➡ See also the entry for ⇨ discrimination另见discrimination条racism ♦︎ nationalism ♦︎ patriotism ♦︎ sexism ♦︎ bigotry ♦︎ ageism ♦︎ chauvinism ♦︎ xenophobia ♦︎ sectarianismThese are all words for beliefs that some groups of people are better or more important than others, based on their race, nationality, sex or age.这些词均表示基于种族、国籍、性别或年龄的不平等对待、歧视。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆rampant racism / nationalism / sexism◆overt / blatant racism / sexism◆to combat racism / sexism / ageism◆a form of racism / nationalism / patriotism / sexism / bigotry / ageism / chauvinism■racism / /ˈreɪsɪzəm/ / [uncountable] (disapproving) the unfair treatment of people who belong to a different race; violent behaviour towards them; the belief that some races of people are better than others种族歧视；种族迫害；种族主义◆a victim of racism种族歧视的受害者◆ugly outbreaks of racism危险的种族迫害事件◆irrational racism不理性的种族主义 see also race ⇨ people2▸racist
noun
[countable] ◆He's a racist.他是个种族主义者。▸racist
adjective
◆racist thugs种族主义暴徒◆racist attitudes / attacks / remarks种族主义态度／攻击／言论■nationalism [uncountable] the desire by a group of people who share the same race, culture, language, etc. to form an independent country; a feeling of love for and pride in your country国家主义；民族主义；民族自豪感◆Scottish nationalism苏格兰民族主义ⓘ Nationalism is not usually a disapproving term; it can, however, be used in a disapproving way when sb's pride in their country turns into a feeling that their country is better than any other. * nationalism通常不是贬义词。不过，当某人的民族自豪感转变成感觉自己国家优于任何其他国家时，该词可作贬义◆ (disapproving) The war was fuelled by aggressive nationalism and feelings of cultural superiority.这场战争因激进的民族主义和文化优越感而进一步激发。▸nationalist
◆nationalist sentiments民族主义情绪■patriotism / /ˈpeɪtriətɪzəm, BrE alsoˈpætɪzəm/ / [uncountable] (usuallyapproving) love of your country and willingness to defend it爱国主义；爱国精神◆The early war poems promoted patriotism, justice and principle.早期的战争诗歌弘扬爱国主义、正义和原则。▸patriot
noun
[countable] ◆I wouldn't say I'm a great patriot, but I would never betray my country.我不会说我是个伟大的爱国者，但我绝不会出卖我的国家。▸patriotic / /ˌpeɪtriˈɒtɪk, ˌpætiˈɒtɪk; NAmEˌpeɪtriˈɑːtɪk/
adjective
◆a patriotic man who served his country well为国尽忠的爱国者◆patriotic songs爱国歌曲■sexism [uncountable] (disapproving) the unfair treatment of people, especially women, because of their sex; the attitude that causes this（尤指对女性的）性别歧视，性别偏见◆legislation designed to combat sexism in the workplace旨在打击工作场所性别歧视的法规◆a study of sexism in language对语言中存在的性别歧视的研究▸sexist
adjective
◆a sexist attitude性别歧视的态度◆sexist language有性别歧视的语言■bigotry /ˈbɪgətri/ / [uncountable] (disapproving) the state of feeling, or the act of expressing, strong, unreasonable beliefs or opinions, especially concerning religion or race（尤指对宗教或种族的）顽固盲从，偏执◆When religious people show bigotry and intolerance, they are in fact betraying the religion they uphold.当信教的人表现出偏执和不宽容时，他们实际上是背叛了自己坚持的宗教。▸bigot
noun
[countable] ◆a religious / racial bigot宗教／种族的偏执者▸bigoted
adjective
◆a bigoted man偏执的人■ageism ( agism) / /ˈeɪdʒɪzəm/ / [uncountable] unfair treatment of people because they are considered too old对老年人的歧视；年龄歧视◆This form of ageism deprives older people of social status and role.这种形式的年龄歧视剥夺了老年人的社会地位和职能。■chauvinism /ˈʃəʊvɪnɪzəm; NAmEˈʃoʊvɪnɪzəm/ [uncountable] (disapproving) an aggressive and unreasonable belief that your own country is better than all others; the belief held by some men that men are more important, intelligent, etc. than women沙文主义；大男子主义◆national / cultural chauvinism民族／文化沙文主义◆Male chauvinism was rife in the medical profession in those days.那时候，医疗界充斥着大男子主义。▸chauvinist
noun
[countable] ◆She denounced him as a male chauvinist pig.她指责他是个可恶的大男子主义者。■xenophobia /ˌzenəˈfəʊbiə; NAmEˌzenəˈfoʊbiə/ [uncountable] (disapproving) a strong feeling of dislike or fear of people from other countries仇外，惧外（对外国人的厌恶或惧怕）◆a campaign against racism and xenophobia反对种族主义和仇外情绪的运动■sectarianism /sekˈteəriənɪzəm; NAmEsekˈteriənɪzəm/ [uncountable] (disapproving, especially journalism尤用于新闻) strong support for one particular religious or political group, especially when this leads to violence between different groups（尤指导致不同群体间暴力相向的）宗派主义◆reports of a rise in religious and ethnic sectarianism关于宗教和种族派别暴力事件增加的报告◆victims of sectarianism宗派主义的受害者▸sectarian
adjective
[usually before noun] ◆sectarian attacks / violence教派攻击／暴力活动◆attempts to break down the sectarian divide in Northern Ireland旨在消除北爱尔兰宗教派系分歧的努力 see also sect ⇨ religion