character / role / part of sb◆a part / role in sth◆a major / minor character / role / part◆to play a character / role / part■ character [countable] a person, animal or other creature that appears as a figure in a story （故事中的）人物，角色◆The minor characters in the novel provide a lot of the humour.小说中的那些小角色制造了很多幽默。◆cartoon characters动画片中的角色◆a character actor (= an actor who always plays interesting secondary characters in films) 性格演员■ role [countable] a character that an actor plays in a play or film （戏剧或电影的）角色◆It is one of the greatest roles she has played.这是她扮演过最重要的角色之一。◆Who is in the leading role (= the most important one)?谁演主角？■ part [countable] a character that an actor plays in a play or film; the words spoken by an actor in a particular role （戏剧或电影的）角色；台词◆She was very good in the part.她这个角色演得很好。◆Have you learned your part yet?你记住你的台词了吗？◆ (figurative) He's always playing a part (= pretending to be sth that he is not).他总是装模作样的。 element1 noun have all the elements of a soap opera 有肥皂剧的所有要素an element of risk 些许风险 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ aspect 另见aspect条element ♦︎ component ♦︎ module ♦︎ unit ♦︎ part ♦︎ piece ♦︎ ingredient ♦︎ sectionThese are all words for sth which belongs to, but can be considered separately from, sth larger. 这些词均表示要素、成分、元件。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an element / a component / an ingredient in sth◆an individual element / component / module / unit / part / piece / ingredient◆a basic element / component / module / unit / part / ingredient◆a core element / component / module / unit◆a / an major / important / fundamental element / component / unit / ingredient◆a / an necessary / essential element / component / part / ingredient◆the main / principal element / component / ingredient◆component / constituent elements / modules / parts■ element / /ˈelɪmənt/ / [countable] a necessary or typical part or aspect of sth 要素；基本部分；典型部分◆Cost was a key element in our decision.成本是我们作决策时考虑的一个关键因素。◆The story has all the elements of a soap opera.这个故事有肥皂剧的所有要素。■ component / /kəmˈpəʊnənt; NAmE kəmˈpoʊnənt/ [countable] (rather formal) one of several parts which combine to form the whole 组成部分；成分；部件◆Car components are manufactured in the other factory.汽车零部件在另一家工厂生产。◆Trust is a vital component in any relationship.在任何关系中，信任都是一个至关重要的因素。▸ component adjective [only before noun] ◆This concept can be broken down into its component parts.这一概念可以分解成若干组成部分。■ module /ˈmɒdjuːl; NAmE ˈmɑːdʒul/ [countable] one of several courses that can combine to form a programme of study, especially at a college or university in Britain; one of a set of separate parts that can be joined together to make a machine or structure （尤指英国大学课程的）单元；组件；配件◆The course consists of ten core modules and five optional modules.这门课由十个核心单元和五个选修单元组成。◆Each student takes five modules.每个学生选修五个单元。◆Ships are now built in modules rather than built in a whole from the base up.现在造船是先做出组件，而不是从船底开始整艘建起来。ⓘ In computing, a module is a part of a computer system or program that has a particular function. 在计算机术语中，module指电脑系统的功能块或程序块◆New software modules include a virtual memory tool.新型软件模块具有虚拟记忆功能。A module is also a part of a spacecraft that can function independently of the main part. * module还指航天器上独立的舱◆Photographs were taken from a lunar module.照片是从登月舱拍摄的。 ■ unit [countable] a single thing, person or group that is complete by itself but can also form part of sth larger 单独的事物（或人、群体）；单位；单元◆The cell is the unit of which all living organisms are composed.细胞是构成一切生物的单位。◆The basic unit of society is the family.社会的基本单位是家庭。■ part [countable] a piece of a machine or structure 部件；零件◆Where can I get spare parts for my motorbike?哪儿能买到我的摩托车备用零件？◆Although it is no longer a working watermill, several of the working parts remain.尽管这个水磨已不再使用了，但是一些运作部件仍保存完好。■ piece [countable] one of the parts from which sth is made 零件；组件◆He took the clock to pieces.他把钟拆散了。◆ (NAmE) He broke the clock down into pieces.他把钟拆散了。◆The bridge was taken down piece by piece.那桥被一点一点地拆了。◆She's been doing a 500-piece jigsaw.她一直在拼凑一个500块的拼图。◆There had to be some missing piece of the story.这个故事肯定有一部分缺失了。■ ingredient /ɪnˈgriːdiənt/ / [countable] one of the things from which sth is made, especially one of the foods that are used together to make a particular dish; one of the things or qualities that are necessary to make sth successful 成分；（尤指）烹饪原料；（成功的）要素◆Coconut is a basic ingredient in many curries.椰子是多道咖喱菜的基本原料。◆Our skin cream contains only natural ingredients.我们的护肤霜是用纯天然材料制成的。◆The only active ingredient in this medicine is aspirin.该药唯一的有效成分是阿司匹林。◆Determination is one of the essential ingredients for success.果断是成功的基本要素之一。◆It has all the ingredients of a good mystery story.它具备一个好的玄幻故事的所有要素。◆The magic / secret ingredient is love.秘诀就是爱。■ section [countable] a separate part of a structure from which the whole can be put together 部件；散件◆The shed comes in sections that you assemble yourself.棚房以散件出售，需要自己组装。 involvement noun involvement ♦︎ role ♦︎ part ♦︎ contribution ♦︎ participation ♦︎ interest ♦︎ input ♦︎ stake ♦︎ engagement ♦︎ handThese are all words for the fact of being active in an event or situation. 这些词均表示参与、参加、作用。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆involvement / a role / a part / an interest / a stake / engagement / a hand in sth◆involvement / a contribution / participation / input from sb◆a contribution / input to sth◆(a) direct involvement / role / part / contribution / participation / interest / input / stake / engagement◆(a) greater involvement / role / part / contribution / participation / interest / input / stake◆(a) full involvement / contribution / participation◆(a / an) major / considerable / substantial / significant involvement / role / part / contribution / interest / input / stake◆(a) positive involvement / role / part / contribution / participation / interest◆(an) active involvement / role / part / participation / interest / engagement◆(an) alleged involvement / role / part / participation◆(a) valuable / useful / crucial / essential / important / key / constructive role / part / contribution / input◆(a) personal involvement / role / contribution / participation / interest / input / stake / engagement◆(a) public / limited involvement / role / contribution / participation◆(a) parental / political / military involvement / role / participation / input◆to encourage / increase involvement / participation◆to need / get / receive a contribution / input◆to have a role / a part / an interest / an input / a stake / a hand in sth◆to play a role / part in sth◆to have a role / part to play■ involvement [uncountable, countable, usually singular] the fact of being active in an event or situation; the act of giving a lot of time and attention to sth you care about 参与；卷入；投入；沉迷于◆The success of the venture may lead to involvement by other foreign companies.该投资项目的成功可能导致其他外国公司的参与。◆The new album came out of her growing involvement with contemporary music.新专辑是她对当代音乐日益投入的成果。◆Nurses usually try to avoid emotional involvement with patients.护士通常尽量避免同病人产生感情纠葛。◆He was found to have a deep involvement in drug dealing.他被发现与毒品交易牵涉很深。 see also involve ⇨ include 1 , involved ⇨ busy 1 , be/get involved ⇨ join ■ role [countable] the degree to which sb/sth is involved in a situation or activity and the effect that they have on it 影响程度；作用◆He stressed the role of diet in preventing disease.他强调了饮食在预防疾病中的作用。◆The media play a major role in influencing people's opinions.媒体在影响舆论方面发挥着重要作用。◆Regional managers have a crucial role in developing a strategic framework.地区经理在制订战略机制方面起着关键作用。■ part [countable] sb/sth's role in sth 作用；参加；职责◆She plays an active part in local politics.她积极参与地方政治活动。◆He had no part in the decision.他没有参与这项决定。◆How many countries took part in the last Olympic Games?有多少国家参加了上届奥运会？NOTE 辨析 Role or part?In this meaning part is used mainly in phrases. 表达此义时，part主要用于短语中◆have a part to play能发挥作用◆have / play a part in sth参与某事◆have / play / take no part in / of sth不参与某事◆take part (in sth)参与（某事） Role is slightly more formal, and common in business and economic contexts. It is used especially with adjectives like key, important, essential, crucial, central, fundamental, major, pivotal, prominent and primary. * role略正式，常用于商务和经济语境，尤与key、important、essential、crucial、central、fundamental、major、pivotal、prominent和primary等形容词连用。 ■ contribution / /ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn; NAmE ˌkɑːntrɪˈbjuːʃn/ [countable, usually singular] an action or service that helps to cause or increase sth, especially sth good or positive （尤指对好的或正面事物的）贡献，促成作用◆She has made a significant contribution to scientific knowledge.她对科学知识作出了重大贡献。◆These measures would make a valuable contribution towards reducing industrial accidents.这些措施将会对减少工业事故发挥重要作用。■ participation /pɑːˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃn; NAmE pɑːrˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃn/ [uncountable] the act of taking part in an activity or event 参加；参与◆It's a show with lots of audience participation.那是一场观众热烈参与的演出。◆A back injury prevented active participation in any sports for a while.因背伤曾一度不能参加任何剧烈体育运动。 see also participate ⇨ join NOTE 辨析 Involvement or participation?It is possible to have some involvement in a situation without actively choosing to do so; participation requires a greater level of choice from the person who is acting in a situation. * involvement指对某事的参与可能并非出自主动的选择，participation指对某事的参与较多出于自主选择。■ interest [countable, uncountable] a connection with sth that affects your attitude to it, especially because you may benefit from it in some way 利害关系；利益关系◆Organizations have an interest in ensuring that employee motivation is high.各机构的获利之道在于确保员工士气高昂。◆I should, at this point, declare my interest.到了这个时候，我应该申明我的利益关系。■ input /ˈɪnpʊt/ / [uncountable, countable] time, knowledge, ideas or effort that you put into work or a project in order to make it succeed （时间、知识、思想或努力的）投入，贡献◆I'd appreciate your input on this.我将感激你在这方面的投入。◆There has been a big input of resources into the project from industry.工业界对这个项目投入了大量资源。■ stake [singular] (always followed by in 总是后接in) an important part or share in a business, plan, etc. that is important to you and that you want to be successful （在公司、计划等中的）重大利益，重大利害关系◆She has a personal stake in the success of the play.这出戏成功与否对她个人有重大利害关系。◆Many young people no longer feel they have a stake in society.很多年轻人不再觉得他们与社会休戚相关。■ engagement [uncountable] (formal) being involved with sb/sth in an attempt to understand them/it （与⋯的）密切关系；（对⋯的）了解◆Her views are based on years of engagement with the problems of the inner city.她的观点建立在多年对内城区问题的了解之上。■ hand [singular] (always followed by in 总是后接in) (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) the part that sb/sth plays in a particular situation; sb's influence in a situation 角色；作用；影响◆Several of his colleagues had a hand in his downfall.他的几名同事对他的下台起了作用。◆This appointment was an attempt to strengthen her hand in policy discussions.这个任命旨在加强她在政策讨论中的作用。 song noun song ♦︎ tune ♦︎ melody ♦︎ track ♦︎ part ♦︎ number ♦︎ themeThese are all words for a short piece of music. 这些词均表示歌曲、乐曲。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a song / tune / melody / track / number / theme by sb◆a beautiful song / tune / melody / theme◆a haunting song / melody / theme◆a little / catchy song / tune / melody / number◆a folk song / tune / melody◆to sing a song / tune / part / number◆to play a song / tune / melody / track / part / number / theme◆to perform a song / number / theme◆to hum a tune / melody / part / theme◆to write a song / tune / melody / track / part / theme◆to compose a song / tune / melody / part / theme◆to record a song / track / theme■ song [countable] a short piece of music with words that you sing 歌；歌曲◆a love / pop / popular song情歌；流行歌曲◆We sang a song together.我们一起唱了一首歌。 see also piece ⇨ work noun 4 ■ tune [countable] a series of musical notes that are played or sung in a particular order to form a piece of music 曲调；曲子◆It was a catchy (= easily remembered) little tune.这是一首悦耳易记的小曲。◆It's sung to the tune of (= using the tune of) 'When the saints go marching in'.它是用《圣者的行进》的曲调唱的。■ melody / /ˈmelədi/ / [countable] a tune, especially the main tune in a piece of music written for several instruments or voices; a piece of music or a song with a clear or simple tune 旋律；曲调；（尤指）主旋律；（旋律简洁的）乐曲，歌曲◆The melody is then taken up by the flutes.接着用长笛奏主旋律。◆The musicians were playing a selection of old Irish melodies.音乐家们在演奏一些精选的爱尔兰老歌。■ track [countable] a piece of music or a song on a record, tape or CD （唱片、录音磁带或光盘上的）一段音乐，一首歌曲◆There are thirteen tracks on the album.这张专辑收录了十三首歌。■ part [countable] music for a particular voice or instrument in a group singing or playing together 部；声部；音部；段落◆I can play the guitar part to that song.我会弹奏那首歌曲的吉他声部。◆The first two verses of the song are set in four-part harmony.这首歌的前两节是四部和声。■ number [countable] a song or dance, especially one of several in a performance （尤指一场演出中的）一首歌，一段舞蹈◆They sang a slow romantic number.他们演唱了一首舒缓的浪漫歌曲。■ theme / /θiːm/ / [countable] a short tune that is repeated or developed in a piece of music; (in a film or television programme) a piece of music that is played at the beginning and end, or is often repeated in connection with a person or idea （乐曲的）主题，主旋律；（电影或电视节目的）主题音乐◆The trumpets' theme is then taken up by the rest of orchestra.接着由乐队其他人员演奏小号主旋律。◆He wrote and sang the theme to the hit TV series, 'Minder'.他创作并演唱风靡一时的电视系列剧《保镖》的主题歌。 join verb join ♦︎ be/get involved ♦︎ participate ♦︎ take part ♦︎ engage in sth ♦︎ enter ♦︎ join in (sth) ♦︎ have/play a part ♦︎ share ♦︎ enter into sthThese words all mean to take part in sth or to do sth with sb else. 这些词均表示参加、参与。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to join sb / get involved / participate / take part / engage / play a part / share in sth◆to get involved / join in / share sth / enter into sth with sb / sth◆to fully participate / take part / engage in sth / enter into sth◆to actively / directly participate / take part / engage in sth◆to be fully / actively / directly involved in sth■ join [transitive, intransitive] to become a member of an organization, company or club; to do sth that sb else is also doing or go somewhere with them 成为⋯的一员；参加；加入；参与◆She joined the company three months ago.她三个月前进了这家公司。◆I've joined an aerobics class.我参加了有氧健身班。◆It costs £20 to join.要交20英镑才可参加。◆Will you join us for lunch?你和我们一起吃午饭好吗？◆Members of the public joined the search for the missing boy.许多民众参与了搜寻失踪男孩的行动。■ be involved■ get involved phrase to do a particular type of activity; to be part of or connected with a group, club or society 参与（某项活动）；是⋯的成员；和⋯有关联◆I got involved in politics when I was at college.我上大学时参与了政治活动。◆She is very much involved with several local charitable groups.她和当地几个慈善组织有着密切的联系。 see also involvement ⇨ involvement ■ participate /pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt; NAmE pɑːrˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ [intransitive] (rather formal) to be involved in an activity or event 参加；参与◆She didn't participate in the discussion.她没有参加讨论。◆We want to encourage students to participate fully in the running of the college.我们想鼓励学生全面参与学院的管理。 see also participation ⇨ involvement , participant ⇨ participant ■ take ˈpart idiom (took, taken)to be involved in an activity or event 参加；参与◆He had taken part in a demonstration several years earlier.几年前他参加过一次示威游行。◆How many countries took part in the last Olympic Games?上届奥运会有多少个国家参赛？ see also part ⇨ involvement ■ enˈgage in sth phrasal verb (rather formal) to be involved in a particular type of activity 从事；参加◆Even in prison, he continued to engage in criminal activities.他甚至在监狱里还继续从事犯罪活动。 see also engagement ⇨ involvement NOTE 辨析 Be/get involved, participate, take part or engage in sth?You participate or take part in a particular activity or event: participate is more formal than take part. Be/get involved is a more general expression to talk about the kind of activity or area of interest that sb gives their time to: you might be involved in politics but would participate/take part in a political debate. Engage in sth is also used for more general types of activity, especially (but not only) activities that are bad in some way or cause disapproval. * participate和take part指参与特定的活动或事件，前者比后者更正式些；be/get involved表示花时间参与某种活动或从事某种爱好，含义更宽泛，可以说be involved in politics（参与政治），但要说participate/take part in a political debate（参加政治辩论）。engage in sth所参与的活动也较广，尤指参与（但不限于）不良或招致反对的活动。■ enter [transitive, no passive] (rather formal) to become a member of an institution; to start working in an organization or profession; to begin or become involved in an activity or situation 成为⋯的一员；加入；开始从事；着手进行◆I entered politics late in life.我晚年开始从政。◆She entered Parliament (= became an MP) in 1998.她于1998年成为英国国会议员。◆It was his aim to enter the Church (= become a priest).他的目标是成为神职人员。◆When did the US enter the conflict?美国什么时候卷入了冲突？◆Several new firms have now entered the market.有几家新公司现已进入了这一市场。▸ entry noun [uncountable] ◆countries seeking entry into the European Union寻求加入欧盟的国家◆the American entry into the war美国的参战NOTE 辨析 Join or enter? Join is the usual term for talking about becoming a member of an organization or club. Enter is used to talk about politics, professions such as law and medicine, and institutions such as universities, Parliament and the Church. * join通常指成为某个组织或俱乐部的成员；enter则指从政或从事律师和医生等职业，以及考入大学或成为议员和神职人员等。■ ˌjoin ˈin■ ˌjoin ˈin sth phrasal verb to take part in sth with other people 参加，参与（活动）◆She listens but she never joins in.她只是听，但从不参与其中。◆I wish he would join in with the other children.我真希望他能够和别的孩子一块玩。◆He didn't dare to join in the singing.他不敢和大家一起唱。■ have a ˈpart■ play a ˈpart idiom to be involved in an activity or situation and influence its development 参与（并发挥作用）◆She plays an active part in local politics.她积极参与地方政治活动。◆We all have a part in the making of this decision.做这个决定我们大家都有份儿。 see also part ⇨ involvement ■ share [intransitive, transitive] to work together with other people in an equal way to make work or responsibilities easier 共同承担；分担◆I try to get the kids to share in the housework.我试着让孩子们分担点家务活儿。◆Don't try to do everything yourself: you will need to share the load with your partner.不要什么事都自己做，你需要和同伴分担这些工作。ⓘ Collocates of share in this meaning include work, load, burden and responsibilities. * share表达此义时的搭配词有work、load、burden和responsibilities。 see also share ⇨ share noun ■ ˈenter into sth phrasal verb (rather formal) to become involved in a formal or business relationship with sb; to take an active part in sth 开始（建立正式或商务关系）；进入；积极参与◆Read the small print before you enter into any agreement.订立任何协议之前，先把协议细则阅读一遍。◆I refuse to enter into correspondence with such people.我拒绝与这种人建立通信联系。 partly adverb ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ quite 1 另见quite条第1义partly ♦︎ in part ♦︎ partially ♦︎ half ♦︎ to some extent ♦︎ somewhat ♦︎ moderately ♦︎ up to a pointThese words all mean to some degree, but not completely. 这些词均表示一定程度上、部分地。NOTE 辨析 Which word?Compare these words with the words in the entry for quite 1. Those words are generally more positive and emphasize the degree to which sth is good, successful, difficult, etc., even if it is not completely so. The words in this entry are slightly less positive: some tend to look at both how far sth is and is not true, successful, etc.; others tend to emphasize how far from being completely true, successful, etc. sth is. 把这些词同quite条第1义中的词作比较，后者总体来说更具肯定意义，强调某事物是好的、成功的或困难的，即便只是在一定程度上如此。而本词条中的词都略欠肯定意义。一些词既可表示真实性、成功等的程度，也可表示不真实、不成功的程度；另一些词则强调与完全的真实或成功的差距有多大。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆partly / partially / moderately successful◆partly / partially / half true◆to some extent / somewhat arbitrary◆partly / in part / partially / to some extent because...◆partly / in part / to some extent due to sth◆only partly / partially / half / to some extent / moderately / up to a point■ partly to some degree; not completely 一定程度上；部分地◆The measure was popular, partly because it was a way of avoiding tax.这项措施很受欢迎，部分原因是它能避税。◆The result is partly a matter of skill and partly of chance.出现这一结果既有技术原因也有运气原因。◆He was only partly responsible for the accident.他对这次事故只负有部分责任。◆It was partly my fault.部分是我的错。OPP completely ⇨ quite 2 ■ in ˈpart idiom (rather formal, especially written) partly; not completely 部分地；不完全地◆Her success was due in part to luck.她的成功在某种程度上是由于运气好。◆The money was at least in part provided by the families.这笔钱至少部分是各家各户凑的。■ partially /ˈpɑːʃəli; NAmE ˈpɑːrʃəli/ partly; not completely 部分地；不完全地◆The road was partially blocked by a fallen tree.一棵倒下的树挡住了部分道路。◆Machines replaced, at least partially, the skills of human workers.机器至少在一定程度上替代了人工。◆She teaches blind and partially sighted children.她的学生是盲童和弱视儿童。 see also partial ⇨ partial NOTE 辨析 Partly, in part or partially?These expressions all mean 'not completely'. 这些词均表示不完全地◆The road is partly / partially finished.已修好了部分道路。 Partly and in part are used especially to talk about the reason for sth and are often followed by because of or due to. * partly和in part尤用于说明原因，常后接because of或due to◆I didn't enjoy the trip very much, partly because of the weather.我没能很好地享受这次旅行，部分原因是天气不佳。◆Health problems attributed to air pollution may in part be due to heavy smoking.被认为是空气污染引发的健康问题，在一定程度上可能是过度吸烟造成的。 In part is more formal than partly and is used mostly in writing. When you are talking about permanent physical conditions you should use partially. * in part较partly正式，主要用于书面语。描述永久性的身体状况时，应该用partially◆The accident left her partially blind / deaf / disabled.这次事故使她视力／听力／活动能力部分受损。 ■ half to the extent of half; partly 到一半程度；部分地◆The bottle was only half full.瓶子只有半满。◆I was still half asleep.我仍然半睡半醒。◆He felt half afraid, half excited.他又害怕，又兴奋。◆She is half Italian.她有一半意大利血统。◆I half expected them to follow us.我有点希望他们会跟着我们。◆The result was not half as (= not nearly as) bad as expected.结果远不如预想的那么差。■ to some extent idiom (rather formal, especially written) used to show that sth is partly true or valid, but not completely 在某种程度上；不完全地◆To some extent, this is still the case.在某种程度上，情况依然如此。◆By this time, animals were, to some extent at least, tamed if not domesticated.到了这个时候，动物即使没有完全被驯化，也至少在某种程度上被驯服了。■ somewhat (NAmE or rather formal, BrE) to some extent; rather 在某种程度上；有点◆Her version of what happened was somewhat different.她对事件的描述有些不同。◆He was somewhat taken aback by the girl's directness.那女孩这么直截了当，倒让他有些吃惊。■ moderately /ˈmɒdərətli; NAmE ˈmɑːdərətli/ (rather formal) to an average degree; fairly but not very 一般地；勉强地◆The plan was only moderately successful.这个计划还算成功。◆Cook in a moderately hot oven.用不太热的烤箱烤制。■ up to a ˈpoint idiom to some degree but not completely 在某种程度上◆I agree with you up to a point.我在某种程度上同意你的看法。◆That is true only up to a point.仅仅在一定程度上是如此。◆ (especially BrE) I was successful up to a certain point.一定程度上讲，我成功了。ⓘ Up to a point is the least positive of the expressions in this entry; the emphasis is really on the extent to which sb does not agree or sth is not true. 在这个词条的所有表达方式中，up to a point最缺少肯定意义，要强调的其实是一定程度上某人不同意某种说法或某事并不属实。 disperse verb disperse ♦︎ break (sth) up ♦︎ separate ♦︎ scatter ♦︎ partThese words all refer to people or things moving apart in different directions. 这些词均表示向四周散开。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a crowd disperses / scatters / parts◆clouds disperse / part◆police disperse sb / break sth up■ disperse / /dɪˈspɜːs; NAmE dɪˈspɜːrs/ [intransitive, transitive] (rather formal, written) to move apart and go away in different directions; to make sb/sth do this 疏散；散开；驱散◆The fog began to disperse.雾开始散去。◆The crowd dispersed quickly.人群很快便散开了。◆Police dispersed the protesters with tear gas.警方用催泪弹驱散了抗议者。◆They dispersed the chemicals with a sheet of water.他们用一大滩水把那些化学剂冲走。◆The community was dispersed by the war.这个群体因战争而分散了。ⓘ Disperse can be used to talk about groups of people, clouds or substances in the air. * disperse可与表示人群、云彩或空气中的物质的词搭配。■ ˌbreak ˈup ■ ˌbreak sth ˈup phrasal verb (broke, broken) [intransitive](of a meeting) to finish, with the people going away in different directions; to make people leave a meeting or stop fighting, especially by using force （会议）散会；（尤指用武力）驱散，制止◆The meeting broke up at eleven o' clock.那次会议在11点散会。◆Police broke up the demonstration.警方制止了那次示威游行。◆A woman was hurt as she tried to break up a fight.一个女人在试图制止斗殴时受了伤。NOTE 辨析 disperse or break up?A meeting breaks up but the people, group or crowd at the meeting disperse(s). 表示会议结束，break up的主语是meeting，disperse的主语是与会的人（people、group、crowd等）◆The meeting dispersed at eleven o'clock. ◆The crowd broke up quickly. You can break up a demonstration or a fight, but police disperse the crowds or protesters at the demonstration. * break up可接demonstration或fight作宾语，disperse可接crowd或protester作宾语◆Police dispersed the demonstration. ◆Police broke up the protesters with tear gas. ■ separate /ˈsepəreɪt/ / [intransitive, transitive] to stop being a group or one whole thing and move apart in different directions; to make people move apart 分开；分离；使离散◆We separated into several different search parties.我们分成了几个搜索小组。◆Two men separated from the others and walked towards me.两名男子与其他人分开，朝我走了过来。◆South America and Africa separated 200 million years ago.2亿年前南美洲和非洲分离。◆The war separated many families.这场战争使许多家庭离散。 see also isolate ⇨ isolate , separate ⇨ separate 1 , separation ⇨ division 1 ■ scatter [intransitive, transitive](of a group of people, animals or things) to move apart very quickly in different directions; to make people or animals do this （人群、动物或事物）迅速散开；使分散；驱散◆At the first gunshot, the crowd scattered.枪一响，人群便四散奔逃了。◆He banged his fist on the table and the chess pieces scattered over the floor.他在桌子上猛击一拳，象棋子纷纷散落到地上。◆The explosion scattered a flock of birds roosting in the trees.爆炸声把栖息在树丛中的鸟群惊飞了。■ part [intransitive, transitive] (rather formal, written) (of two things or two parts of sth) to move apart; to make two things or two parts of sth move apart （两件东西或某物的两个部分）分开；使分开；解散◆The crowds parted in front of them.人群在他们面前分开了。◆The elevator doors parted and out stepped the President.电梯门打开了，总统从里面走了出来。◆Her lips were slightly parted.她的嘴唇微微张开。◆She parted the curtains a little and looked out.她把窗帘扒开个缝向外张望。 isolate verb isolate ♦︎ cut sb/sth off ♦︎ part ♦︎ quarantine ♦︎ divide ♦︎ segregateThese words all mean to separate sb/sth from sb/sth else and keep them apart. 这些词均表示隔离、隔绝、使分开。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to isolate / cut off / part / divide / segregate sb / sth from sb / sth else◆to isolate yourself / cut yourself off◆to isolate / quarantine / segregate a patient ◆a community is isolated / cut off / segregated◆completely / totally isolated / cut off◆socially isolated / divided / segregated■ isolate / /ˈaɪsəleɪt/ / [transitive, often passive] to separate sb/sth physically or socially from other people or things 隔离；孤立；使脱离◆Patients with the disease should be isolated.这种病的患者应予以隔离。◆He was immediately isolated from the other prisoners.他被立刻与其他囚犯隔离开来。 see also isolation ⇨ division 1 , separate ⇨ disperse ■ ˌcut sb/sth ˈoff phrasal verb (cutting, cut, cut) [often passive] to prevent sb/sth from leaving or reaching a place or communicating with people outside a place 切断⋯的去路（或来路）；使与外界隔绝◆The army was cut off from its base.部队与基地失去了联络。◆She feels very cut off living in the country.她住在乡间感到很闭塞。◆He cut himself off from all human contact.他断绝了与所有人的联系。■ part [transitive, often passive] (formal) to prevent sb from being with sb else 分离；分开；隔离◆I hate being parted from the children.我不愿与孩子们分开。◆The puppies were parted from their mother at birth.小狗崽儿一出生就和妈妈分开了。■ quarantine / /ˈkwɒrəntiːn; NAmE ˈkwɔːrəntiːn, ˈkwɑːrəntiːn/ [transitive] to keep an animal or person who may have a disease away from others for a period of time, in order to prevent the disease from spreading （对动物或人）进行检疫，隔离◆Animals brought into the country are automatically quarantined.入境的动物一律进行检疫。ⓘ It is more common to use quarantine as a noun. * quarantine较常用作名词。 see also quarantine ⇨ division 1 ■ divide [transitive] (formal) to separate two people or things 使分离；使分开◆Can it ever be right to divide a mother from her child?让母子分离难道还有可能是对的？OPP unite ⇨ combine ■ segregate /ˈsegrɪgeɪt/ / [transitive, often passive] (formal) to separate people of different races, religions or sexes and treat them differently 隔离并区别对待（不同种族、宗教或性别的人）◆It is a culture in which women are segregated from men.这是一种女性受到隔离歧视的文化。◆This is perhaps the most racially segregated city in the United States.这可能是美国种族隔离最严重的城市。 OPP integrate ⇨ combine see also segregation ⇨ division 1 leave1 verb It's time we left. 我们该走了。leave home/school 离家；离校leave your job 辞职leave sb/sth behind 丢下某人；忘了带某物leave your husband/wife 抛弃丈夫／妻子leave sb in charge 委托某人负责 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ set off 另见set off条leave ♦︎ go ♦︎ exit ♦︎ depart ♦︎ be off ♦︎ partThese words all mean to go away from a person or place. 这些词均表示离开某人或某处。NOTE 辨析 Leave or go away?The words in the leave entry emphasize the act or time of leaving sb/sth; the words in the go away entry emphasize the need or desire of the speaker to be somewhere else or for sb else to be somewhere else. * leave条下的词强调离开某人／某物的行为或时间；go away条下的词强调讲话者需要或想要去别处，或希望他人到别处去。 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ go away 另见go away条 PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to leave / go / exit / depart / part from sb / sth◆to leave / depart for sth◆to leave / go / depart at 9 a.m., midnight, etc.◆to be ready / about / going to leave / go / depart◆to be forced to leave / go / depart / part◆let's go / be off◆to leave / go / depart / be off now / soon / at once◆to leave / go / depart quickly / immediately◆to leave / go / be off in a hurry■ leave (left, left) [intransitive, transitive] to go away from a place 离开（某处）◆Come on－it's time we left.快点，我们该走了。◆The plane leaves for Dallas at 12.35.飞机于12:35起飞，前往达拉斯。◆They got into an argument and were asked to leave.他们争论了起来，因而被要求离开。◆John says he left the restaurant at around midnight.约翰说他在午夜前后离开了餐厅。◆I hate leaving home.我很不愿意离开家。OPP arrive ⇨ arrive , enter ⇨ enter ■ go (went, gone) [intransitive] to leave a place 离开；离去◆I must be going now.我现在必须得走了。◆Has she gone yet?她走了吗？◆Don't go－I want to talk to you.别走－我有话跟你说。◆He's been gone an hour (= he left an hour ago).他离开一个小时了。◆The train goes in a few minutes' time.火车一会儿就要开了。ⓘ Go is often used with on to talk about sb leaving a place in order to travel, have a holiday or do sth different. * go常与on搭配，指某人离开某处去旅行、度假或做不同的事情◆to go on a journey / tour / trip / cruise去旅行；去旅游；去短途旅行；去乘游轮度假◆to go on holiday / vacation去度假 OPP stay ⇨ stay 1 see also go ⇨ go 1 , go ⇨ go 2 , going ⇨ departure 1 ■ exit [intransitive, transitive] (formal) to leave a building, room, stage, vehicle or other place 出去；离开；退场◆The bullet entered his chest and exited through his back.子弹从他的前胸射入，从后背穿出。◆We exited via a fire door.我们从防火安全门走了出去。◆Exit Hamlet.(= used in the text of a play to say who should come off the stage) 哈姆雷特退场。◆Passengers exited the aircraft through the rear door.乘客从后门下了飞机。OPP enter ⇨ enter see also exit ⇨ departure noun 1 ■ depart /dɪˈpɑːt; NAmE dɪˈpɑːrt/ [intransitive, transitive] (rather formal) to leave a place, especially to start a trip 离去；起程；出发；离开（某处）◆Flights for Amsterdam depart from Terminal 3.飞往阿姆斯特丹的航班从3号航站楼出发。◆You must depart for England immediately.你必须立即起程去英格兰。◆ (NAmE) The train departs Amritsar at 4.20 p.m.火车下午4:20从阿姆利则出发。◆She waited until the last of the guests had departed.她一直等到最后一位客人离去。ⓘ In ordinary speech, depart is formal, but it is the usual official word used about planes, trains, etc. that are leaving. 在日常口语中，depart颇为正式，但在表示飞机、火车等即将离开时为通常的规范用语。 OPP arrive ⇨ arrive see also departure ⇨ departure 1 ■ ˌbe ˈoff phrase (especially BrE, informal, spoken) to leave a place 离开（某处）◆It's time we were off.我们该离开了。◆He's off to Rome in the morning.他已于早晨离开去罗马。◆And they're off!(= used by sb describing the start of a race) 看，他们起跑了！■ part [intransitive] (formal) (of people) to move apart in different directions; to leave another person （人）离开，离别◆We parted at the airport.我们在机场分手了。◆He has recently parted from his wife (= they have started to live apart).他最近与妻子分居了。◆I never forgot his parting words (= what he said as he left).我一直记得他临别时说的话。 |