world noun ⇨world (sail around the world)⇨culture (the ancient world)⇨the real world⇨fact
theworld
noun
the world ♦︎ earth ♦︎ the globe ♦︎ the planetThese words all mean the planet that we live on.这些词均表示地球。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆around / across / all over the world / earth / globe / planet◆on (the) earth / the globe / the planet◆to save / destroy the world / earth / planet◆the world / earth turns / revolves◆the face / surface of the earth / globe / planet◆the (four) corners of the world / earth / globe■the world [singular] the planet that we live on; all the people or countries that exist地球；世界◆He's always wanted to sail around the world.他一直想环球航行。◆Which is the largest city in the world?世界上最大的城市是哪个？◆French is spoken in many parts of the world.世界上许多地方说法语。◆He's the world's highest paid entertainer.他是世界上薪酬最高的艺人。◆She spent much of her life campaigning for world peace.她几乎把一生都投入到了世界和平运动之中。■earth ( the earth, Earth, the Earth) [uncountable, singular] the planet that we live on地球◆The fossil record shows the history of life on earth.化石记录着地球上的生命史。◆The earth revolves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。◆In the story the aliens have a plan to destroy planet earth.故事中外星人计划摧毁地球。NOTE辨析 The world or the earth?In some cases you can use either word.在有些情况下这两个词可以通用◆I must be the happiest person in the world / on earth!我肯定是这世上最幸福的人了！However, there is usually a difference of emphasis: use the world when you are only concerned with things that exist in the world, and not with anything that exists outside it. Earth is more often used when our planet is being considered in relation to other planets, its place in space, or heaven. Compare world peace(= peace between all the countries in the world)and peace on earth(= peace as a gift to people on earth from God in heaven).但是，两个词通常强调不同的内容。使用the world时表示仅与地球上的事物相关，与地球以外的事情没有关系。earth常指相对于其他行星或太空的地球，或相对于上天的大地。试比较world peace（世界和平）和peace on earth（上帝赐予大地的安宁）。■the globe [singular] the world, especially when emphasizing how big it is地球，世界（尤用以强调其大）◆The resort attracts tourists from every corner of the globe.这个胜地吸引了来自世界各地的游人。■the planet [singular] the world, especially when talking about the environment地球（尤用于谈论环境问题）◆South East Asia has emerged as a key arena in the battle to save the planet.东南亚已经成为保护地球环境的主战场。
culture
noun
culture ♦︎ society ♦︎ community ♦︎ world ♦︎ civilization ♦︎ raceThese are all words for groups of people who share the same customs, beliefs and way of life.这些词均表示人类群体。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆(the) Western culture / society / world / civilization◆(the) Arab / Islamic culture / society / community / world◆European / American / African, etc. culture / society / civilization◆an / the English-speaking culture / community / world◆(a / an / the) ancient / modern / contemporary culture / society / world / civilization◆(an) industrial culture / society / community / civilization◆a primitive culture / society / community / race◆(a) traditional / mainstream culture / society / community◆a / the secular culture / society / world◆to create a culture / society / civilization■culture [uncountable, countable] the customs and beliefs, art, way of life and social organization of a particular country or group; a country or group with its own customs, beliefs, etc.文化，文明（指特定国家或群体的风俗、信仰、艺术、生活方式及社会组织，或拥有特定习俗、信仰等的国家、群体）◆These ideas have always been central to Western culture.这些观念一直是西方文明的核心。◆As young people started to have more money, a significant youth culture developed.当年轻人开始更有钱时，一种重要的青年文化形成了。◆The children are taught to respect different cultures.孩子们受到教育要尊重不同的文化。■society [countable, uncountable] a country or group of people who share the same customs and laws社会（遵守相同习俗和法律的国家或群体）◆Can Britain ever be a classless society?英国能否有朝一日成为无阶级的社会？◆Singapore has a delicately balanced multicultural society.新加坡是一个多元文化达到微妙平衡的社会。◆They were discussing the problems of Western society.他们在讨论西方社会的问题。■community [countable + singular or plural verb] a group of people who share the same race, religion, job or interests, especially when they live in the same place团体；社团；界；（尤指）社区◆Representatives of the city's Asian community had a meeting with the mayor.该市的亚裔团体代表和市长进行了会谈。◆He grew up in a close-knit fishing community.他生长在一个紧密团结的渔业社区。■world [countable, usually singular] a particular part of the earth; a particular group of countries or people; a particular period of history and the people of that period某地域（或民族、历史时期）的人类社会；世界◆Heads of state from all over the Arab world gathered for the conference.所有阿拉伯世界的国家首脑为了这次会议聚在一起。◆The motto was inscribed on buildings throughout the Roman world.那句箴言雕刻在罗马世界各地的建筑上。■civilization (BrE alsocivilisation) /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn; NAmEˌsɪvəlaləˈzeɪʃn/ [uncountable, countable] a society and its culture during a particular period of time or in a particular part of the world（特定时期或地区的）社会文明◆These diseases are common in Western civilization.这些疾病在西方社会很常见。◆The Minoan civilization of Crete used two forms of script.克里特岛的米诺斯文明使用两种形式的文字。ⓘ Civilization is used especially to describe a society which is considered to have a highly developed social structure, art and beliefs. Ancient civilizations include the Greeks, the Romans, the Egyptians, the Chinese and the Sumerians. * civilization尤用于描述被认为具有高度发达的社会结构、艺术和信仰的社会。ancient civilization（古代文明）包括希腊、罗马、埃及、中国和苏美尔文明。■race [countable] a group of people who share the same language, history and culture民族◆Evidence suggests they were a race of nomadic hunters.证据显示他们属于游猎民族。◆He admired Canadians as a hardy and determined race.他敬佩加拿大人，因为他们是吃苦耐劳、意志坚定的民族。 see also race ⇨ people2
fact
noun
fact ♦︎ the truth ♦︎ reality ♦︎ so ♦︎ the real world ♦︎ real lifeThese words are all used to refer to a situation that you believe is true and not invented.这些词均表示事实、现实、真实情况。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in fact / reality / the real world / real life◆the fact / truth (of the matter) is that...◆to face / accept / ignore the fact / the truth / reality◆to be based on fact / the truth■fact [singular, uncountable] used to refer to a particular situation that exists; things that are true rather than things that have been invented现实；实际情况；真实的事物◆I could no longer ignore the fact that he was deeply unhappy.我再不能对他深感不快这个事实不闻不问了。◆Despite the fact that she was wearing a seat belt, she was thrown sharply forward.尽管她系了安全带，还是被猛然抛向前方。◆The fact remains that we are still two teachers short.实际情况是我们还缺少两名教师。◆I thought the work would be difficult. In actual fact, it's very easy.我原以为这工作会很难，事实上却很容易。◆The story is based on fact.这个故事取材于真人真事。◆It's important to distinguish fact from fiction.区别真实和虚构很重要。OPPfiction ⇨ lienoun see also fact ⇨ information, factual ⇨ reliable2, the case ⇨ situation■the truth [singular] the true facts about sth, rather than things that have been invented or guessed真相；实情；真实情况◆Do you think she's telling the truth?你认为她在讲实话吗？◆We are determined to get at(= discover) the truth.我们决心查出真相。◆I don't think you are telling me the whole truth about what happened.我认为你并没有把事情的全部真相告诉我。◆The sad truth is that, at 72, he is past his prime.令人遗憾的是他已72岁了，盛年不再。 see also true ⇨ true■reality [uncountable] the true situation and the problems that actually exist in life, in contrast to how you would like life to be现实，实际情况（与理想相对）◆You're out of touch with reality.你脱离了现实。◆Outwardly she seemed confident but in reality she felt extremely nervous.她表面上显得信心十足，实际上却紧张得要命。OPPfantasy ⇨ imagination■so
adverb
(especiallyspoken) used to refer back to sth that has already been mentioned as being true（指刚说过的事）这样，如此，确实◆I hear that you're a writer－is that so(= is that true)?听说你是作家，是真的吗？◆He thinks I dislike him but that just isn't so.他以为我讨厌他，其实不是那么回事。◆I might be away next week. If so, I won't be able to see you.下星期我可能外出。要是那样，我就见不到你了。ⓘ The adverb so can be used in the phrases is that so? and that isn't so to ask if or deny that sth is true, or in the phrase if so, when you are not sure if sth is true or a fact, and sth else depends on it.副词so可用在短语is that so和that isn't so中，分别用以询问和否认某事的真实性；短语if so表示说话人对某事的真实性没有把握，但要据此作出其他决定。■the ˌreal ˈworld
idiom
the situations that people have to deal with in their lives, rather than artificial or imagined situations现实世界◆Politicians seem to be out of touch with the real world.政治人物似乎脱离了现实世界。ⓘ The expression the real world is sometimes used to refer to being outside a particular institution, such as a school or place of employment, where people are protected from some of life's difficulties.短语the real world有时指学校、职场等特定机构以外的世界，因为在那些机构里，人们不用面对实际生活中的某些困难◆The purpose of school is to prepare students to go out into the real world.学校的目的是让学生做好踏入现实世界的准备。■ˌreal ˈlife
idiom
what happens in genuine situations rather than in an imaginary situation such as a story or film真实情境中发生的事；现实生活◆In the movies guns kill people instantly, but it's not like that in real life.电影中人总是一中枪就马上死亡，但实际生活中并非如此。