| 例句 |
specific adj.
⇨ exact (Please be more specific.) ⇨ particular (a specific purpose)exact adjective exact ♦︎ precise ♦︎ accurate ♦︎ specificThese words all describe sth that gives all the details of sth correctly. 这些词均表示精确的、准确的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆precise / accurate / specific about sb / sth◆exact / precise / accurate / specific instructions / details◆exact / precise / accurate measurements◆an exact / a precise / an accurate answer / description◆a precise / an accurate account◆an exact / an accurate picture / copy◆the exact / precise time◆quite exact / precise / accurate / specific■ exact [usually before noun] giving all the details correctly 精确的；准确的◆She gave an exact description of the attacker.她对袭击者作了精确的描述。◆What were his exact words?他的原话是什么？◆She's in her mid-thirties－36, to be exact.她35岁左右－确切地说是36岁。OPP approximate , rough ⇨ vague see also exact ⇨ very adj. ▸ exactly adverb ◆Do exactly as I tell you.严格按我说的办。◆It happened almost exactly a year ago.这件事发生在差不多正好一年前。■ precise / /prɪˈsaɪs/ / giving all the details clearly and correctly; based on correct and careful measurement or judgement 明确的；准确的；精确的◆Please give precise details about your previous experience.请细说一下你以前的经历。◆She was reasonably precise about the time of the incident.她还算准确地说出了事情发生的时间。◆It measures 3.4 metres, to be precise.准确地说，它的尺寸是3.4米。OPP imprecise ⇨ vague see also precise ⇨ very adj. ▸ precisely adverb ◆That's precisely what I meant.那恰恰是我的意思。▸ precision / /prɪˈsɪʒn/ / noun [uncountable] ◆Her writing is imaginative but lacks precision.她的文章想象力丰富，但是不够细致。■ accurate correct in every detail 正确无误的◆Accurate records must be kept at all times.任何时候都必须保存准确的记录。◆The test results are accurate in 99% of cases.测试结果准确率达99%。◆The novel wasn't intended to be historically accurate.小说不追求如实反映历史。OPP inaccurate ⇨ wrong 1 ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ reliable 2 另见reliable条第2义▸ accuracy / /ˈækjərəsi/ / noun [uncountable] ◆They questioned the accuracy of the information in the file.他们怀疑档案中信息的正确性。▸ accurately adverb ◆The report accurately reflects the current state of the industry.该报告如实反映了这个行业的现状。NOTE 辨析 Exact, precise or accurate? Accurate can often be used before a noun in the same way as exact and precise. 作定语时accurate的用法常与exact和precise相同◆exact / precise / accurate records正确的／精确的／准确的记录When the words are used after a linking verb, there is a slightly different emphasis, especially in negative statements. A description that is not very exact/precise lacks details; a description that is not very accurate gives details, but the details are wrong. Precise includes the idea of being clear and certain as well as correct and can be used to talk about people in the phrase be precise about sth. Exact is not usually used in this way. 但用在连系动词后，尤其是否定句时，这几个词所强调的重点略有不同。not very exact/precise指缺乏细节的描述，not very accurate指描述中有细节，但内容有误。precise除了“正确”之外，还有“清楚、肯定”之意；可用于短语sb be precise about sth，指某人对某事确定无疑。exact一般不这样用◆She was reasonably exact about the time of the incident. If you are reasonably accurate about sth you are reasonably correct about it, not reasonably clear and certain. * be reasonably accurate about sth指还算正确，不含“清楚、肯定”之意。 ■ specific giving all the details clearly and carefully 明确的；具体的◆I gave you specific instructions.我明确告诉过你怎么做的。◆'I'd like your help tomorrow.' 'Can you be more specific (= tell me exactly what you want)?'“我想让你明天来帮我。”“你能不能说得具体些？”ⓘ Specific is often used in the same way as precise; it is frequently used in order to ask sb to be more precise, to complain that sb has not been precise, or to insist that you have been precise (for example, when sb has ignored your instructions). * specific常与precise的用法相同，常用于要求某人更明确些，或抱怨某人不够明确，或坚称自己说得已经很清楚了。 particular adjective particular ♦︎ certain ♦︎ separate ♦︎ specific ♦︎ individual ♦︎ single ♦︎ respective ♦︎ distinctThese words are all used to talk about one person or thing, not others. 这些词均表示特定的、个别的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sth is separate / distinct from sth else◆a particular / certain / specific / individual person◆a particular / a certain / a separate / a specific / an individual / a single / a distinct category / region◆respective categories / regions◆a particular / certain / separate / specific / single event / incident / occasion◆a particular / certain / separate / specific location◆particular / certain / separate / individual / single / distinct components◆particular / certain / specific / individual / respective / distinct needs / requirements◆a particular / certain / specific / single / distinct context◆respective contexts◆a particular / certain / specific / single / distinct objective / purpose◆a particular / certain / specific date◆respective dates◆a particular / a separate / an individual / a single / a distinct strand◆a / an separate / individual / single / distinct entity◆a particular / a certain / a separate / a specific / an individual / a distinct type of sth◆a particular / certain / specific / distinct kind of sth◆quite separate / specific / distinct■ particular [only before noun] used to emphasize that you are referring only to one person, thing or type of thing and not others 专指的，特指的（与泛指相对）◆There is one particular patient I'd like you to see.我想让你见一个病人。◆The policy seems to discriminate against particular groups of people.这一政策似乎对某些群体有歧视。◆Here, in no particular order (= the order is not important and has not been deliberately chosen), is a selection of readers' comments.这里挑选了部分读者的意见，排序不分先后。▸ particularly adverb ◆Traffic is bad, particularly on the way into town.交通状态很差，尤其是进城方向。◆I enjoyed the play, particularly the second half.我喜欢那个剧，尤其是后半部。■ certain [only before noun] used to mention a particular thing, person or group without giving any more details about it/them （不提及细节时用）某个，某些，某种◆Certain people might disagree with this.某些人对这事可能有异议。◆They refused to release their hostages unless certain conditions were met.除非某些条件得到满足，否则他们拒绝释放人质。ⓘ In formal English certain can be used when mentioning a person who has been named but who is not known. 在正式英语中，certain可指知其姓名不知其人的情况◆It was a certain Dr Davis who performed the operation.是一位叫戴维斯的医生做的手术。 ■ separate forming a unit by itself; not with or joined to sth else; (of several things of the same type) different and not connected 单独的；独立的；不同的；不相关的◆They sleep in separate bedrooms.他们睡在各自的卧室。◆Raw meat must be kept separate from cooked meat.生肉和熟肉必须分开存放。◆Write a list of names on a separate piece of paper.将名单写在另一张纸上。◆It happened on three separate occasions.这事在三个不同的场合发生过。◆For the past three years they have been leading totally separate lives.三年来，他们完全是各过各的生活。OPP joint , communal ⇨ common ▸ separately adverb ◆They were photographed separately and then as a group.他们先拍单人照，再拍合照。◆That matter will be considered separately from the main agenda.那件事将单独考虑，不列入主要议程。■ specific / /spəˈsɪfɪk/ / [usually before noun] connected with one particular thing or type of thing, especially one that is very well defined and different from others in important details （尤指因界定清楚、重要细节不同）特定的◆Each debate will focus on a specific political issue.每场辩论将聚焦一个特定的政治问题。◆The money was collected for a specific purpose.收取这笔钱是有特定用途的。▸ specifically adverb ◆a magazine aimed specifically at working women专门面向职业妇女的杂志NOTE 辨析 Particular or specific?A particular person, group or thing is that one and not a different one: John, not Mary; the French, not the Germans; that book, not this one. A specific group or thing is a particular one in all its details, not a general group or type of which this is one example: school children with learning difficulties, not school children in general; the issue of long-term unemployment in declining industrial centres, not the issue of unemployment in general. * particular指人、团体或事情是此非彼，如约翰，不是玛丽；法国人，不是德国人；那本书，不是这本书。specific指团体或事物是独特的，而不是普遍的，如学习上有困难的学生，不是一般的学生；衰落的工业区的长期失业问题，不是一般的失业问题。■ individual [only before noun] considered separately rather than as part of a group 单独的；个别的◆We interviewed each individual member of the community.我们采访了每个社区成员。◆The minister refused to comment on individual cases.部长拒绝对个别事件发表评论。 OPP collective ⇨ common see also individual ⇨ own ▸ individually adverb ◆individually wrapped chocolates独立包装的巧克力■ single [only before noun] used to emphasize that you are referring to one particular person or thing on its own （用于强调）一个的，单个的◆Unemployment is the single most important factor in the rising crime rates.失业是犯罪率日益上升最重要的一个因素。◆We eat rice every single day.我们天天吃米饭。▸ singly adverb ◆The stamps are available singly or in books of ten.邮票有单枚的，也有十枚一册的。■ respective / /rɪˈspektɪv/ / [only before noun] (usually used before a plural noun 通常用于复数名词前) (rather formal) belonging or relating separately to each of the people or things already mentioned 分别的；各自的◆They are each recognized as specialists in their respective fields.他们在各自的领域都被视为专家。▸ respectively adverb ◆Julie Wilson and Mark Thomas, aged 17 and 19 respectively朱莉•威尔逊和马克•托马斯，年龄分别是17岁和19岁■ distinct / /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ / clearly different or of a different kind 截然不同的；不同种类的◆The results of the survey fell into two distinct groups.调查结果分为截然不同的两种。◆Jamaican reggae music is quite distinct from North American jazz or blues.牙买加的雷盖音乐完全不同于北美的爵士乐或蓝调。◆We are talking about rural areas, as distinct from major cities.我们现在谈论的是乡村，与大城市截然不同。 |