| 例句 |
grasp verb
⇨ hold (grasp sb's hand) ⇨ understand 1 (grasp a concept)grasp noun
⇨ control (maintain your grasp of the situation) ⇨ understanding (a good grasp of the facts) hold verb hold ♦︎ hold on ♦︎ cling ♦︎ clutch ♦︎ grip ♦︎ grasp ♦︎ clasp ♦︎ handle ♦︎ hang onThese words all mean to have sb/sth in your hands or arms. 这些词均表示抓住、抱住。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to hold / clutch / grip / clasp sth in your hand / hands / arms◆to hold / clutch / clasp sb / sth in your arms◆to hold / hold on to / cling to / clutch / grip / grasp / clasp / hang on to sb / sth by / with sth◆to hold / clutch / grip / grasp / clasp / hang on to sth◆to hold / cling / hang on◆to hold / clutch / clasp sth to you◆to hold / hold on to / cling on to / clutch / grip / grasp / clasp sb's hand◆to hold / hold on to / cling to / clutch / grip / grasp / clasp / hang on to sb / sth tightly◆to hold / hold on to / cling to / clutch / grip / grasp / clasp sb / sth firmly◆to hold / hold on to / clutch / grip / clasp / hang on to sb / sth tight■ hold (held, held) [transitive] to have sb/sth in your hand or arms 抓住；抱住◆She was holding a large box.她抱着一个大盒子。◆The captain held the trophy in the air.队长把奖杯高高举起。◆I held the baby gently in my arms.我轻轻地抱着宝宝。◆The girl held her father's hand tightly.那女孩紧紧抓着她父亲的手。◆They walked along the street, holding hands.他们手拉手在街上走。◆He held her by the shoulders.他搂着她的双肩。◆The lovers held each other close.这对恋人紧紧相拥。▸ hold noun [singular, uncountable] ◆His hold on her arm tightened.他把她的胳膊抓得更紧了。◆She tried to keep hold of the child's hand.她用力抓住那孩子的手不放。■ ˌhold ˈon■ ˌhold ˈonto sb/sth phrasal verb (held, held) [no passive] to continue to hold sb/sth; to put your hand on sb/sth and not take your hand away 抓紧；不放开◆Hold on and don't let go until I say so.抓住别放，等我让你松手再松开。◆It's very windy－you'd better hold on to your hat.风很大，你最好按住帽子。◆He held onto the back of the chair to stop himself from falling.他扶着椅子后背，以免摔倒。■ cling (clung, clung) [intransitive] to hold on to sb/sth tightly, especially with your whole body （尤指全身）抱紧◆Survivors clung to pieces of floating debris.幸存者紧紧抱住漂在水面的残骸。◆Leaves still clung to the branches.叶子依然紧附在树枝上。◆Cling on tight!抱紧！◆They clung together, shivering with cold.他们紧紧抱在一起，冷得直发抖。■ clutch [transitive, intransitive] to hold sb/sth tightly, especially in your hand; to take hold of sth suddenly 紧握；抓紧；突然抓住◆She stood there, the flowers still clutched in her hand.她站在那儿，手里仍然紧握着那束花。◆He gasped, and clutched his stomach.他大口喘着气，紧紧按住自己的胃部。◆He felt himself slipping and clutched at a branch.他感觉自己正往下滑，急忙抓住一根树枝。■ grip (-pp-) [transitive, intransitive] to hold on to sth very tightly with your hand 紧握；紧抓◆'Please don't go,' he said, gripping her arm.“求求你别走。”他紧紧抓住她的手臂说道。◆Grip the rope as tightly as you can.用尽全力握紧绳索。◆She gripped on to the railing with both hands.她双手紧紧抓住栏杆。▸ grip noun [countable, usually singular] ◆Keep a tight grip on the rope.紧紧抓住绳索别松开。◆The climber slipped and lost his grip.登山者滑了一下，手松开了。■ grasp /grɑːsp; NAmE græsp/ [transitive] to take hold of sth firmly 抓紧；抓牢◆He grasped my hand and shook it warmly.他热情地抓住我的手握了起来。◆Kay grasped him by the wrist.凯紧紧抓住他的手腕。◆He grasped the pan by its handle.他握紧锅柄。ⓘ The object of grasp is often sb's hand or wrist. * grasp的宾语常常是某人的hand或wrist。▸ grasp noun [countable, usually singular] ◆I grabbed him, but he slipped from my grasp.我紧紧抓着他，可他还是从我手里溜掉了。■ clasp /klɑːsp; NAmE klæsp/ [transitive] (written) to hold sb/sth tightly in your hand or in your arms 握紧；攥紧；抱紧◆He leaned forward, his hands clasped tightly together.他俯身向前，双手十指紧扣。◆They clasped hands (= held each other's hands).他们紧握着对方的手。◆She clasped the children in her arms.她把那些孩子紧紧搂在怀里。◆He clasped her to him.他把她搂抱过来。ⓘ The object of clasp is often your hands, sb else's hand or another person. * clasp的宾语常常是自己或他人的hand或另一个人。▸ clasp noun [singular] ◆He took her hand in his firm clasp.他紧紧地握着她的手。■ handle [transitive] to touch, hold or move sth with your hands （用手）触，拿，搬动◆Our cat hates being handled.我们的猫不喜欢被人摆弄。◆The label on the box said: 'Fragile. Handle with care.'箱子上的标签写着：“易碎，小心轻放。”■ ˌhang ˈon phrasal verb (hung, hung) [no passive] to hold on to sth very tightly, especially in order to support yourself or stop yourself from falling 抓紧（尤指以防摔倒）◆Hang on tight. We're off!紧紧抓好了，我们出发了！◆I hung on to him for support.我紧紧抓着他以防摔倒。 understand1 verb understand French/how sth works 懂法语；知道某事物如何运行understand how sb feels 了解某人的感觉understand ♦︎ see ♦︎ get ♦︎ follow ♦︎ grasp ♦︎ comprehend ♦︎ catch on ♦︎ take sth inThese words all mean to know or realize sth, for example why sth happens, how sth works or what sth means. 这些词均表示懂得、理解、明白。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to understand / see / get / follow / grasp / comprehend / catch on to / take in what / why / how...◆to understand / see / grasp / comprehend / take in that...◆to understand / get / grasp / take in the meaning (of sth)◆to understand / see / get / grasp the point / idea (of sth)◆to understand / grasp a concept / principle◆to understand / follow the instructions◆can / can't understand / see / follow / grasp / comprehend / take in sth◆to try to understand / see / follow / grasp / comprehend / take in sth◆to begin to understand / see / grasp / comprehend / take in sth◆to be easy / difficult / hard to understand / see / follow / grasp / comprehend / take in◆to easily understand / see / grasp / comprehend◆to (not) quite understand / see / get / follow / grasp sth◆to fully understand / see / grasp / comprehend / take in sth■ understand (understood, understood) [transitive, intransitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to know or realize the meaning of words, a language, what sb says, etc.; to know or realize how or why sth happens, how it works or why it is important 懂，理解，领会（词义、语言、话语等）；了解，明白（事情如何或为何发生、如何起作用或为何重要等）◆Do you understand French?你懂法语吗？◆He couldn't understand what she was saying.他弄不懂她在说些什么。◆Doctors still don't understand much about the disease.医生对这种疾病还不太了解。◆The disease is still not fully understood.对这种疾病的了解还不充分。◆I could never understand why she was fired.我怎么也不明白她为何被解雇。◆I just don't understand!我就是想不通！◆I don't want you doing that again. Do you understand?我不许你再那样做，听明白了吗？OPP misunderstand ⇨ misunderstand ■ see (saw, seen) [intransitive, transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (especially spoken) to understand what is happening, what sb is saying, how sth works or how important sth is 理解，明白，领会（正在发生的事、某人的话、某事物如何起作用或有多重要）◆'It opens like this.' 'Oh, I see.'“这样就打开了。”“哦，我明白了。”◆You see, she only heard about the plan yesterday.要知道，她昨天才得知这个计划。◆I don't think she saw the point of the story.我觉得她没有领会故事的中心意思。◆Oh yes, I see what you mean.噢，我明白你的意思了。◆Can't you see that he's taking advantage of you?他在利用你，难道你看不出来？■ get [transitive] (getting, got, got; NAmE spoken getting, got, gotten) [no passive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (informal, especially spoken) to understand a joke, what sb is trying to tell you, or a situation that they are trying to describe 理解，明白（笑话、某人试图告知的事或描述的情况）◆She didn't get the joke.她没听懂那笑话。◆I don't get you.我不懂你的意思。◆I don't get it－why would she do a thing like that?我不明白，她怎么会干那种事？◆I get the message－you don't want me to come.我懂你的意思了，你是不希望我来。■ follow [intransitive, transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to understand an explanation, a story or the meaning of sth 理解，明白（说明、故事或意思）◆Sorry－I don't quite follow.对不起，我不太明白。◆I don't follow you.我听不懂你的话。◆The plot is almost impossible to follow.故事情节几乎叫人不明所以。■ grasp /grɑːsp; NAmE græsp/ [transitive] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to come to understand a fact, an idea or how to do sth 认识到，理解，领会（事实、想法或如何做某事）◆They failed to grasp the importance of his words.他们没能理解他的话的重要性。◆She was unable to grasp how to do it.她没弄明白这事该怎么做。NOTE 辨析 Understand or grasp?You can use understand or grasp for the action of realizing the meaning or importance of sth for the first time. 第一次意识到某事的意义或重要性可用understand或grasp◆It's a difficult concept for children to understand / grasp.对孩子来说，这是个很难理解的概念。For the state of knowing the meaning or importance of sth, use understand or have grasped. 表示对某事的意义或重要性已有所认识可用understand或have grasped◆By this time, engineers understood / had grasped the basic principles of aerodynamics.那时候，工程师已经掌握了空气动力学的基本原理。◆By this time, engineers grasped the basic principles... Only understand can be used to talk about languages, words or writing. 只有understand可指理解语言、词义或文章等◆I don't grasp French/the instructions. ■ comprehend /ˌkɒmprɪˈhend; NAmE ˌkɑːmprɪˈhend/ [transitive, intransitive] (not used in the progressive tenses; often used in negative statements 不用于进行时，常用于否定陈述) (formal) to understand a fact, idea or reason 理解，领悟，明白（事实、想法或原因）◆The concept of infinity is almost impossible for the human mind to comprehend.“无穷”这个概念几乎是人类的大脑无法理解的。◆He stood staring at the body, unable to comprehend.他站在那里，盯着那具尸体，弄不明白是怎么回事。■ ˌcatch ˈon phrasal verb (caught, caught) (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) (informal, especially spoken) to come to understand a situation 弄明白；搞清楚◆She still didn't catch on, even after all those hints.给了那么多暗示，她竟然还是没弄懂。◆He finally caught on to what was going on.他终于明白了正在发生的事。■ ˌtake sth ˈin phrasal verb (took, taken) (often used in negative statements 常用于否定陈述) to understand and remember sth that you hear or read 理解并记住（听到或读到的东西）◆I realized I was reading without taking anything in.我意识到我什么都没读懂。 control noun control ♦︎ power ♦︎ rule ♦︎ authority ♦︎ jurisdiction ♦︎ discipline ♦︎ command ♦︎ hold ♦︎ grasp ♦︎ forceThese are all words for the ability that a person or group has to control sb/sth else. 这些词均表示控制力、操纵力。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆control / power / rule / authority / jurisdiction / command / a hold over sb / sth◆a hold / grasp on sb / sth◆to be in control / power / authority / command / force◆to be under sb's control / rule / authority / jurisdiction / command◆to be beyond / outside the control / power / authority / jurisdiction of sb◆the power / authority / jurisdiction to do sth◆absolute / complete control / power / authority / command◆direct control / rule / authority / command◆to have control / power / authority / jurisdiction / command / a hold over sb / force◆to exercise control / power / authority / jurisdiction◆to take control / power / command◆to assume control / power / authority / command◆to give sb control / power / authority / jurisdiction / command / a hold over sb◆to delegate power / authority / command (to sb)◆to lose control / power / authority / command / your hold on sth◆to relinquish control / power / command / your hold on sth■ control [uncountable] the power to make decisions about how a country, an area, an organization or sb's life is run; the ability to make sb/sth do what you want （对国家、地区、机构或人的）管理权，控制权，支配权；控制（或操纵）能力◆The party is expecting to gain control of the council in the next election.该党期待着下次选举能获得对地方议会的控制权。◆The aim is to give people more control over their own lives.目的是让人能对自己的生活有更多的自主权。◆The city is under enemy control.那座城市在敌人控制之下。◆The teacher had no control over the children.那个老师管不住学生。◆She struggled to keep control of her voice.她竭力控制住自己的声音。◆She lost control of her car on the ice.她在冰上开车失去了控制。◆Owing to circumstances beyond our control the flight to Rome has been cancelled.由于出现了无法控制的情况，飞往罗马的航班已经取消。 see also self-control ⇨ restraint , controlled ⇨ disciplined ■ power [uncountable] the ability to control people or things; political control of a country or area 控制力；影响力；统治；政权◆He has the power to make life very difficult for us.他权力很大，可以把我们整得狼狈不堪。◆The Emperor had absolute power over all his subjects.皇帝对所有的臣民拥有绝对权力。◆She was determined to go through with her plan, now that she had him in her power (= was able to do what she liked with him).既然可以摆布他，她决定把她的计划实施到底。◆The party came to power at the last election.该党在上次选举中当选执政。◆He seized power in a military coup.他在一次军事政变中夺了权。◆It was the beginning of a power struggle between rival factions within the party.这是该党内部对立派系间权力斗争的开始。◆The war brought about a shift in the balance of power.那场战争使势力的均衡发生了转变。 see also office ⇨ role ■ rule [uncountable] the government of a country or area by a particular person, group or political system （特定的人、团体或政治体系对国家或地区的）统治，管理◆There was a gradual process of returning the country to civilian rule.将那个国家恢复到文官统治经历了一个渐进的过程。◆The country remained under direct rule by the occupying powers.那个国家仍在占领势力的直接统治下。ⓘ Rule often refers to control by an outside country or group, by a political system which allows little freedom, or sth which contrasts with this. * rule常指外国或外部集团的控制，以及专制或非专制政体的统治◆colonial / British / Ottoman rule殖民地的／英国的／奥斯曼的统治◆Fascist / military rule法西斯主义／军事统治◆a return to civilian / democratic / majority rule回到文官／民主／多数派统治 see also rule ⇨ rule verb 1 ■ authority [uncountable] the power to give orders to people 权力；威权；当权◆She now has authority over the people who used to be her bosses.她现在管辖着曾是她上司的那些人。◆Nothing will be done because no one in authority (= who has the power to do sth) takes the matter seriously.什么也办不了，因为掌权的谁也不认真对待这个问题。■ jurisdiction /ˌdʒʊərɪsˈdɪkʃn; NAmE ˌdʒʊrɪsˈdɪkʃn/ [uncountable, countable] (formal) the power that an official organization has to make legal decisions about sb/sth 司法权；审判权；管辖权◆These matters do not fall within our jurisdiction.这些事情不归我们管辖。◆The agreement doesn't come under the jurisdiction of the EU courts.该协议不归欧盟法院管辖。■ discipline [uncountable] the practice of training people to obey rules and orders and punishing them if they do not; the controlled behaviour or situation that results from this training 守纪训练；训导；纪律；风纪◆The school has a reputation for high standards of discipline.这所学校以纪律严明著称。◆Strict discipline is imposed on army recruits.新兵受到严格的纪律训练。◆She keeps good discipline in class.她严格执行课堂纪律。 see also discipline ⇨ punish verb , disciplined ⇨ disciplined , self-discipline ⇨ restraint ■ command [uncountable] the power to give orders to a group of people, especially in the armed forces or police （尤指对军队或警察的）控制，管辖，指挥◆He has 1 200 men under his command.他掌管着1 200人。◆Who's in command here?这里谁主事？◆The police arrived and took command of the situation.警方到达后控制了局势。 see also command ⇨ order verb 1 , command ⇨ run 2 ■ hold [singular] influence or control over a person or situation （对人或局势的）影响，控制◆What she knew about his past gave her a hold over him.她知道他的过去，所以能够控制他。◆Enemy forces have consolidated their hold on the northern province.敌军已经巩固了他们对北部省份的控制。■ grasp [singular] (rather informal) control over a situation, especially when it is hard to hold on to （尤指对难以控制的局势的）掌控◆The company continues to maintain its grasp on the business computer market.那家公司继续维持着对商用电脑市场的控制。◆Don't let the situation escape from your grasp.别让局面失控。NOTE 辨析 Hold or grasp?In this meaning, a hold is stronger than a grasp. You have, strengthen or consolidate a hold. A grasp has to be maintained or things may slip or escape from it. 表达此义时，hold语气比grasp强。hold可以作have、strengthen或consolidate的宾语。grasp则可以作maintain、slip或escape from的宾语。■ force [uncountable] the authority of a law or rule （法律或规定的）权力，效力◆These guidelines do not have the force of law.这些指导原则不具有法律效力。◆The court ruled that these standards have force in British law.法院裁定，这些标准在英国法律中具有效力。 understanding noun understanding ♦︎ sense ♦︎ insight ♦︎ conception ♦︎ comprehension ♦︎ grasp ♦︎ appreciation ♦︎ depthThese are all words for sb's ability to understand situations, subjects, etc. 这些词均表示理解力、洞察力、领悟力。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆sb's understanding / sense / conception / comprehension / grasp / appreciation / depth of sth◆beyond (sb's) understanding / (sb's) conception / (sb's) comprehension / sb's grasp◆an understanding / a sense / an insight / the conception / an appreciation that...◆(a) good understanding / sense / insight / comprehension / grasp / appreciation◆a proper understanding / sense / grasp / appreciation◆a thorough understanding / comprehension / grasp / appreciation◆an adequate understanding / conception / comprehension / grasp / appreciation◆(a) historical / musical understanding / sense / insight / appreciation◆to have an understanding / a sense / (an) insight / a conception / a comprehension / a grasp / an appreciation / depth◆to show understanding / a sense / insight / a grasp / an appreciation◆to increase / enhance your understanding / your sense / insight / comprehension / your appreciation◆to improve your understanding / your sense / insight / comprehension / grasp◆to develop / gain an understanding / a sense / an insight / an appreciation◆a level of understanding / insight / comprehension / appreciation◆a lack of understanding / insight / comprehension / appreciation / depth■ understanding [uncountable, singular] the knowledge that sb has of a particular subject or situation （对某个主题或状况的）理解，领悟，了解◆The committee has little or no understanding of the problem.委员会对这个问题了解不多或根本不了解。◆The vastness of the universe is beyond human understanding.宇宙的广袤无垠超出了人类的理解范围。◆His writings reflect a good understanding of the society he lived in.他的文学作品反映出他对自己所生活的社会有深刻的了解。OPP misunderstanding ⇨ illusion ■ sense [singular] an understanding of sth; an ability to make sensible judgements about sth 理解力；判断力◆She always had a strong sense of personal responsibility (= an understanding that she is responsible for her own actions).她一向有很强的个人责任感。◆Babies seem to have an innate sense of rhythm (= an ability to respond to the beat of music).婴儿似乎有天生的节奏感。◆One of the most important things in a partner is a sense of humour (= the ability to find things funny or make people laugh).伴侣身上最重要的素质之一是幽默感。◆I've got a hopeless sense of direction (= ability to know where I am and where I am going in relation to other places).我的方向感糟透了。◆Always try to keep a sense of proportion (= the ability to know what is important in relation to other things).随时都要把握好轻重缓急。◆Ed doesn't have any dress sense (= the ability to know what clothes look good) at all!埃德对服装完全没有判断力！◆I developed a certain road sense (= the ability to travel on roads safely) during my years as a cyclist.我在骑自行车的那些年间养成了一定的道路安全意识。ⓘ In this meaning sense is nearly always used in the phrases a/sb's sense of sth and dress/road sense. 表达此义时，sense几乎总是用于短语a/sb's sense of sth和dress/road sense。■ insight / /ˈɪnsaɪt/ / [uncountable, countable] (often approving) the ability to understand the truth about people or situations; an understanding of what sth is like 洞察力；领悟；洞悉；了解◆She was a writer of great insight.她是拥有深刻洞察力的作家。◆I hope you've gained some insight into the difficulties we face.我希望你对我们面临的困难已有所了解。◆The book gives us some fascinating insights into life in Mexico.这本书生动地展现了墨西哥的生活。■ conception / /kənˈsepʃn/ / [uncountable, countable] (rather formal) an understanding or belief of what sth is or what sth should be 理解（认为某事怎样或应该怎样）◆He has no conception of what it's like to be unemployed.他还不知道失业的滋味是什么。◆I had a rather romantic conception of life in the country.我对乡村生活的理解相当浪漫。■ comprehension / /ˌkɒmprɪˈhenʃn; NAmE ˌkɑːmprɪˈhenʃn/ [uncountable, singular] (rather formal, especially written) the ability to understand sth 理解力；领悟力◆His behaviour was beyond comprehension.他的举止令人费解。◆The task requires a good comprehension of complex instructions.这项任务要求对复杂的指令有良好的领悟力。■ grasp /grɑːsp; NAmE græsp/ [singular] a person's understanding of a subject （对某主题的）理解，领会◆She has an excellent grasp of English grammar.她对英语语法掌握得非常好。◆Such complicated instructions are beyond the grasp of most of our students.这些复杂的指令是我们的大多数学生所不能理解的。■ appreciation /əˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃn/ / [uncountable, singular] (rather formal) a full or sympathetic understanding of a situation, problem or subject 理解；体谅；同情◆I had no appreciation of the problems they faced.我没有体谅到他们所面临的问题。◆Candidates should have a broad appreciation of contemporary issues.候选人对当代问题应该要有广泛的理解。 see also appreciate ⇨ know 1 ■ depth [uncountable] (approving) the quality of knowing or understanding a lot of details about sth; the ability to provide and explain these details 渊博；深刻；洞察力◆a writer of great wisdom and depth有卓越智慧和洞察力的作家◆a job that doesn't require any great depth of knowledge不需要多么高深知识的工作◆His ideas lack depth.他的想法缺乏深度。 see also deep ⇨ serious 3 |