| 例句 |
smear verb
⇨ cover (smear mud on the walls) ⇨ discredit (an attempt to smear the prime minister)smear noun
⇨ mark cover verb cover ♦︎ coat ♦︎ spread ♦︎ rub ♦︎ smear ♦︎ daub ♦︎ cakeThese words all mean to put a liquid or a soft substance onto sth. 这些词均表示将液体或稀软之物涂抹、覆盖到某物上。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to cover / coat / spread / rub / smear / daub / cake sth with sth◆to cover / coat / cake sth in sth◆to spread / rub / smear / daub sth on sth◆to spread / smear sth over sth◆to cover sth with / coat sth with / spread a layer of sth◆to rub / smear oil into / onto sth◆to be covered / coated / caked in / with dust◆to be covered / caked in / with dirt◆to be covered / smeared / caked in / with mud◆to be covered / coated / smeared in / with grease / oil◆to be covered / coated / smeared / daubed with paint◆to be covered / smeared / daubed / caked in / with blood◆to be covered / coated / spread with chocolate◆liberally covered / coated / spread / smeared◆thickly / thinly covered / coated / spread■ cover [transitive, often passive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) to put a layer of sth, especially sth liquid, soft or dirty, on sb/sth 覆上，洒上，溅上（一层液体、稀软或脏的东西）◆The players were soon covered in mud.那些运动员很快就满身泥浆。◆The wind blew in from the desert and covered everything with sand.风从沙漠那边吹来，把一切都蒙上了一层沙。■ coat [transitive, often passive] to cover sth with a layer of a substance 给⋯涂上一层；（用⋯）覆盖◆The cookies were thickly coated with chocolate.曲奇上涂了厚厚一层巧克力。◆A film of dust coated the table.桌上覆盖着一层灰尘。NOTE 辨析 Cover or coat? Cover is a more general word than coat. Coat is used especially when sth is deliberately covered with a fixed layer for decoration or protection. * cover比coat含义广。coat尤指出于装饰或保护目的，有意在某物上面牢固地覆盖上一层◆The flakes are coated with sugar (= the sugar is fixed onto them).薄片上涂了一层糖。◆The flakes are covered with sugar (= the sugar is not fixed onto them).薄片上沾了一层糖。When sth gets coated in dust or grease, it suggests that the dust or grease may be quite thick and hard to remove. 分词coated指某物覆盖着灰尘或油脂时，暗示灰尘或油脂可能很厚，难以去除◆More than 400 birds were coated with oil when 50 tonnes of crude oil spilled into the sea.50吨原油泄漏到海里后，400多只鸟身上裹了一层油污。 ■ spread (spread, spread) [transitive, intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) to deliberately put a layer of a substance onto the surface of sth; to be able to be put onto a surface 涂；敷；抹◆She spread butter on a piece of toast.她往烤面包片上抹黄油。◆Spread the cake with cream and then sprinkle flakes of chocolate on top.把奶油抹到蛋糕上，然后在上面撒些巧克力碎片。◆If the paint is too thick, it will not spread easily.油漆如果太稠就不容易涂抹。ⓘ Spread is used about substances that you spread deliberately; it is not used about dirt or grease that gets onto sth by accident. * spread指有意涂抹，不用来指灰尘或油脂意外沾染到某物上。■ rub (-bb-) [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to spread a liquid or other substance over a surface while pressing firmly 涂；抹；搽◆She rubbed moisturizer into her skin.她把乳液揉抹进皮肤里。◆Rub some salt on the fish before cooking.烹制前在鱼身上抹些盐。■ smear / /smɪə(r); NAmE smɪr/ [transitive] to spread a soft substance over a surface in a rough or careless way （用稀软物质）胡乱涂抹◆The children had smeared mud on the walls.那些孩子往墙上乱涂泥巴。◆His face was smeared with blood.他满脸血污。 see also smear ⇨ mark noun ■ daub /dɔːb/ / [transitive, often passive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to spread a substance such as paint or mud onto sth thickly and/or carelessly （用颜料、灰泥等）涂抹，乱涂，乱画◆The walls of the building were daubed with red paint.这座楼的几面墙上随意涂了一层红漆。NOTE 辨析 Smear or daub? Daub is often passive; smear is often active or passive. Daub always needs an adverb or preposition; smear can be used without. * daub常用被动形式，smear主动或被动形式均很常用。daub总是与副词或介词连用，smear可不跟副词或介词◆She had smeared her make-up.她胡乱化了妆。◆She had daubed her make-up. Daub is often used when talking about words which are written on sth; smear is not usually used in this way. 在某物上涂写字句常用daub，smear一般不这样用◆They found a message daubed onto the wall of the cell.他们在小房间墙上发现了一条涂写的信息。◆They found a message smeared onto the wall of the cell. ■ cake [transitive, usually passive] to cover sth with a thick layer of sth soft that becomes hard when it dries （用干后变硬的稀软物质）覆盖（厚厚一层）◆Her shoes were caked with mud.她的鞋上沾满泥巴。 discredit verb discredit ♦︎ libel ♦︎ slander ♦︎ defame ♦︎ vilify ♦︎ malign ♦︎ smearThese words all mean to say, write or do things that damage sb/sth's reputation. 这些词均表示诋毁、诽谤、中伤。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to be discredited / vilified / maligned for / as sth◆to discredit / smear the government■ discredit / /dɪsˈkredɪt/ / [transitive] to cause people to stop respecting sb/sth 败坏⋯的名声；使丢脸◆The photos were deliberately taken to discredit the President.这些照片是为了败坏总统的名声而蓄意拍摄的。 see also discredit ⇨ disgrace noun 2 ■ libel / /ˈlaɪbl/ / [transitive] to publish a printed statement about sb/sth that is not true and is likely to damage their reputation; to commit the legal offence of making this kind of statement （以文字）诽谤，中伤；触犯诽谤（罪）◆He claimed he had been libelled in an article the magazine had published.他声称自己受到那本杂志发表的一篇文章的诽谤。▸ libel noun [uncountable, countable] ◆He sued the newspaper for libel.他起诉那家报社犯有诽谤罪。◆In a libel action a newspaper must prove that any comments it printed are true.在诽谤诉讼中，报社必须证明自己发表的任何评论都是真实的。▸ libellous / /ˈlaɪbələs/ / adjective ◆There have been several libellous statements posted on a website in the UK.英国一家网站上已经出现了一些诽谤性声明。■ slander / /ˈslɑːndə(r); NAmE ˈslændər/ [transitive] to make a spoken statement about sb/sth that is not true and is likely to damage their reputation; to commit the legal offence of making this kind of statement （口头）诽谤，诋毁，中伤；触犯诽谤（罪）◆He angrily accused the investigators of slandering both him and his family.他气愤地指责调查者诋毁他和他的家人。▸ slander noun [countable, uncountable] ◆She regarded his comments as a vicious slander on her reputation.她认为他的评论对她的声誉是一种恶意中伤。◆He's suing them for slander.他控告他们口头诽谤。▸ slanderous /ˈslɑːndərəs/ / adjective ◆You have no right to make such slanderous, evil accusations.你没有权利作出这种诽谤性的恶意指责。■ defame / /dɪˈfeɪm/ / [transitive] (formal) to libel or slander sb 诬蔑；诽谤；诋毁◆The newspaper denies any intention to defame the senator's reputation.该报社否认故意诋毁那名参议员的声誉。▸ defamation / /ˌdefəˈmeɪʃn/ / noun [uncountable, countable] ◆He brought a legal action against the magazine for defamation of character.他起诉该杂志社诋毁他的人格。▸ defamatory / /dɪˈfæmətri; NAmE dɪˈfæmətɔːri/ adjective ◆He claims that defamatory comments were made about him.他声称遭到蓄意诽谤。■ vilify /ˈvɪlɪfaɪ/ / [transitive] (formal) to say or write things that show hatred for sb/sth and make them seem evil 恶意丑化；中伤◆They were vilified by the press as 'international terrorists'.他们被新闻界诬蔑为“国际恐怖分子”。ⓘ A person or thing is usually vilified by a group of people over a period of time. * vilify用于被动语态通常指某人或某事在一段时间内受到一伙人的诋毁。▸ vilification / /ˌvɪlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ / noun [uncountable] ◆the vilification of single parents by right-wing politicians右翼政客对单亲家长的诋毁■ malign / /məˈlaɪn/ / [transitive] (written) to say or write things about sb/sth that are unfair and damage their reputation 诽谤；诋毁；中伤◆She feels she has been much maligned by the press.她觉得自己遭到了新闻界的恣意诽谤。■ smear /smɪə(r); NAmE smɪr/ [transitive] (rather informal) to make claims about sb/sth that are intended to damage their reputation, especially in politics （尤指在政治上）诽谤，诋毁，抹黑◆The story was an attempt to smear the party leader.这篇报道企图破坏该党领袖的声誉。▸ smear noun [countable] ◆The Prime Minister has called for an end to smears and personal attacks in the run-up to the election.首相呼吁在选举前停止相互诋毁和人身攻击。◆He was a victim of a smear campaign.他受到对方大肆造谣中伤。 mark noun mark ♦︎ stain ♦︎ fingerprint ♦︎ streak ♦︎ speck ♦︎ blot ♦︎ smear ♦︎ blemish ♦︎ smudge ♦︎ spotThese are all words for a small area of dirt or another substance on a surface. 这些词均表示污点、斑点、污迹。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a mark / stain / fingerprint / streak / speck / blot / smear / blemish / smudge / spot on sth◆a streak / speck / blot / smear / smudge / spot of sth◆a greasy mark / stain / smear◆an ink mark / stain / blot / spot◆a grease mark / stain / spot◆to leave a mark / stain / fingerprint / streak / speck / blot / smear / smudge◆to remove a mark / stain / fingerprint / speck / smear / blemish / smudge / spot■ mark [countable] a small area of dirt or other substance on the surface of sth, especially one that spoils its appearance 污点；污迹；斑点◆The kids left dirty marks all over the kitchen floor.孩子们把厨房的地板弄得污迹斑斑。◆There were burn marks on the carpet.地毯上有烧灼的痕迹。◆A faint pencil mark showed where the house was on the map.淡淡的铅笔记号标示出房子在地图上的位置。■ stain [countable] a dirty mark on sth that is difficult to remove, especially one made by a liquid （尤指液体留下的）污点，污渍◆I couldn't get the stains out of my jeans.我牛仔裤上的污渍去除不了。◆A dark stain spread over the patterned carpet.深色的污渍在印花地毯上扩散开来。◆blood / coffee / wine stains血迹；咖啡渍；葡萄酒渍 see also stained ⇨ dirty ■ fingerprint / /ˈfɪŋgəprɪnt; NAmE ˈfɪŋgərprɪnt/ [countable] a mark on a surface made by the pattern of lines on the end of a person's finger, often used by the police to identify criminals 指纹；指印◆His fingerprints were all over the gun.那把枪上布满了他的指纹。◆The police took their fingerprints (= made them leave the mark of their fingerprints as a record).警察录了他们的指纹。▸ fingerprint verb [transitive] ◆I was booked, fingerprinted (= my fingerprints were taken) and locked up for the night.我被立案审查，录了指纹并关了一夜。■ streak /striːk/ / [countable] a long thin mark or line that is a different colour from the surface it is on 条纹；条痕◆There was a streak of blood on his face.他脸上有一道血痕。◆She had streaks of grey in her hair.她头上已见绺绺白发。◆The sooty rain left dirty streaks on the window.混有煤烟子的雨水在窗户上留下道道污痕。■ speck [countable] a very small mark, spot or piece of a substance on sth 小点；污点◆There isn't a speck of dust anywhere in the house.房子里一尘不染。◆The bird has reddish specks on its breast.这只鸟胸部有淡红的斑点。■ blot [countable] a spot or dirty mark left on sth by a substance such as ink or paint being dropped on a surface 污点；墨渍◆There were ink blots all over the paper.纸上墨渍斑斑。■ smear / /smɪə(r)/ / [countable] a mark made by sth such as oil or paint being spread or rubbed on a surface 污迹；油渍；污渍◆There was a smear of paint on his cheek.他脸上有一块油漆渍。 see also smear ⇨ cover verb ■ blemish / /ˈblemɪʃ/ / [countable] (especially written) a mark on the skin or on an object that spoils its appearance and makes it less perfect （皮肤上影响外表的）斑点，疤痕；（物品上的）瑕疵◆Cover up unsightly blemishes with our new liquid make-up.请用我们的新款化妆液遮盖不雅观的斑点。 see also imperfection ⇨ defect ■ smudge [countable] a dirty mark with no clear shape made by sth such as paint or ink being rubbed onto a surface （模糊的）污迹，污痕◆There was a smudge of lipstick on the cup.杯子上有口红印。■ spot [countable] a small dirty mark on sth 污迹；污渍；污点◆His jacket was covered with spots of mud.他的上衣满是泥污。◆There were grease spots all over the walls.墙上油渍斑斑。 |