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frontier noun
⇨ border (a frontier settlement) ⇨ limit 2 (the frontiers of science) border noun border ♦︎ boundary ♦︎ line ♦︎ frontierThese are all words for a line that marks the edge of sth and separates it from other areas or things. 这些词均表示分界线。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆across / along / on / over a / the border / boundary / line / frontier◆inside / within / beyond / outside the borders / boundaries / frontiers◆at the boundary / frontier◆the border / boundary / line / frontier between one place and another◆the border / boundary / frontier with a place◆north / south / east / west / one side / both sides of the border / boundary / line / frontier◆the northern / southern / eastern / western border / boundary / frontier◆a national / common border / boundary / frontier◆to form / mark / cross a / the border / boundary / line / frontier◆to arrive at / reach / stop at a / the border / boundary / frontier◆to share a border / boundary / frontier■ border [countable] the line that separates two countries or areas; the land near this line 国界；边界；边疆；边界地区◆They spent a week in a national park on the border between Kenya and Tanzania.他们在位于肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚边界的国家公园度过了一星期。◆The treaty fixed Denmark's new border with Germany.该条约确定了丹麦和德国之间新的国界线。◆I live in a small town in the US, near the Canadian border.我住在靠近加拿大边界的一个美国小镇。◆Thousands of illegal immigrants cross the border every day.每天都有数千非法移民穿越边界。■ boundary / /ˈbaʊndri/ / [countable] a line that marks the edges of an area of land and separates it from other areas 边界；界限；分界线◆After the war the national boundaries were redrawn.战后重新划定了国界。◆Three settlers were killed in a boundary dispute last week.三个移民上周在边界争端中遇害。◆The fence marked the boundary between my property and hers.那道篱笆曾是我和她的房产之间的界线。■ line [countable] a long thin mark on the ground to show the limit or border of sth, especially of a playing area in some sports; an imaginary boundary between one area of land and another; a line on a map that shows this （尤指运动场地的）界线，场界；（假想的或地图上标示的）分界线，边界线◆The ball went over the line.球出界了。◆ (BrE) The two horses crossed the finishing line together.那两匹马同时越过终点线。◆ (NAmE) the finish line终点线◆He was convicted of illegally importing weapons across state lines.他被判犯有非法越州偷运武器罪。◆Lines of longitude and latitude are marked on the map.地图上标有经线和纬线。■ frontier /ˈfrʌntɪə(r); NAmE frʌnˈtɪr/ [countable] (BrE) the line that separates two countries or areas; the land near this line 国界；边界；边疆；边境◆The river formed the frontier between the land of the Saxons and that of the Danes.这条河曾是撒克逊人与古斯堪的纳维亚人土地的分界线。◆There were very few border controls on the south-western frontier.西南边疆的边境管制极少。ⓘ The frontier [singular] is used in both British and American English to talk about the edge of land where people live and have built towns, beyond which the country is wild and unknown, especially in the Western US in the 19th century. * the frontier在英式和美式英语中均指有人居住并开发了城镇的边陲地带，以外便是荒芜的未知乡野，尤指19世纪美国西部的边远地区◆a remote frontier settlement位于荒僻边远地区的定居点◆ (figurative) Is space the final frontier?太空是最后的边疆吗？ NOTE 辨析 Which word?The point where you cross from one country to another is usually called the border. In British English it can also be called the frontier, but this is often in a context of wildness, danger and uncertainty. 国界线通常叫border，英式英语中亦称frontier，但frontier常与荒芜、危险和不确定因素联系在一起◆The rebels control the frontier and the surrounding area.叛乱分子控制了边疆一带地区。The line on a map that shows the border of a country can be called the boundary but 'boundary' is not used when you cross from one country to another. 地图上标示的国界线可叫boundary，但穿越国界不用boundary◆After the war the national boundaries were redrawn.战后重新划定了国界。◆Thousands of immigrants cross the boundary every day. Boundary is used for the borders between counties in Britain, both on the map and on the ground. 在英国，boundary既指地图上标示的郡界，也指地面上的郡界◆We crossed the county boundary into Devon.我们越过郡界进入德文了。States and counties in the US are separated by lines but 'line' is not used for national borders. 在美国，州界和县界用line，但国界不用line◆crossing state / county lines跨越州界／县界◆national lines Boundary can also be a physical line between two places, for example between property belonging to two different people, marked by a fence or wall. * boundary亦可指两地间有形的分界线，如用篱笆或墙隔开分属于两个人的土地分界线◆the boundary fence / wall between the properties地产间的篱笆／墙分界线 limit2 noun a speed/time/age limit 速度／时间／年龄限制a limit to what we can do 我们做事能力的限度limit ♦︎ line ♦︎ boundary ♦︎ parameter ♦︎ bounds ♦︎ frontier ♦︎ confines ♦︎ borderlineThese are all words for the edge of an area of thought, behaviour or possibility, or the division between one area of thought, etc. and another. 这些词均表示思想、行为或可能性的限度、界限或分界线。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the line / boundary / borderline between sth and sth else◆beyond the limits / boundaries / parameters / bounds / frontiers / confines of sth◆within the limits / boundaries / parameters / bounds / confines of sth◆outside the limits / parameters / bounds / confines of sth◆at the limits / boundaries / frontiers / borderline of sth◆on the boundary / borderline between / of sth◆to extend the limits / boundaries / parameters / bounds / frontiers of sth◆to set / define / establish the limits / boundaries / parameters / bounds of sth◆to cross the boundary / borderline between / of sth■ limit [countable] the point at which sth stops being possible or existing 限度；极限◆There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear.我们能忍受的疼痛是有限度的。◆There is no limit to what we can achieve.我们可实现的目标是没有极限的。◆Our finances have been stretched to the limit.我们的财力已经消耗殆尽。◆She pushed me to the limit of my abilities.她把我推到了能力的极限。◆She knew the limits of her power.她知道自己的权限。■ line [countable] the division between one area of thought or behaviour and another （思想或行为的）界限，分界线◆We want to cut across lines of race, sex and religion.我们想超越种族、性别和宗教的界限。◆There is a fine line between showing interest in what someone is doing and interfering in it.关心别人正在做的事情和插手其中之间存在着细微的差别。◆There is no clear dividing line between what is good and what is bad.好事与坏事之间没有明显的分界线。■ boundary / /baʊndri/ / [countable] something that marks the limits or edges of one area of thought or behaviour and/or separates it from another （思想或行为的）边界，界限，分界线◆It is up to the teacher to set the boundary between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour.划清可为与不可为之间的界限是老师的职责。◆Scientists continue to push back the boundaries of human knowledge.科学家不断扩大人类知识的范围。NOTE 辨析 Line or boundary?A line between two areas of thought or behaviour is sth that exists and often needs to be judged carefully. A boundary does not just exist: it has to be decided by sb. * line指两种思想或行为之间现存的、而且经常需要仔细判断的界限；boundary不仅是现存的，而且是必须由某人来规定的界限◆no clear dividing boundary ◆a fine boundary between ◆It is up to the teacher to set the line... Boundary often directs your attention to what lies within the boundaries, which mark the edge of what you are considering: you can push back/extend the boundaries of sth but not◆push back/extend the lines * boundary常把人的注意力引向界限内的东西，这就限定了考虑的范围。可以说push back/extend the boundaries of sth，但不说push back/extend the lines。 ■ parameter / /pəˈræmɪtə(r)/ / [countable, usually plural] (formal) something that marks the limits of what you are considering or how sth can be done 规范；范围◆We need to define the parameters of this debate.我们需要为这次辩论设定规范。◆We had to work within the parameters that had already been established.我们必须在设定的范围内工作。■ bounds / /baʊndz/ / [plural] (rather formal) the accepted or furthest limits of sth 限制范围；极限◆Public spending must be kept within reasonable bounds.公共开支必须控制在合理的范围内。◆It was not beyond the bounds of possibility that they would meet again one day.他们有一天会再度相遇，这不是没有可能。◆His enthusiasm knew no bounds (= was very great).他的热情无比高涨。■ frontier /ˈfrʌntɪə(r); NAmE frʌnˈtɪr/ [countable, usually plural] the limits of what is known about sth or what sb/sth can do 学科的尖端；权力的边缘◆This research programme aims to push back the frontiers of science.本科研项目力争开拓科学前沿。■ confines /ˈkɒnfaɪnz; NAmE ˈkɑːnfaɪnz/ [plural] (formal) a limited amount of space within walls or other barriers; the limits of what is known, allowed or possible in a situation （墙壁等围成的）范围；界限；边界◆He spent three years within the narrow confines of the prison.他在狭小的监狱里度过了三年时间。◆She wanted to experience things outside the close confines of family life.她想体验一些超出家庭小圈子的事情。 see also confine sb/sth to sth ⇨ confine sb/sth to sth NOTE 辨析 Frontiers or confines? Confines emphasizes how little space, knowledge etc. there is; frontiers emphasizes how much knowledge there is and how it is increasing. * confines强调空间或知识等范围的狭窄，frontier强调知识的多少以及如何增长。■ borderline [countable] the division between two qualities or conditions （两种特质或状况之间的）分界线◆The biography sometimes crosses the borderline between fact and fiction.这部传记有时混淆了事实与虚构的分界线。 see also borderline ⇨ vague adj. |