| 例句 |
handicap noun
⇨ disability (physical handicap) ⇨ obstacle (Lack of experience is a real handicap.)handicap verb
⇨ block 1 disability noun disability ♦︎ handicap ♦︎ impairmentThese are all words for a condition that means that you cannot use a part of your body completely or easily. 这些词均表示身体残障。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a severe disability / handicap / impairment◆permanent disability / impairment◆to have / be born with / suffer from a disability / a handicap / an impairment◆to cope with a disability / handicap■ disability [countable, uncountable] a permanent physical or mental condition that means that you cannot use a part of your body completely or easily, or that you cannot learn easily （永久性的）残疾，生理缺陷，智力障碍◆He has a permanent disability which prevents him from working as a labourer.他有永久性残疾，不能从事体力劳动。◆She works in a school for children with learning disabilities.她在一所为有学习障碍的儿童开办的学校里工作。◆He qualifies for help on the grounds of disability.他因残疾而符合救助条件。■ handicap [countable, uncountable] (old-fashioned, sometimes offensive) a physical or mental condition that means that you cannot use a part of your body completely or easily or that you cannot learn easily 残疾；生理缺陷；智力障碍◆The knee injury turned out to be a considerable handicap to Paul.膝盖受伤结果给保罗的行动造成很大不便。◆Despite her handicap, Jane is able to hold down a full-time job.简虽然有残疾，但还是能保住一份全职工作。ⓘ The word handicap to mean a permanent physical or mental disability is now rather old-fashioned, can be offensive, and should be avoided. Instead of 'mental disability/handicap' use learning disability . Handicap can still be used to talk about a temporary injury that prevents sb from using a part of their body for a time; disability cannot be used in this way. * handicap表示永久性生理缺陷或智力障碍的用法现在颇为过时，且有冒犯之意，应避免使用。表示智力障碍应该用learning disability代替mental disability/handicap。handicap仍可表示因受伤而使身体某个部位暂时性行动不便，disability则不能这样用◆The knee injury turned out to be a considerable disability. see also handicap ⇨ obstacle ■ impairment /ɪmˈpeəmənt; NAmE ɪmˈpermənt/ [uncountable, countable] (technical 术语) a physical or mental condition that means that a part of your body or brain does not work correctly （身体）缺陷，损伤；（智力）障碍◆The doctor noted impairment of the functions of the kidney.医生留意到了肾功能的障碍。◆A new day-care centre will be opened for people with a visual impairment.一个新的视力受损者日间护理中心即将开业。▸ impaired adjective ◆ (rather formal) He has impaired hearing as a result of long-term exposure to noise pollution.他因长期接触噪音污染而听力受损。◆the problems faced by people who are visually / hearing impaired视力／听力受损者所面对的问题 obstacle noun obstacle ♦︎ barrier ♦︎ hurdle ♦︎ stumbling block ♦︎ impediment ♦︎ roadblock ♦︎ handicap ♦︎ hindranceThese are all words for sth that makes it difficult for sb to do or achieve sth. 这些词均表示障碍、阻碍、妨碍。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆an obstacle / a barrier / a stumbling block / an impediment / a handicap / a hindrance to sb / sth◆without obstacles / impediment / hindrance◆despite the obstacles / barriers / handicap◆a major obstacle / barrier / hurdle / stumbling block / impediment / roadblock / handicap / hindrance◆a big obstacle / hurdle / stumbling block / roadblock / handicap◆a real obstacle / barrier / stumbling block / handicap / hindrance◆the main obstacle / barrier / hurdle / stumbling block / impediment / roadblock◆a legal obstacle / barrier / impediment / roadblock / handicap◆a financial obstacle / barrier / hurdle / roadblock◆to face an obstacle / a barrier / a hurdle / a roadblock◆to remove an obstacle / a barrier / a stumbling block / an impediment / a roadblock◆to overcome an obstacle / a barrier / a hurdle / a handicap■ obstacle / /ˈɒbstəkl; NAmE ˈɑːbstəkl/ [countable] a situation or event that makes it difficult for sb to do or achieve sth 障碍；阻碍；绊脚石◆The huge distances involved have proved to be an obstacle to communication.距离遥远对通信来说证明是一个障碍。◆So far, we have managed to overcome all the obstacles placed in our path.到目前为止，我们已设法排除了我们路上的一切障碍。■ barrier [countable] a problem, situation or rule that prevents sb from doing sth or that makes sth impossible 障碍；阻力；限制◆Cost should not be a barrier to the use of legal services.费用不应成为获得法律服务的障碍。◆There has been a gradual reduction in subsidies and trade barriers.补贴和贸易壁垒已逐渐减少。NOTE 辨析 Obstacle or barrier?An obstacle makes it difficult to do sth, but it is usually still possible to do it by making a great effort; a barrier actually prevents sb from doing sth because it means that they do not or cannot attempt it. * obstacle使人难以做某事，但竭力去做通常还是有可能做到；barrier实际上让人做不成某事，因为人们不去或无法作出尝试。■ hurdle [countable] a problem or difficulty that must be solved or dealt with before sb can achieve sth 难关；障碍◆Well, we've cleared the first hurdle; let's see what happens next.好啦，我们已清除了第一个障碍，看看接下来会发生什么。◆The next hurdle will be getting her parents' agreement.下一个难关将是征得她父母的同意。ⓘ A hurdle is often considered as one in a series of problems or difficulties. * hurdle常被视为一系列问题或难关中的一个。■ ˈstumbling block [countable] (especially journalism 尤用于新闻) a problem or disagreement that prevents sb from achieving sth, or sth from making progress 障碍物；绊脚石◆The peace process encountered another stumbling block in mid-June.和平进程在6月中旬再次遇到阻碍。■ impediment /ɪmˈpedɪmənt/ / noun [countable] (formal) a fact or situation that makes it difficult for sb to do sth or for sth to make progress 妨碍；阻碍；障碍◆There are no legal impediments to their appealing against the decision.在法律上没有障碍阻止他们对判决提出上诉。■ roadblock / /ˈrəʊdblɒk; NAmE ˈroʊdblɑːk/ [countable] (NAmE, especially journalism 尤用于新闻) something that prevents a plan from going ahead 障碍◆The project faces legal roadblocks.该项目面临法律上的障碍。■ handicap [countable] something, especially a lack of skill, knowledge or experience, that makes it more difficult for sb to do sth （尤指因缺乏技巧、知识或经验而造成的）障碍，阻碍◆Not speaking the language proved to be a bigger handicap than I'd imagined.事实证明不会讲这种语言所造成的障碍比我想象的大。 see also handicap ⇨ disability , handicap ⇨ block verb 1 ■ hindrance /ˈhɪndrəns/ / [countable, usually singular] (rather formal) a person or thing that makes it more difficult for sb to do sth or for sth to happen 造成妨碍的人（或事物）◆To be honest, she was more of a hindrance than a help.说实在的，她没帮上忙，反倒添了乱。OPP help ⇨ good thing see also hinder ⇨ block 1 block1 verb block plans 阻碍计划的实施block the drain 堵塞下水道block sb's exit 挡住某人的去路 ➡ See also the entries for ⇨ disrupt and ⇨ hold sb/sth up 另见disrupt条和hold sb/sth up条block ♦︎ interfere with sth ♦︎ handicap ♦︎ inhibit ♦︎ hamper ♦︎ hinder ♦︎ obstruct ♦︎ hold sb/sth backThese words all mean to prevent sth from happening, developing or making progress. 这些词均表示妨碍、阻挠、阻碍。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to hamper sb / hinder sb / hold sb back from (doing) sth◆to block / interfere with / inhibit / hamper / hinder / obstruct / hold back progress◆to block / interfere with / handicap / inhibit / hamper / hinder / hold back growth◆to block / interfere with / inhibit / hamper / hinder / obstruct development◆to block / interfere with / inhibit / hinder / obstruct a process◆to interfere with / inhibit / hamper / hinder / obstruct sb's work◆to block / interfere with / inhibit / hamper / hinder sb's ability (to do sth)◆to inhibit / hamper / hinder / hold back the recovery of sb / sth◆to block / hamper / hinder / obstruct an investigation◆to block / hamper / hinder sb's efforts◆to seriously interfere with / handicap / inhibit / hamper / hinder sb / sth◆to deliberately block / hinder / obstruct sth◆to greatly / significantly / severely handicap / hamper / hinder■ block [transitive] to prevent sth from happening, developing or making progress, especially by using official rules or procedures （尤指以官方的规章或程序）妨碍，阻碍◆The proposed merger has been blocked by the government.建议中的合并计划已经遭政府叫停。◆The new rules would effectively block protesters' attempts to assert their rights.这些新规章将大大妨碍抗议者的维权努力。■ interˈfere with sth phrasal verb to prevent sth from succeeding or happening as planned 妨碍；干扰◆She never allows her personal feelings to interfere with her work.她从不让自己的个人感情妨碍工作。◆Poor language skills can seriously interfere with communication.语言能力不佳会严重妨碍交流。▸ interference noun [uncountable] ◆We will not allow any interference with the normal democratic processes.我们绝不允许对正常的民主进程有任何干扰。NOTE 辨析 Block or interfere with sth?People usually block things such as plans or efforts deliberately. Things usually interfere with sth without anyone particularly intending them to. * block通常跟plan、effort等词搭配，指蓄意妨碍、阻碍。interfere with sth通常指并非有意妨碍、干扰。■ handicap / /ˈhændikæp/ / (-pp-) [transitive, usually passive] to be a disadvantage which makes it more difficult for sb to do or achieve sth 妨碍；阻碍◆British exports have been handicapped by the strong pound.英镑坚挺，影响了英国的出口。◆The team was handicapped by the loss of their key striker early in the game.开场没多久就失去了主力前锋使球队处于不利的地位。 see also handicap ⇨ obstacle ■ inhibit / /ɪnˈhɪbɪt/ / [transitive] (formal) to prevent sth from happening or developing as quickly or as much as it would normally do 阻止，阻碍，抑制（正常的发展或进度）◆A lack of oxygen may inhibit brain development in the unborn child.缺氧可能阻碍胎儿大脑的发育。◆Alcohol significantly inhibits the action of the drug.酒精大大地抑制了药效。■ hamper [transitive] to make it more difficult for sb to do sth or achieve sth 妨碍；阻止；阻碍◆High winds hampered the rescue attempt.大风阻碍了救援行动。◆Our efforts were severely hampered by a lack of money.资金不足使我们的努力大打折扣。OPP help ⇨ help verb 2 ■ hinder [transitive] to make it more difficult for sb to do sth or achieve sth, often by delaying progress 阻碍，妨碍，阻挡（从而拖慢进度）◆These killings have seriously hindered progress towards peace.这些杀戮事件严重阻碍了和平进程。◆Some teachers felt hindered by a lack of resources.有些教师因资源不足而感到困难重重。OPP help ⇨ help verb 2 see also hindrance ⇨ obstacle NOTE 辨析 Handicap, hamper or hinder?If a person, project or process is handicapped, it is difficult for them to make progress or to achieve sth because of a weakness or disadvantage, such as lack of money or equipment, rules and regulations, etc. If sb is hindered or hampered in doing sth, making progress may also be difficult because of a weakness or disadvantage, or there might be some outside person or factor which actively makes progress difficult, for example bad weather or people who do not cooperate with them. * handicap指人、项目或进程因为某个缺点或不利条件而受阻，如资金或设备不足、规章制度的限制等。hinder和hamper既可以指因某个缺点或不利条件而受阻，也可以指因局外人或外在因素而使进展困难，如天气不好或有人不合作。■ obstruct / /əbˈstrʌkt/ / [transitive] (rather formal) to deliberately prevent sb from doing sth or from making progress 故意妨碍；刻意阻挠◆They were charged with obstructing the police in the course of their duty.他们被指控妨碍警察执行公务。◆He accused terrorists of attempting to obstruct the peace process.他谴责恐怖分子企图阻碍和平进程。■ hold sb/sth back phrasal verb to prevent or slow down the progress or development of sb/sth 妨碍进展；拖慢进度◆Do you think that mixed ability classes hold back better students?你认为把能力参差的学生混在一班会妨碍高水平学生的进步吗？◆They are determined that nothing should hold back the negotiations.他们决意什么也不能阻挡谈判的进行。OPP encourage ⇨ encourage 3 |