| 例句 |
top adj.
⇨ toptop noun
⇨ lid (the top of my pen) ⇨ peak (the top of the range) ⇨ come out on top ⇨ win verb top adjective ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ main 另见main条top ♦︎ senior ♦︎ chief ♦︎ leading ♦︎ high ♦︎ first ♦︎ high-ranking ♦︎ premier ♦︎ foremost ♦︎ superior ♦︎ eliteThese words all describe sb/sth that is the highest in position, rank or degree. 这些词均表示最高级别的、一流的、顶尖的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a top / senior / chief / leading / high-ranking / superior officer◆a top / senior / chief / leading adviser / aide / economist / lawyer◆a top / senior / chief / high-ranking executive◆a top / senior / leading / high-ranking official◆a senior / leading / high-ranking figure / member◆the chief / leading / foremost exponent of sth◆the leading / foremost authority / expert on sth◆a top / senior grade / appointment / job◆the top / first / premier division / prize◆top / high grades / marks■ top [usually before noun] highest in position, rank or degree （位置、级别或程度）最高的◆He lives on the top floor.他住在顶层。◆She's one of the top players in the country.她是国内顶尖运动员之一。◆The car was travelling at top speed.那辆汽车全速行驶。◆This is top quality silk.这是最优质的丝绸。ⓘ Top can be used after a linking verb, but only in British English. * top可用于连系动词后，但仅在英式英语中有此用法◆ (BrE) He finished top in the exam.他考试得了第一名。◆They're top of the league.他们在联赛中位居榜首。 ▸ top noun [countable] ◆She was standing at the top of the stairs.她站在楼梯的顶端。◆Write your name at the top.把你的姓名写在上端。◆He's at the top of his profession.他正处于事业的巅峰。◆This decision came from the top (= the most important person in an organization).这一决定是由最高领导作出的。OPP bottom ⇨ bottom ■ senior high in rank or status; higher in rank or status than others 级别（或地位）高的◆She's a senior lecturer at the university.她是那所大学的高级讲师。◆I'm looking for a more senior position.我在寻找更高的职位。◆He is senior to me.他的职位比我高。OPP junior ⓘ A person in a junior position is low in rank or status, or lower than others. * junior指级别或地位低的◆junior employees初级员工◆She is junior to me.她的职位比我低。 ■ chief ( often 常作 Chief) [only before noun] highest in rank 最高级别的；为首的；首席的◆Who is the new Chief Education Officer?谁是新的首席教育官？◆The chief financial officer of the company paid us a visit.那家公司的财务总监访问了我们。◆Detective Chief Inspector Williams侦缉总督察威廉斯ⓘ Chief is mainly used in names of positions. * chief主要用于职务名称。■ leading [only before noun] most important or most successful 最重要的；一流的◆She was offered the leading role in the new TV series.她获邀在那部新的电视连续剧中扮演主角。◆He's a leading business analyst.他是顶尖的商业分析员。ⓘ Leading is often used in publicity for companies that produce products or provide services. * leading常用于生产产品或提供服务的公司的宣传材料中◆a leading brand / manufacturer / supplier领先的品牌／制造商／供应商 see also prominent ⇨ famous ■ high [usually before noun] near the top in rank or status 上层的；地位高的◆She has held high office under three prime ministers.她曾在三任首相手下任过要职。◆The case was referred to a higher court.案件被提交上级法院审理。◆He has friends in high places (= among people of power and influence).他有位高权重的朋友。ⓘ In this meaning high is used in a fairly limited range of collocations 表达此义时，high仅用于有限的几种搭配◆high status / rank / position / office高的地位／等级／职位／职务and in some more particular names of very important people and things. 另外也用于一些非常重要的人或机构的特定名称中◆a high court / magistrate / commissioner / priest高等法院；高级地方执法官／专员；祭司长 ■ first determiner most important or best 最重要的；首要的；最优秀的◆Your first duty is to your family.你首先要对家庭尽责。◆She won first prize in the competition.她在竞赛中获得头等奖。ⓘ When first means 'most important', typical collocates are duty, importance and consideration. When first means 'best in a competition', typical collocates are prize and place. 当first表示“最重要”时，常见搭配词有duty、importance和consideration。当first表示“在竞争中表现最佳”时，常见搭配词有prize和place。■ ˌhigh-ˈranking [usually before noun] high in rank or status; important 职位高的；显要的◆He's a high-ranking officer in the army.他是部队的高级军官。◆She's been offered a high-ranking post in the police force.她获得了警察机关中的高层职位。ⓘ High-ranking is often used to talk about positions in the areas of politics and the military. Typical collocates are (army/military) officer, bureaucrat, official, and (party) member. * high-ranking常指政治和军事领域的高级职位。常见搭配词有(army/military) officer、bureaucrat、official和(party) member。■ premier /ˈpremiə(r); NAmE prɪˈmɪr, prɪˈmjɪr/ [only before noun] (especially written or journalism 新闻) most important, famous or successful 首要的；最著名的；一流的；顶尖的◆The new Institute of Contemporary Art is one of Boston's premier attractions.新的当代美术馆是波士顿首屈一指的旅游景点。◆ (BrE, sport 体育) They've just moved up to the Premier League (= in football).他们刚刚晋级超级联赛。ⓘ Premier is often used in journalism and advertising to talk about popular and successful events or places, especially in relation to the country or place they can be found in. * premier常用于新闻和广告，谈论出名及成功的事件或地方，尤与举办国或发生地相关◆Scotland's premier resort / hotel / exhibition / tourist attraction苏格兰首屈一指的度假胜地／酒店／展览／旅游景点 ■ foremost /ˈfɔːməʊst; NAmE ˈfɔːrmoʊst/ (rather formal, especially written) most important, famous or successful; in a position at the front 最重要的；最著名的；一流的；最前的◆I'd like to introduce you to the world's foremost authority on the subject.我想向你介绍该学科全世界首屈一指的权威。◆The President was foremost among those who condemned the violence.总统带头谴责暴力行为。◆This question has been foremost in our minds recently.近来我们心目中一直认为这个问题最重要。NOTE 辨析 Premier or foremost? Premier is used more to describe places and events; foremost is used more to describe people. Foremost is a more formal word and suggests greater seriousness; premier suggests greater popularity. * premier多修饰地方和事件，foremost多修饰人。foremost比较正式，含意更为严肃；premier意味着更为人熟知◆the world's foremost authority on / expert on / exponent of sth某方面全世界最重要的权威／专家／倡导者◆Britain's premier chef英国名厨 ■ superior /suːˈpɪəriə(r), sjuːˈpɪəriə(r); NAmE suːˈpɪriər/ higher in rank or status （级别或地位）更高的◆I'll need to check with my superior officer.我需要和我的上级长官核实一下。ⓘ In this meaning, superior typically collocates with officer, status, position and power. 表达此义时superior通常与officer、status、position和power搭配。 OPP inferior ⓘ An inferior officer or position is lower in rank or status. * inferior指级别或地位较低的。NOTE 辨析 Senior or superior? Superior is used more than senior when there is a strong sense of status in a system or organization, for example in the army. In an everyday office or work situation it is more usual to talk about a senior colleague/manager/adviser/clerk/editor/designer/teacher. 在等级观念较强的系统或组织，如军队中，superior比senior更常用。在日常办公或工作场合中较常用senior，如a senior colleague/manager/adviser/clerk/editor/designer/teacher（资深同事；高级经理／顾问／文员／编辑／设计师／教师）。■ elite /eɪˈliːt, ɪˈliːt/ [only before noun] powerful, and having a lot of influence, because of wealth, ability, family or business connections 掌权的；上层的；社会精英的◆The secret was known only by an elite group of senior executives.那个秘密仅限于一批掌权的高级主管知晓。◆He was trained at an elite military academy.他曾在精英军事学院受训。ⓘ Elite is often used in texts relating to the army or education. * elite常用于与军队或教育有关的文字中◆elite troops / force / corps精锐部队◆an elite force / corps一支精锐部队◆an elite education / private school精英教育；英才私立学校 Elite is also often used to describe a group of people who share special knowedge or secrets. * elite亦常用来修饰拥有专业知识或知晓某些秘密的群体。 see also elite ⇨ elite noun , elitist ⇨ exclusive lid noun lid ♦︎ top ♦︎ cork ♦︎ cap ♦︎ plugThese are all words for a cover for a container. 这些词均表示容器的盖子、塞子。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a close-fitting / tight-fitting lid / top / cap◆a screw top / cap◆a pen lid / top◆to remove the lid / top / cork / cap / plug◆to put on / screw on / take off / unscrew the lid / top / cap◆to pull out the cork / plug■ lid [countable] a cover over a container that can be removed or opened by turning or lifting it （容器的）盖，盖子◆You'll need a jar with a tight-fitting lid.你需要准备一个有密封盖的广口瓶。◆He cautiously lifted the lid of the box.他小心地打开了箱子盖。◆Replace the saucepan lid and simmer for 10 minutes.把汤锅的盖子重新盖好，用文火炖10分钟。■ top [countable] a thing that you put over the end of sth such as a pen or bottle in order to close it 帽；盖；塞◆Where's the top of my pen gone?我的钢笔帽哪儿去了？◆The jar has a tight-fitting screw top.这个广口瓶有一个密封的螺旋盖。■ cork [countable] a small round object made of cork or plastic that is used for closing bottles, especially wine bottles （尤指酒瓶的）软木塞，塑料塞◆She pulled out the cork and poured a glass of wine.她拔出瓶塞，倒了一杯葡萄酒。■ cap [countable] (often in compounds 常构成复合词) a top for a pen or a protective cover for sth such as the lens of a camera （钢笔）帽；（照相机镜头等的）盖◆The safety cap should be completely waterproof.安全帽应该完全防水。◆a lens cap镜头盖■ plug [countable] a piece of material that you put into a hole in order to block it; a flat round rubber or plastic thing that you put into the hole of a sink in order to stop the water from flowing out 堵塞物；（洗涤池的）塞子◆We fixed the leak with a plug made from an old cloth.我们用旧布料弄成塞子堵住了漏洞。◆She pulled out the plug and let the water drain away.她拔起塞子放掉了水。 peak noun peak ♦︎ top ♦︎ height ♦︎ highlight ♦︎ climax ♦︎ high ♦︎ culmination ♦︎ prime ♦︎ heyday ♦︎ high pointThese are all words for the point when sb/sth is best, most successful, strongest, or at their highest level. 这些词均表示顶峰、高峰。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the peak / top / height / highlight / climax / culmination / prime / heyday / high point of sth◆a peak / high / high point of $40 a barrel◆at its peak / the top / its height / its climax / a high / its culmination / a high point◆in your / its prime / heyday◆a new peak / height / high / high point◆to reach its peak / the top / its height / its climax / a high / its culmination / a high point◆to represent the peak / climax / culmination / high point of sth◆to mark the climax / culmination / high point of sth◆to pass / be past its peak / prime / heyday■ peak [countable, usually singular] the point when sb/sth is at its best, most successful, strongest or highest level 顶峰；高峰◆She's at the peak of her career.她正处在事业的巅峰。◆Membership of the club has fallen from a peak of 600 people in 2005.俱乐部会员人数从2005年顶峰时期的600人下滑了。◆Economic life moves in cycles of peaks and troughs.经济活动起起伏伏，循环往复。◆Peak-rate phone calls cost more.高峰时段通话费用较高。◆You want your hair to look in peak condition.你希望让头发保持最佳状态。OPP trough ⇨ recession ▸ peak verb [intransitive] ◆North Sea oil production peaked in 1999.1999年，北海的石油产量达到了最高峰。◆Unemployment peaked at 17%.失业率达到了17%的最高点。■ top [singular] the highest or most important rank or position 最高的级别；最重要的职位◆He's at the top of his profession.他正处在事业的巅峰。◆She is determined to make it to the top (= to achieve the highest level of fame or success).她决心要出人头地。◆This decision came from the top.这个决定是由最高领导作出的。◆They finished the season at the top of the league.他们打完这个赛季之后积分高居联赛的榜首。◆We have a lot of things to do, but packing is at the top of the list.我们有许多事情要做，但首先是打点行装。◆This printer is a top of the range model (= the best it is possible to buy.) 这款打印机是最好的。 OPP bottom ⓘ The bottom is the lowest position in a class, on a list, etc., or the person, team, etc. that is in this position. * bottom表示班上、名单上的最末位，或指排名最后的人或队◆a battle between the teams at the bottom of the league联赛中表现最差的球队间的较量◆You have to be prepared to start at the bottom and work your way up.你得准备好从最底层做起。◆I was always bottom of the class in English.我的英语总是班里最差的。 ■ height [singular] the point when sth is at its best, most successful, strongest or highest level 顶峰；顶点；最强点◆She is still at the height of her powers.她仍然处于巅峰状态。◆The fire reached its height at around 2 a.m.大火在凌晨2点左右烧得最猛。◆I wouldn't go there in the height of summer.我不会在盛夏时节去那里的。ⓘ Heights [plural] are a better or greater level of success or happiness. * heights指更大的成功或幸福◆Their success had reached new heights.他们的成就已创新高。◆She dreamed of reaching the dizzy heights of stardom.她梦想达到超级巨星的地位。 NOTE 辨析 Peak or height? Peak is the more frequent and more general of these two words. A person can be at the peak/height of their career/powers but otherwise, height is not used to talk about a person. 这两个词中peak更常用，含义更广。表示一个人处于事业顶峰或巅峰状态可以说at the peak/height of their career/powers，但除此以外height不能用于人◆She seems to be reaching her peak after a great three-set victory over Henin-Hardenne.在3:0大胜了海宁之后，她似乎达到了运动生涯的巅峰。◆She seems to be reaching her height... You can talk about the peak/height of sth or sth being at a peak of a particular number or level but not a height of a number or level (although you can say a high of a number or level－see below). Peak is used in compounds or before other nouns ( peak hours/period/season/time/year/demand/rate/level/efficiency/performance/fitness/form/condition) but height is not. However, you cannot say ◆the peak of summer 表示某事的高峰或巅峰时，可以说the peak/height of sth；表示达到最高值或巅峰水平时可以说a peak of，但不说a height of（但是可以用a high of，见下面的分词条）。peak用于构成复合词，或用于其他名词前，如peak hours/period/season/time/year/demand/rate/level/efficiency/performance/fitness/form/condition（巅峰时段／时期／季节／时间／年／需求／费率／水平；最佳效率／表现／身体状态／竞技状态／状况），而height不可以这样用。但不说the peak of summer。 ■ highlight [countable] the best, most interesting or most exciting part of sth 最好（或最精彩、最激动人心）的部分◆One of the highlights of the trip was seeing the Taj Mahal.这次旅游中最精彩的一件事是参观泰姬陵。◆The highlights of the game will be shown later this evening.比赛的精华片段将于今晚稍后播出。■ climax / /ˈklaɪmæks/ / [countable] the most exciting or important event or point in time, that usually happens near the end of a period or after some time; the most exciting part of a story, film or piece of music, that usually happens near the end （事情的）高潮，顶点；（故事、电影或音乐通常接近结尾时出现的）高潮◆The team's 3-1 victory in the final provided a fitting climax to a great season.该队在决赛中3:1获胜恰如其分地将这一重要赛季推向高潮。◆The story builds up to a powerful climax with the murder of Nancy by her lover Bill Sikes.南希被她的情人比尔•塞克斯杀死，至此故事达到了令人震撼的高潮。OPP anticlimax ⇨ disappointment ▸ climax verb [intransitive] ◆ (rather informal) The festival will climax on Sunday with a gala concert.星期天的音乐盛会将会把这次会演推向高潮。ⓘ In American English climax can also be used with an object. 在美式英语中，climax还可带宾语 [transitive] ◆ (NAmE) The sensational verdict climaxed a six-month trial.这一引起轰动的判决把持续六个月的审判推向高潮。 ■ high [countable] (business 商业 or journalism 新闻) the highest level or number, especially of prices, sales, etc.; the highest temperature reached during a particular day, week, etc. 最高水平；最大数量；（某天、某星期等的）最高温度◆Profits reached an all-time high last year.去年的利润空前地高。◆Oil prices hit a high of $70 a barrel yesterday.昨天油价达到了每桶70美元的高位。◆Highs today will be in the region of 25°C.今天的最高气温将为25摄氏度左右。 OPP low ⓘ The opposite is low. * high的反义词是low◆The dollar has fallen to an all-time low against the pound.美元兑英镑已经跌到空前的低点。◆The government's popularity has hit a new low.政府的声望已经降到了一个新低。 ■ culmination / /ˌkʌlmɪˈneɪʃn/ / [singular] (rather formal, especially written) the highest point or end of sth, usually happening after a long time （通常发生在很长一段时间之后的）顶点，高潮，终点◆The reforms marked the successful culmination of a long campaign.这些改革标志着一场长期运动的胜利结束。▸ culminate verb [intransitive] ◆Months of hard work culminated in success.几个月的艰辛工作终于取得了成功。■ prime [singular] the time in your life when you are strongest, most active or most successful 盛年；年富力强的时期；鼎盛时期◆She was then a great artist in her prime.那个时候，她是个了不起的艺术家，正处于鼎盛时期。◆He was barely 30 and in the prime of (his) life when he had the accident.发生意外的时候，他还不满30岁，风华正茂。■ heyday / /ˈheɪdeɪ/ / [countable, usually singular] the time when sb/sth had most power or success, or was most popular 最为强大（或成功、繁荣）的时期◆In its heyday in the 1820s, 80 horse-drawn coaches passed through the town each day.19世纪20年代是这个小镇的鼎盛时期，每天都有80辆马车经过。◆This is a fine film from the heyday of Italian cinema.这是意大利电影业鼎盛时期拍摄的一部佳片。■ ˈhigh point [countable] the point when sth is most interesting, enjoyable or successful or at its highest level 最有意思（或最令人愉快、最成功、最高水平）的时候◆It was the high point of the evening.那是晚会最精彩的部分。◆From a high point of nearly 140 000 in the 1950s, the workforce had fallen to 74 000 by 1984.劳动人口从20世纪50年代近14万人的最高点，减少到了1984年的7.4万人。ⓘ High point usually has a positive meaning. * high point通常有正面的含义◆The violence reached its peak / height in the summer of that year.那年夏季暴力事件达到了一个高峰。◆The violence reached a high point in the summer of that year. OPP low point win verb ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ defeat 另见defeat条win ♦︎ prevail ♦︎ win out ♦︎ triumph ♦︎ win the day ♦︎ come out on topThese words all mean to be successful against sb or in spite of difficulties. 这些词均表示获胜、战胜。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to win / prevail / win the day against sb◆to prevail / win out / triumph over sb / sth◆to win / prevail / win out / triumph in the end◆to eventually / ultimately win / prevail / triumph / win the day / come out on top◆to finally win / prevail / win out / triumph / win the day■ win (winning, won, won) [intransitive, transitive] to be the most successful in a competition, race, election, argument, battle or war 获胜；赢◆Which team won?哪个队赢了？◆France won by six goals to two against Denmark.法国队6:2战胜了丹麦队。◆He always won at cards.他玩纸牌总能赢。◆He narrowly won (= by a small margin) the seat for Labour.他以微弱多数为工党赢得了席位。◆I think I won the argument.我认为这场辩论是我赢了。◆Historians still argue about who really won the war of 1812.历史学家仍在争论究竟是谁赢了1812年的那场战争。OPP lose ⇨ lose see also win ⇨ victory noun ■ prevail / /prɪˈveɪl/ / [intransitive] (formal) (of ideas or opinions) to be accepted, especially after a struggle or argument （想法或观点在争论或辩论后）被接受，压倒◆Justice will prevail over tyranny.正义必将战胜暴虐。◆Fortunately, common sense prevailed.幸而理智占了上风。ⓘ Prevail can also mean to defeat an opponent in sport. * prevail还可以指在运动中战胜对手。 see also prevail ⇨ defeat ■ ˌwin ˈout phrasal verb (winning, won, won) (rather informal) to be successful in spite of difficulties （克服困难）终获成功◆It remains to be seen whether the archaeologists will win out over the planners in this dispute.在这场争论中考古学家能否胜过城市规划人员，还需拭目以待。◆Economic efficiency will always win out in the end.最终永远是经济效率说了算。■ triumph / /ˈtraɪʌmf/ / [intransitive] (written) to defeat sb/sth; to be successful, especially in spite of difficulties 打败对手；战胜；成功◆Italy triumphed 3-0 in the quarter-finals.意大利队在四分之一决赛中3:0获胜。◆As usual in this kind of movie, good triumphs over evil in the end.像这类影片惯常的情节一样，最终善良战胜了邪恶。■ win the ˈday idiom (winning, won, won) (written, especially journalism 尤用于新闻) to be successful against sb/sth, especially at the end of an argument or difficult situation （尤指争论或困境中最终）得胜，占上风，取得成功◆Consumer pressure has finally won the day and forced a change in the law.来自消费者的压力最终占了上风，迫使法律条文作出了修改。■ come out on ˈtop idiom (came, come) (rather informal) to be successful against sb in a contest or argument （在竞赛或争论中）获胜，取得成功◆The older child, stronger and more experienced, is bound to come out on top.那个年纪较大的孩子身体更结实、经验更丰富，肯定能获胜。 |