| 例句 |
variation noun
⇨ change 1 (slight variations in pressure) ⇨ difference (variation in tastes across the country)change1 noun a change in the weather 天气的变化make changes to sth 改变某事change ♦︎ shift ♦︎ variation ♦︎ swing ♦︎ fluctuation ♦︎ variability ♦︎ alternationThese are all words for the act of becoming different, especially frequently. 这些词均表示改变、变化，尤指多变。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a change / a shift / a variation / a swing / a fluctuation / variability / an alternation in sth◆a shift / a variation / a fluctuation / an alternation between A and B◆a shift / swing towards sth◆(a) considerable change / shift / variation / fluctuation / variability◆a big / dramatic / massive change / shift / variation / swing◆(a) small change / shift / variation / swing / fluctuations◆(a) rapid change / shift / fluctuation / alternation◆(a) random change / variation / fluctuation / alternation◆(a) seasonal change / variation / fluctuation◆to cause a change / a shift / a variation / a swing / fluctuations / variability◆to produce a change / a shift / a variation / a swing / fluctuations◆to show a change / a shift / a variation / a swing / fluctuation / an alternation / variability◆a change / a shift / a variation / a swing / fluctuation occurs■ change [countable, uncountable] the result of sth becoming different 改变；变化；变更◆We're hoping for a change in the weather.我们希望天气有所变化。◆There was no change in the patient's condition overnight.病人的病情整夜未变。◆She is someone who hates change.她是厌恶改变的人。◆How far does war bring about social change?战争带来的社会变动有多大？ⓘ A change [singular] is the fact of a situation, place or experience being different from what is usual and therefore likely to be interesting or enjoyable. 用作单数形式的a change指令人感兴趣或可喜的变化、变更◆Let's stay in tonight for a change.咱们今晚换换口味，就待在家里吧。◆It makes a change to read some good news for once.破例读到点好消息，真让人高兴。 ■ shift [countable] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) a change in position or direction （位置或方向的）改变，转变◆These results mark a dramatic shift in public opinion.这些结果表明公众舆论发生了急剧变化。◆There was a gradual shift in the population away from the countryside to the towns.人口逐渐从农村向城镇转移。◆I detected a subtle shift towards our point of view.我察觉到转向我方观点的微妙变化。◆These climate shifts occurred over less than a decade.发生这些气候变化不超过十年。■ variation [countable, uncountable] frequent change in the amount, quality or level of sth （数量、质量或水平上频繁的）变化，变更，变动◆The dial records very slight variations in pressure.这个刻度盘能显示很微小的压力变化。◆Currency exchange rates are always subject to variation.货币汇率总在波动。◆We need to take seasonal variation into account (= depending on the time of year).我们需要考虑季节性波动。 see also variation ⇨ difference ■ swing [countable] a change from one opinion or situation to another; the amount by which sth changes （观点或情况的）改变；改变的程度◆He is liable to abrupt mood swings (= for example from being very happy to being very sad).他的情绪容易大起大落。◆Voting showed a 10% swing to Labour.投票显示10%的人转而支持工党。◆There are indications of a swing towards nuclear power.有迹象表明人们转而支持核能。ⓘ Swing is used especially to talk about political, social and cultural changes, as well as mood swings or swings of mood. * swing尤指政治、社会和文化方面的变化，“情绪变化”用mood swings或swings of mood。■ fluctuation / /ˌflʌktʃuˈeɪʃn/ / [countable, uncountable] (rather formal) frequent change in the size, amount, level or quality of sth, especially from one extreme to another （大小、数量、水平或质量上频繁剧烈的）波动◆The situation led to wild fluctuations in interest rates.这种情况导致了利率的大幅波动。◆Recent ice-cap surveys reveal climatic fluctuation.近期对冰冠进行的考察揭示了气候的波动。■ variability /ˌveəriəˈbɪləti; NAmE ˌveriəˈbɪləti, ˌværiəˈbɪləti/ [uncountable] (written) the fact of sth being likely to vary 可变性；易变性；反复不定◆The changes were attributed to natural climatic variability.这些变更是自然气候多变造成的。◆There is always a degree of variability in the exchange rate.汇率总是有一定幅度的变化。 see also variable ⇨ variable ■ alternation /ˌɔːltəˈneɪʃn; NAmE ˌɔːltərˈneɪʃn/ [uncountable, countable] (rather formal) a repeated change between different situations, feelings, types of behaviour or ideas （情况、情绪、行为或想法上重复性的）改变，变化◆the alternation of day and night昼夜交替◆Such rapid alternations of mood are a feature of her writing.如此快速的情绪变化是她文字作品的一个特征。ⓘ Alternations involve changing from one situation to another, and then back to the first situation again. * alternation指周而复始的变化。 difference noun difference ♦︎ contrast ♦︎ distinction ♦︎ variation ♦︎ imbalance ♦︎ variance ♦︎ disparity ♦︎ divergenceThese are all words for the way in which people or things are not like each other. 这些词均表示差别、不同之处。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a difference / a contrast / a distinction / a variation / an imbalance / a variance / a disparity / a divergence between A and B◆a difference / a contrast / a variation / an imbalance / a variance / a disparity / a divergence in sth◆a huge difference / contrast / variation / imbalance / disparity◆a considerable difference / contrast / variation / imbalance / variance / disparity / divergence◆a major / fundamental difference / contrast / distinction / variation / imbalance◆a clear difference / contrast / distinction / variation / disparity◆a slight difference / variation / variance / divergence◆a regional / gender difference / variation / imbalance◆to show a difference / a contrast / a distinction / a variation / an imbalance / a variance / a disparity / a divergence◆to see / be aware of / look at a difference / contrast / distinction / variation◆to highlight a difference / contrast / distinction / variation / disparity◆to explain a difference / a distinction / a variation / an imbalance / a variance / a disparity / a divergence◆to cause a difference / a variation / an imbalance / a divergence◆to make a difference / contrast / distinction■ difference [countable, uncountable] the way in which two people or things are not like each other; the way in which sb/sth has changed 差别；差异；变化（之处）◆There are no significant differences between the education systems of the two countries.这两国的教育制度没有重大差别。◆She noticed a marked difference in the children on her second visit.第二次来访时她注意到了孩子们明显的变化。◆What a difference! You look great with your hair like that.真是判若两人！你梳这种发型真是太好看了。◆I can never tell the difference (= distinguish) between the twins.我从来都分不清这对双胞胎谁是谁。OPP similarity ⇨ similarity ■ contrast [countable, uncountable] a difference between two or more people or things that you can see clearly when they are compared or put close together; the fact of comparing two or more things in order to show the differences between them 明显的差异；对比；对照◆There is an obvious contrast between the cultures of East and West.东西方文化之间存在着明显的差异。◆A wool jacket with silk trousers provides an interesting contrast in texture.毛料上衣配真丝长裤，质地上的差异相映成趣。◆The company lost $7 million this quarter in contrast to a profit of $6.2 million a year earlier.该公司本季度亏损了700万元，与去年同期的620万元盈利形成了对比。◆The poverty of her childhood stands in total contrast to her life in Hollywood.她童年时的贫困处境与她在好莱坞的生活有着天壤之别。◆When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast.看看他们的新系统，我们的系统就显得非常陈旧过时了。 see also contrast ⇨ compare 1 , contrast ⇨ conflict verb ■ distinction [countable] (rather formal) a clear difference between two or more people or things that are similar or related 显著区别；显著差异◆Philosophers did not make a distinction between arts and science.哲学家过去没有把艺术和科学截然分开。◆She tends to blur the distinctions between family and friends.她往往把家人和朋友混淆起来。ⓘ In this meaning, distinction is often used in the phrase make/draw a distinction between A and B, to talk about a difference that people see when they carefully examine things that might at first seem very similar. 表达此义时，distinction常用在短语make/draw a distinction between A and B中，表示经仔细观察而发现乍看起来非常相似的事物之间的差别◆We need to draw a distinction between democratic socialism and social democracy.我们需要把民主社会主义与社会民主主义区别开来。 see also distinguish ⇨ distinguish 1 2 ■ variation [countable, uncountable] the way in which people or things are not like each other 变异；差异；差别◆There may be striking variations within a species.同一个物种可能存在着差异甚大的变种。◆regional variations in voting patterns不同地区在投票方式上的差别◆There is considerable variation in tastes across the country.全国各地的人口味大不相同。◆There is little variation by sex or social class in these attitudes.不论性别或社会阶层，人们大多采取这些态度。ⓘ Variation is usually used to talk about differences that are apparent between groups of people or things, especially in different places, regions and cultures. * variation通常用来指不同地方、区域或文化的人或事物间的显著差别◆local / regional / geographical / environmental / climatic / cultural / ethnic variation地方／区域／地理／环境／气候／文化／种族差异 see also variation ⇨ change noun 1 ■ imbalance / /ɪmˈbæləns/ / [countable, uncountable] (rather formal or technical 术语) a situation in which two or more things are not the same size or are treated differently, in a way that is unfair or causes problems 失衡；不平衡；不公平◆a global imbalance of / in power全球性权力失衡◆Attempts are being made to redress (= put right) the imbalance between our import and export figures.我们正努力纠正进出口的不平衡。◆Postnatal depression is usually due to hormonal imbalance.产后抑郁症通常是荷尔蒙失调引起的。 OPP balance ⓘ A balance is a situation in which different things exist in equal, correct or good amounts. * balance指不同事物并存时平衡、均衡的状态◆Try to keep a balance between work and relaxation.尽量保持工作与休闲均衡。◆This newspaper maintains a good balance in its presentation of different opinions.这份报纸一贯坚持报道不同的意见，不偏不倚。 ■ variance / /ˈveəriəns; NAmE ˈveriəns, ˈværiəns/ [uncountable, countable] (formal) the amount by which sth changes or is different from sth else 变化幅度；差额◆There is considerable variance in pay across the company.公司上下的薪水差别幅度相当大。◆a note with subtle variances of pitch音高有细微变化的音符■ disparity /dɪˈspærəti/ / [uncountable, countable] (formal) a difference, especially one connected with an unfair situation or unfair treatment （尤指不公正所引起的）不同，差别，差异◆The wide disparity between rich and poor was highlighted.特别强调了贫富差距悬殊的问题。◆There are growing regional disparities in economic prosperity.在经济繁荣方面，区域差别越来越大。■ divergence /daɪˈvɜːdʒəns; NAmE daɪˈvɜːrdʒəns/ [countable, uncountable] (formal) the amount by which sth is different from sth else 差异；分歧◆There is a wide divergence of opinion within the group.群体内部存在着严重的意见分歧。NOTE 辨析 Variance or divergence? Variance is used especially in technical contexts, for example when analysing figures; divergence is used especially to talk about the opinions or views of groups of people. * variance尤用于专业语境，如数字分析；divergence尤与opinion和view搭配，指群体间的意见分歧◆considerable divergence in pay ◆a wide variance of opinion |