| 例句 |
force noun
⇨ force (use excessive force) ⇨ army (Allied forces) ⇨ control (have the force of law) ⇨ effect (the force of her argument) ⇨ impact (the force of the blow) ⇨ influence (a force for change) ⇨ pressure 2 (the use of force) ⇨ in force ⇨ active adj.force verb
⇨ force (be forced to resign) ⇨ push 1 (force a door open)force noun force ♦︎ strength ♦︎ power ♦︎ mightThese are all words for the quality of being physically strong, or the use of physical strength. 这些词均表示力、力气、力量。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆physical force / strength / power◆brute force / strength◆to use force / your strength / your power / your might■ force [uncountable] physical strength used in violent action; violent physical action used to obtain or achieve sth 武力；暴力◆We had to resort to force to get the door open.我们不得不强行把门打开。◆The police were accused of using excessive force.警方被指滥用暴力。◆The rioters were taken away by force.聚众闹事者被强行带走。◆ (disapproving) We achieve much more by persuasion than by brute force.我们通过说服会比使用暴力更有成效。 see also force ⇨ push verb 1 ■ strength [uncountable] muscle power; the health and fitness needed to do physical work or actions 力气；体力；力量◆His superior physical strength won him the title.他夺冠靠的是超群的体力。◆It may take a few weeks for you to build up your strength again.你可能需要几个星期才能恢复体力。◆She didn't have the strength to walk any further.她再也走不动了。 see also strong ⇨ strong 1 , strong ⇨ well , strengthen ⇨ strengthen , energy ⇨ energy 2 ■ power [uncountable] physical strength used in action; physical strength that sb possesses and might use 体力；力量◆He hit the ball with as much power as he could.他使出全力击球。◆the sheer physical power of the man那男子惊人的体力 see also powerful ⇨ strong 1 ■ might (formal or literary) great strength, energy or power 强大力量；威力◆America's military might美国的军事力量◆He pushed against the rock with all his might.他用尽全力推那块石头。 army noun army ♦︎ force ♦︎ unit ♦︎ contingent ♦︎ legionThese are all words for an organized group of soldiers. 这些词均表示军队、部队。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆(a / the) British / French, etc. army / forces / unit◆(a / an) enemy / rebel army / forces / units◆(a) military forces / unit / contingent◆to deploy an army / a force / a unit / a contingent◆to command / be in command of an army / a force / a unit / a contingent◆an army / a force / a legion invades a place◆an army / a force / a unit / a legion advances / retreats◆an army / a force / a unit / a contingent / a legion withdraws / is withdrawn■ army [countable + singular or plural verb] a large organized group of soldiers who are trained to fight on land 陆军；陆军部队◆The two opposing armies faced each other across the battlefield.敌对两军在战场上对峙。ⓘ The army [singular + singular or plural verb] is the part of a country's armed forces that fights on land. * the army指一国的陆军◆Her husband is in the army.她的丈夫在陆军服役。◆After leaving school, Mike went into the army.毕业后迈克参加了陆军。◆He's an army officer.他是陆军军官。 ■ force [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of people who have been trained to protect or attack other people, usually by using weapons 部队；武装部队◆A peace-keeping force was deployed to the area.一支维和部队部署在这个地区。◆The country now has its own army, air force and navy.该国现在有自己的陆军、空军和海军。◆A UN-led task force of 28 000 troops was sent to the area.一支联合国领导的28 000人特遣部队被派到该地区。ⓘ Forces [plural] are the weapons and soldiers that an army has, considered as things that may be used. * forces指武装力量，包括士兵和武器◆The government is negotiating cuts to nuclear forces.政府正在协商缩减核部队。 The armed forces [plural](or just the forces in British English) are the army, navy and air force. * the armed forces指海陆空三军，英式英语中也用the forces。 ■ unit [countable] a group of people who work or live together, especially a group of soldiers who form a part of an army （尤指军队中的）班组，小队◆The army is collaborating with guerrilla units in the border region.陆军正与边界地区的游击队合作。◆Medical units were operating in the disaster area.医疗小组正在灾区工作。 see also unit ⇨ department , detachment ⇨ team 1 ■ contingent / /kənˈtɪndʒənt/ / [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of soldiers that are part of a larger force （军队的）分遣队，小分队◆The French contingent in the UN peacekeeping force withdrew.联合国维和部队的法国分队撤离了。■ legion / /ˈliːdʒən/ / [countable, singular + singular or plural verb] a large group of soldiers that forms part of an army, especially the one that existed in ancient Rome （尤指古罗马的）军团◆A Roman Legion consisted of 6 000 men.一个古罗马军团由6 000名士兵组成。 control noun control ♦︎ power ♦︎ rule ♦︎ authority ♦︎ jurisdiction ♦︎ discipline ♦︎ command ♦︎ hold ♦︎ grasp ♦︎ forceThese are all words for the ability that a person or group has to control sb/sth else. 这些词均表示控制力、操纵力。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆control / power / rule / authority / jurisdiction / command / a hold over sb / sth◆a hold / grasp on sb / sth◆to be in control / power / authority / command / force◆to be under sb's control / rule / authority / jurisdiction / command◆to be beyond / outside the control / power / authority / jurisdiction of sb◆the power / authority / jurisdiction to do sth◆absolute / complete control / power / authority / command◆direct control / rule / authority / command◆to have control / power / authority / jurisdiction / command / a hold over sb / force◆to exercise control / power / authority / jurisdiction◆to take control / power / command◆to assume control / power / authority / command◆to give sb control / power / authority / jurisdiction / command / a hold over sb◆to delegate power / authority / command (to sb)◆to lose control / power / authority / command / your hold on sth◆to relinquish control / power / command / your hold on sth■ control [uncountable] the power to make decisions about how a country, an area, an organization or sb's life is run; the ability to make sb/sth do what you want （对国家、地区、机构或人的）管理权，控制权，支配权；控制（或操纵）能力◆The party is expecting to gain control of the council in the next election.该党期待着下次选举能获得对地方议会的控制权。◆The aim is to give people more control over their own lives.目的是让人能对自己的生活有更多的自主权。◆The city is under enemy control.那座城市在敌人控制之下。◆The teacher had no control over the children.那个老师管不住学生。◆She struggled to keep control of her voice.她竭力控制住自己的声音。◆She lost control of her car on the ice.她在冰上开车失去了控制。◆Owing to circumstances beyond our control the flight to Rome has been cancelled.由于出现了无法控制的情况，飞往罗马的航班已经取消。 see also self-control ⇨ restraint , controlled ⇨ disciplined ■ power [uncountable] the ability to control people or things; political control of a country or area 控制力；影响力；统治；政权◆He has the power to make life very difficult for us.他权力很大，可以把我们整得狼狈不堪。◆The Emperor had absolute power over all his subjects.皇帝对所有的臣民拥有绝对权力。◆She was determined to go through with her plan, now that she had him in her power (= was able to do what she liked with him).既然可以摆布他，她决定把她的计划实施到底。◆The party came to power at the last election.该党在上次选举中当选执政。◆He seized power in a military coup.他在一次军事政变中夺了权。◆It was the beginning of a power struggle between rival factions within the party.这是该党内部对立派系间权力斗争的开始。◆The war brought about a shift in the balance of power.那场战争使势力的均衡发生了转变。 see also office ⇨ role ■ rule [uncountable] the government of a country or area by a particular person, group or political system （特定的人、团体或政治体系对国家或地区的）统治，管理◆There was a gradual process of returning the country to civilian rule.将那个国家恢复到文官统治经历了一个渐进的过程。◆The country remained under direct rule by the occupying powers.那个国家仍在占领势力的直接统治下。ⓘ Rule often refers to control by an outside country or group, by a political system which allows little freedom, or sth which contrasts with this. * rule常指外国或外部集团的控制，以及专制或非专制政体的统治◆colonial / British / Ottoman rule殖民地的／英国的／奥斯曼的统治◆Fascist / military rule法西斯主义／军事统治◆a return to civilian / democratic / majority rule回到文官／民主／多数派统治 see also rule ⇨ rule verb 1 ■ authority [uncountable] the power to give orders to people 权力；威权；当权◆She now has authority over the people who used to be her bosses.她现在管辖着曾是她上司的那些人。◆Nothing will be done because no one in authority (= who has the power to do sth) takes the matter seriously.什么也办不了，因为掌权的谁也不认真对待这个问题。■ jurisdiction /ˌdʒʊərɪsˈdɪkʃn; NAmE ˌdʒʊrɪsˈdɪkʃn/ [uncountable, countable] (formal) the power that an official organization has to make legal decisions about sb/sth 司法权；审判权；管辖权◆These matters do not fall within our jurisdiction.这些事情不归我们管辖。◆The agreement doesn't come under the jurisdiction of the EU courts.该协议不归欧盟法院管辖。■ discipline [uncountable] the practice of training people to obey rules and orders and punishing them if they do not; the controlled behaviour or situation that results from this training 守纪训练；训导；纪律；风纪◆The school has a reputation for high standards of discipline.这所学校以纪律严明著称。◆Strict discipline is imposed on army recruits.新兵受到严格的纪律训练。◆She keeps good discipline in class.她严格执行课堂纪律。 see also discipline ⇨ punish verb , disciplined ⇨ disciplined , self-discipline ⇨ restraint ■ command [uncountable] the power to give orders to a group of people, especially in the armed forces or police （尤指对军队或警察的）控制，管辖，指挥◆He has 1 200 men under his command.他掌管着1 200人。◆Who's in command here?这里谁主事？◆The police arrived and took command of the situation.警方到达后控制了局势。 see also command ⇨ order verb 1 , command ⇨ run 2 ■ hold [singular] influence or control over a person or situation （对人或局势的）影响，控制◆What she knew about his past gave her a hold over him.她知道他的过去，所以能够控制他。◆Enemy forces have consolidated their hold on the northern province.敌军已经巩固了他们对北部省份的控制。■ grasp [singular] (rather informal) control over a situation, especially when it is hard to hold on to （尤指对难以控制的局势的）掌控◆The company continues to maintain its grasp on the business computer market.那家公司继续维持着对商用电脑市场的控制。◆Don't let the situation escape from your grasp.别让局面失控。NOTE 辨析 Hold or grasp?In this meaning, a hold is stronger than a grasp. You have, strengthen or consolidate a hold. A grasp has to be maintained or things may slip or escape from it. 表达此义时，hold语气比grasp强。hold可以作have、strengthen或consolidate的宾语。grasp则可以作maintain、slip或escape from的宾语。■ force [uncountable] the authority of a law or rule （法律或规定的）权力，效力◆These guidelines do not have the force of law.这些指导原则不具有法律效力。◆The court ruled that these standards have force in British law.法院裁定，这些标准在英国法律中具有效力。 effect noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ result 另见result条effect ♦︎ impact ♦︎ influence ♦︎ power ♦︎ force ♦︎ impression ♦︎ actionThese are all words for the changes in sb/sth that are caused by sb/sth else. 这些词均表示效应、影响。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an effect / impact / influence / impression on / upon sb / sth◆under the effect / impact / influence of sth / sb◆(a) considerable / tremendous / great effect / impact / influence / power / force / impression◆a profound / significant / strong / big / positive / lasting effect / impact / influence / impression◆a / an cultural / economic / political / social effect / impact / influence◆to have an effect / impact / influence◆to make an impact / impression◆to feel the effect / impact of sth■ effect [countable, uncountable] a change in sb/sth that is caused by sb/sth else 效应；影响◆Despite her ordeal, she seems to have suffered no ill effects.尽管她备受折磨，但好像并未受到不良影响。◆Her criticisms had the effect of discouraging him completely.她的批评使他完全丧失了信心。◆It's not always easy to distinguish between cause and effect.分清因果并非总是那么简单。◆The management changes had little or no effect on output.管理层的变化对产量影响不大。 see also affect ⇨ affect verb ■ impact / /ˈɪmpækt/ / [countable, usually singular, uncountable] the powerful effect that sth has on sb/sth 巨大影响；强大作用◆Her speech made a profound impact on everyone.她的讲话对每个人都有深远影响。◆The programme examined the environmental impact of power generation.该项目考察了发电对环境的影响。◆We are trying to minimize the impact of price rises on customers.我们力求将涨价带给顾客的影响减到最低。 see also impact ⇨ affect verb ■ influence [uncountable, countable] the effect that sb/sth has on the way a person thinks or behaves, or on the way that sth works or develops （对思想、行为或事物发展变化的）影响，作用◆Children around the age of eight are especially vulnerable to the influence of television.八岁左右的儿童尤其容易受到电视的影响。◆The artists exerted a strong influence on a younger generation.这些艺术家对年轻一代产生了重大影响。◆They said she was a bad influence on the other children.他们称她对其他孩子产生坏影响。 see also influence ⇨ affect verb ■ power [uncountable] the influence of a particular thing or group within society （社会内部的）影响力，势力◆He talked about the enormous power of the mass media.他谈到了大众媒体的强大影响力。◆The government promised greater opportunities for parent power.政府允诺给予父母更多的施展影响力的机会。■ force [uncountable] the strong effect of sb's arguments or personality （论点或人格的）强大效力◆She spoke with force and deliberation.她讲话铿锵有力，字斟句酌。◆He felt the full force of her criticism.他感受到了她的批评所产生的强大威力。◆He controlled himself by sheer force of will.他全凭意志力控制住了自己。■ impression [countable, usually singular] the effect that an experience or person has on sb/sth, especially on the way that sb thinks or behaves in the future （尤指某种经历或某个人对思想或行为产生的）影响，效果◆The stillness and silence leave a deep impression on visitors.那一刻的静止无声给来访者留下了深刻的印象。◆You'll have to play better than that if you really want to make an impression (= to make people admire and remember you).你如果真想留下好印象，就得表演得更好。◆My words made no impression on her.我的话丝毫没有对她起作用。 see also impress ⇨ impress , impressive ⇨ impressive ■ action [uncountable] (always followed by of 总是后接of) the effect that one substance or chemical has on another （一种物质或化学品对另一种所起的）作用◆Vitamin D can be made in the body by the action of sunlight on the skin.维生素D可以通过阳光对皮肤的作用在人体内产生。 see also act ⇨ affect verb impact noun impact ♦︎ force ♦︎ shockThese are all words for the strength and effect of a blow, crash or explosion. 这些词均表示撞击、震荡、冲击力。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆the impact / force of the blow / crash◆the force / shock of the impact / explosion◆the full impact / force of sth◆to feel the impact / force / shock of sth◆to take the impact / force of sth◆to absorb the impact / shock■ impact [countable, usually singular, uncountable] the act of one object hitting another; the strength with which this happens 撞击；冲撞；冲击力◆craters made by meteorite impacts陨石撞击形成的陨石坑◆The impact of the blow knocked Jack off balance.这一记重击把杰克打了个趔趄。◆The bomb explodes on impact (= when it hits sth).炸弹受到撞击就爆炸。■ force [uncountable] the physical strength of sth that is shown as it hits sth else 力；力量◆The force of the blast hurled bodies into the air.爆炸的冲击力把尸体抛向空中。◆She hits the ball with amazing force for someone so small.对像她个子这么小的人来说，她击球的力量可谓惊人。■ shock [countable, uncountable] a violent shaking movement that is caused by an explosion, earthquake or impact （由爆炸、地震或撞击引起的）剧烈震动，强烈冲击◆The shock of the explosion could be felt up to six miles away.爆炸冲击力在6英里之外都能感觉到。◆The bumper absorbs shock on impact.遇到撞击时保险杠能减轻冲击。 influence noun influence ♦︎ force ♦︎ example ♦︎ leadThese are all words for a person or action that other people copy or that affects the way a person behaves or thinks. 这些词均表示被他人效仿或对他人产生影响的人或行为。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an influence / example for sb◆an influence / a force for sth◆a great influence / force / example◆a bad influence / example◆a decisive / positive / strong influence / force / lead◆a moral influence / force / lead◆to follow sb's example / lead■ influence [countable] a person or thing that affects the way sb behaves or thinks 有影响的人（或事物）◆She was by far the biggest influence on my writing.她是对我的写作影响最大的人。◆Those friends are a bad influence on her.那些朋友对她有坏影响。◆Who were your early influences?哪些人对你早年有影响？◆There seem to be several influences at work in his paintings.他的画似乎受几种风格的影响。■ force [countable] a person or thing that has a lot of power to affect what happens or the way people behave or think 影响大的人（或事物）◆The expansion of higher education was a powerful force for change.高等教育的扩张对变革是一股强大的推动力。◆Many social and economic forces contributed to this trend.多种社会和经济力量促成了这一趋势。◆They see the world as a battleground between the forces of good and evil.他们把世界看成善恶两种力量交锋的战场。◆Ron is the driving force (= the person who has the most influence) behind the project.罗恩是这个项目的主心骨。■ example [countable, usually singular] a person's behaviour, either good or bad, that other people copy 样板；榜样◆You're setting a bad example to the children.你在给孩子树立一个坏榜样。◆It would be a mistake to follow his example.仿效他的做法是错误的。 see also example ⇨ example 2 ■ lead / /liːd/ / [singular] an example or action for people to copy 实例；范例；榜样◆If one bank raises interest rates, others will follow their lead.要是有一家银行提高利率，其他银行就会效法。◆Intellectuals took the lead in criticism of the government.知识分子带头批评政府。◆You go first, I'll take my lead from you.你领头，我来照做。 pressure2 noun the pressures of work 工作压力the pressure to conform 守规矩的要求pressure ♦︎ force ♦︎ coercion ♦︎ compulsionThese are all words for the act of trying to make sb do sth, sometimes using threats or violence. 这些词均表示强迫、胁迫。SYNONYM SCALE 词义标尺 下图显示这些词所表达强迫的程度| pressure | ➔ | coercion | ➔ | force | | | compulsion | | |
PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆pressure / compulsion on sb◆under pressure / coercion / compulsion◆by force / coercion / compulsion◆pressure / compulsion to do sth◆physical pressure / force / coercion◆legal pressure / compulsion◆to use force / coercion■ pressure [uncountable] the act of trying to persuade or force sb to do sth 催促；要求；强迫◆The pressure for change continued to mount.改革的呼声持续高涨。◆My parents never put any pressure on me to work in the family business.父母从来不强迫我在家族企业中工作。◆Teenagers may find it difficult to resist peer pressure (= pressure to behave in the same way as others of your age).青少年可能觉得很难抗拒同龄人的压力。■ force [uncountable] physical violence used to make sb do sth or to achieve sth 武力；暴力◆We will achieve much more by persuasion than by brute force.我们通过说服会比使用暴力获得多得多的成果。◆There were plans to seize power by force of arms (= by military action).曾经有武装夺权的计划。 see also force ⇨ force verb ■ coercion /kəʊˈɜːʃn; NAmE koʊˈɜːrʒn/ [uncountable] (formal) the act of making sb do sth that they do not want to, using threats or force （通过威胁或武力的）强迫，胁迫◆His defence was that he was acting under coercion.他辩解说他这么做是被人胁迫的。■ compulsion [uncountable, countable] (rather formal) strong pressure that makes sb do sth they do not want to do, especially sth they should do according to a law, rule or contract （尤指根据法律、规定或合同的）强迫，强制◆You are under no compulsion to pay.没有规定你要付款。◆There are no compulsions on students to attend classes.没有强制要求学生上课。 see also compel ⇨ force verb , compulsory ⇨ necessary active adjective active ♦︎ in operation ♦︎ in force ♦︎ in action ♦︎ up and running ♦︎ operationalThese words all describe sb/sth being able to do, or doing, the activity or work that is typical for them. 这些词均表示发挥功效或起作用。■ active doing sth regularly; functioning; having or causing a chemical effect 定期进行的；起作用的；起化学作用的◆These animals are active only at night.这些动物只在夜间活动。◆Numbers of sexually active teenagers have continued to rise.有性行为的青少年人数持续增加。◆The virus is still active in the blood.病毒仍然在血液中起作用。◆What is the active ingredient in aspirin?阿司匹林中的有效成分是什么？ OPP inactive ⓘ Inactive describes sb/sth that is not doing anything, is not in use or not working or has no effect. * inactive指不活动的、不使用的、不起作用的◆Some animals are inactive during the daytime.有些动物白天不活动。◆an inactive drug / disease失效的药物；非活动性疾病 ■ in opeˈration idiom (rather formal) (of a system) working, being used or having an effect （系统）工作中，使用中，有效◆The system needs to be in operation for six months before it can be assessed.此系统须运行六个月后才能对它进行评估。◆Temporary traffic controls are in operation on New Road.“新路”正实施临时交通管制。ⓘ When a system comes into operation it starts working or having an effect. * come into operation表示开始运行或开始生效◆The new rules come into operation from next week.新规定下周开始生效。When you put sth into operation you start using it or make it start working. * put sth into operation表示开始使用或启动◆It's time to put our plan into operation.该是执行我们计划的时候了。 see also operate ⇨ organize , operate ⇨ work verb 3 ■ in ˈforce idiom (of a law or rule) being used （法律或规定）有效力，实施中◆The new regulations are now in force.新规定现已生效。ⓘ When a law or rule comes/enters into force it starts being used. * come/enter into force表示法律或规定开始实施◆When do the new regulations come into force?新规定何时开始执行？When you bring sth into force you make a law or rule start being used. * bring sth into force表示使法律或规定开始生效◆They are hoping to bring the new legislation into force by the end of the year.他们希望在年底前实施新法。 ■ in ˈaction idiom (of a person or thing) doing the activity or work that is typical for them （人或物）在活动中，运转中◆I've yet to see all the players in action.我还得看所有参赛者实地比赛。■ ˌup and ˈrunning idiom (of a system, for example a computer system) working; being used （系统，如计算机系统）在运转，在使用中◆By that time the new system should be up and running.到那时，新系统应该已经运转起来了。ⓘ Up and running is usually used to talk about sth starting to work or be used after a period of development. * up and running通常指经过一段时间的研发后开始运转或使用。 see also run ⇨ work verb 3 ■ operational [not usually before noun] (rather formal) ready to be used; in use 可使用；在使用中◆The new airport should be fully operational by the end of the year.新机场应该会在年底前全面投入运营。ⓘ Operational is very often used in the phrase fully operational. * operational经常用于短语fully operational中。 see also operate ⇨ work verb 3 force verb force ♦︎ make ♦︎ oblige ♦︎ compel ♦︎ drive ♦︎ impelThese words all mean to put sb in a situation where they have to do sth, especially sth that they do not want to do. 这些词均表示迫使、强迫。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to drive / impel sb to sth◆to force sb / be made / be obliged / compel sb / drive sb / impel sb to do sth◆to feel obliged / compelled / impelled to do sth■ force [transitive, often passive] to put sb in a situation in which they have to do sth that they do not want to do 迫使；强迫◆Ill health forced him into early retirement.他由于健康欠佳不得不提前退休。◆I was forced to take a taxi because the last bus had left.最后一班公共汽车已经开走，我只好打车。◆She forced herself to be polite to them.她对他们强装客气。◆Public pressure managed to force a change in the government's position.公众的压力迫使政府改变了立场。◆He didn't force me－ I wanted to go.他没有逼我，是我自己想去的。 see also force ⇨ pressure noun 2 ■ make (made, made) [transitive] to put sb in a situation in which they have to do sth whether they want to or not 迫使；强迫◆They made me repeat the whole story.他们非让我把整个事件再说一遍。◆His snoring was so bad, she made him sleep on the sofa downstairs.他鼾声如雷，她只好让他睡在楼下的沙发上。◆We were made to work very hard.我们被迫卖力工作。NOTE 辨析 Force or make? Make is slightly more informal and is used especially in conversation. It is usually a person who makes sb else do sth, especially by ordering or telling them in a firm way. 跟force相比，make略微非正式，尤用于交谈中。make表达此义时主语通常是人，尤指命令或坚决地吩咐他人去做某事◆Mum makes us eat lots of vegetables.妈妈要求我们吃很多蔬菜。 Force often suggests strong persuasion or threats from sb, or describes a situation in which there is no choice about what to do. * force 常意味着某人措辞强硬地劝说或威胁，或描述某种别无选择的情况◆The hijackers forced the passengers to lie on the ground.劫机者强迫乘客躺在地上。◆The plane was forced to make an emergency landing because of bad weather.飞机因恶劣天气被迫紧急着陆。In the passive both verbs are followed by the infinitive with to 这两个动词用于被动语态时后面均接带 to 的不定式◆to be forced / made to do sthbut note the difference between the two verbs in the active. 但要注意用于主动语态时二者的区别◆to force sb to do sth◆to make sb do sth ■ oblige / /əˈblaɪdʒ/ / [transitive, usually passive] (always followed by to + infinitive 总是后接带to的不定式) (rather formal) to force sb to do sth, for example by law or because it is a duty （以法律或义务）迫使，强迫◆Parents are obliged by law to send their children to school.法律规定父母必须送子女上学。◆Suppliers aren't legally obliged to provide a warranty.法律上没有规定供应商必须提供商品保修。ⓘ Oblige is used especially in official contexts to describe sth that sb is required to do by law or because it is their responsibility. * oblige尤用于正式语境，指法律规定或以职责、义务要求某人做某事◆The landlord is obliged to give tenants 24 hours' notice of a visit.房东来访必须提前24小时通知房客。It can also be used to describe a moral or social obligation, but in this context it is formal. * oblige亦指以道德或社会义务（obligation）要求某人做某事，但这一用法很正式◆We felt obliged to sit with them.我们觉得应该同他们坐在一起。 see also obligation ⇨ responsibility ■ compel / /kəmˈpel/ / (-ll-) [transitive] (formal) to use your authority to force sb to do sth; to make sth necessary （利用威权）强迫，迫使；使必须◆The law can compel fathers to make regular payments for their children.这项法律可强制父亲定期支付子女费用。◆Last year ill health compelled his retirement.去年他因健康欠佳被迫退休了。 see also compulsion ⇨ pressure noun 2 ■ drive (drove, driven) [transitive] to force sb to act in a particular way, often an extreme way 迫使，驱使（某人做出极端的事）◆The urge to survive drove them on.求生的欲望驱使他们继续下去。◆It's the story of a teenager driven to despair by the hypocrisy of the adult world.这个故事讲的是成人世界的虚伪如何将一名少年逼入绝境。■ impel / /ɪmˈpel/ / (-ll-) [transitive, often passive] (formal) to be forced to do sth by a feeling or idea, especially one that seems to be beyond your control （尤指无法控制的感情或想法）驱使，促使◆He felt impelled to investigate further.他觉得有必要作进一步调查。◆There are various reasons that impel me to that conclusion.有各种原因促使我得出那个结论。 push1 verb push sb away 把某人推开push to the front 挤到前面push ♦︎ thrust ♦︎ force ♦︎ shove ♦︎ stick ♦︎ ram ♦︎ drive ♦︎ poke ♦︎ pressThese words all mean to use your hands, arms or body in order to make sb/sth move forwards or away from you. 这些词均表示推、搡、塞。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to push / thrust / force / shove / stick / ram / drive / poke / press sth into sth◆to push / thrust / force / shove / stick / drive / poke sth through sth◆to push / thrust / force / shove sb / sth away◆to thrust / force / shove / press sth into sb's hands / arms◆to push / thrust / force / shove sth open / shut◆to push / thrust / shove / ram / drive (sth) hard (into / down, etc. sth)◆to push / poke / press (sth) gently◆to push / thrust / drive sth deep (into sth)■ push [transitive, intransitive] (often used with an adverb or preposition 常与副词或介词连用) to use your hands, arms or body to move sb/sth away from you; to move part of your body into a particular position 推；搡；移动（身体部位）◆He walked slowly up the hill, pushing his bike.他推着自行车缓缓爬上山。◆Marty tried to kiss her but she pushed him away.马蒂要吻她，可她把他推开了。◆Stop pushing me!别推我！◆Push hard when I tell you to.我叫你推时，你就使劲推。◆You push and I'll pull.你推，我拉。OPP pull ⇨ pull 1 ■ thrust (thrust, thrust) [transitive, intransitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) (written) to push sb/sth suddenly or violently in a particular direction; to move quickly in a particular direction 猛推；猛塞；冲；挤◆He thrust the baby into my arms and ran off.他把婴儿往我怀里一塞就跑了。◆She thrust her hands deep into her pockets.她把双手深深地插进口袋里。◆Mike thrust her towards the staircase.迈克把她使劲往楼梯那儿一推。◆She thrust past him angrily.她气呼呼地从他身边挤过去。■ force [transitive] (often used with an adverb or preposition 常与副词或介词连用) to use physical strength to move sb/sth into a particular position 用力，强行（把⋯移动）◆She forced her way through the crowds.她从人群中挤了过去。◆He forced the lid of his suitcase shut.他用力把手提箱的盖子合上。◆Someone had tried to force an entry (= enter a building using force).有人试图强行闯入。◆We had to force the lock (= break it open using force).我们不得不强行开锁。 see also force ⇨ force noun ■ shove / /ʃʌv/ / [transitive] (usually used with an adverb or preposition 通常与副词或介词连用) (informal) to put sth somewhere roughly or carelessly 乱放；乱丢；塞◆She shoved the book into her bag and hurried off.她把书胡乱塞进包里就急忙走了。◆Just shove your suitcase under the bed.把你的手提箱塞到床底下吧。■ stick (stuck, stuck) [transitive, intransitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to push sth, usually a sharp object, into sth; to be pushed into sth 把⋯刺入（或插入）；刺；戳◆The nurse stuck a needle into my arm.护士把针扎进我的胳膊。◆The little boy had stuck his head through the railings.那小男孩把头伸进了围栏。◆I found a nail sticking in the tyre.我发现轮胎上扎了根钉子。■ ram (-mm-) [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to push sth somewhere using force （用力）塞，挤，推◆She rammed the key into the lock.她把钥匙塞进锁眼。◆He rammed his foot down hard on the brake.他的脚使劲踩住刹车。■ drive (drove, driven) [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to force sth to go in a particular direction or into a particular position by pushing it or hitting it 击；打；敲◆He took a wooden peg and drove it into the ground.他拿起一个短桩，把它钉在地上。■ poke [transitive] (always used with an adverb or preposition 总是与副词或介词连用) to push sth somewhere or move it in a particular direction with a small quick movement 推；捅；戳；探◆He poked his head around the door.他从门后探出头来。◆Someone had poked a message under the door.有人从门底下塞进了一张纸条。■ press [transitive] to put sth into or onto sth by pushing it firmly 把⋯塞进；把⋯按入◆He pressed a coin into her hand.他把一枚硬币塞进她手里。 |