| 例句 |
exclude2 verb exclude sugar from your diet 饮食中不含糖分exclude sb from a club 阻止某人加入俱乐部 ➡ See also the entries for ⇨ ban verb, ⇨ evacuate and ⇨ expel 另见ban动词词条、evacuate条和expel条exclude ♦︎ expel ♦︎ keep sb/sth out ♦︎ drop ♦︎ shut sb/sth out ♦︎ ostracize ♦︎ blacklist ♦︎ excommunicateThese words all mean to prevent sb/sth from taking part in sth or entering a place, or to make sb leave a place. 这些词均表示阻止参加、拒之门外或驱逐。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆to exclude / expel / drop / excommunicate sb from sth◆to exclude / expel / drop / ostracize / blacklist / excommunicate sb for sth◆to exclude / expel a pupil / student / child◆to feel excluded / ostracized■ exclude [transitive, often passive] to prevent sb/sth from entering a place or taking part in sth 防止⋯进入；阻止⋯参加◆Women are still excluded from some golf clubs.有些高尔夫球俱乐部仍拒绝接纳女会员。◆Large multinationals can make bids which effectively exclude local firms.大型跨国公司可以投标，这样实际上排挤了地方企业。◆Many local people feel excluded from decisions that affect their own community.许多当地人觉得在自己社区的决策中没有发言权。ⓘ In British English, exclude can also mean to forbid a student to attend school for a time because of bad behaviour. 在英式英语中，exclude还可表示“勒令行为不端的学生停学一段时间” (BrE) ◆Concern is growing over the number of children excluded from school.被学校停学的儿童人数引起了人们越来越多的关注。In American English use expel. 在美式英语中用expel来表达此义。 OPP admit ⇨ let sb in , involve ⇨ include 1 ▸ exclusion / /ɪkˈskluːʒn/ / noun [uncountable, countable] ◆ (rather formal) the causes of social exclusion不为社会所容的原因 (BrE) ◆Two exclusions from one school in the same week is unusual.一所学校在一周之内就有两起令学生停学的事，这很少见。■ expel / /ɪkˈspel/ / (-ll-) [transitive] to officially make sb leave a school or an organization, usually because they have broken the rules or done sth wrong （通常因犯规或犯错）把⋯开除（或除名）◆She was expelled from school at 15.她15岁时被学校开除了。◆A number of Olympic athletes were expelled for drug-taking.一些奥运会运动员因服用禁药被取消比赛资格。◆They were forcibly expelled from their farm by the occupying authorities.他们被那些抢占他们土地的当权者强行驱逐出农场。▸ expulsion / /ɪkˈspʌlʃn/ / noun [uncountable, countable] ◆The principal threatened the three girls with expulsion.校长以开除来威胁这三名女生。■ ˌkeep sb/sth ˈout phrasal verb (kept, kept)to prevent sb/sth from entering a place 阻止进入；把⋯阻挡在外◆Keep that dog out of my study!别让那狗进我的书房！◆They took security precautions to keep intruders out.他们采取了安全措施以阻止闯入者。◆The house has extra insulation to keep out the cold.这所住宅加装了隔热装置以防寒。 OPP let sb in ⇨ let sb in ■ drop (-pp-) [transitive] to no longer include sb in a team or group （从队伍或小组中）除去◆She's been dropped from the team because of injury.她因伤离队了。■ ˌshut sb/sth ˈout phrasal verb (shutting, shut, shut)to prevent sb/sth from entering a place 阻止进入；把⋯阻挡在外◆Mum, Ben keeps shutting me out of the bedroom!妈，本老是不让我进卧室！◆They make sunglasses which shut out 99% of the sun's harmful rays.他们生产的太阳镜能遮挡99%的有害太阳光线。◆He carefully locked the door behind him, shutting out the world.他小心翼翼地把身后的门锁上，把世界关在外面。NOTE 辨析 Exclude, keep sb/sth out or shut sb/sth out? Exclude is slightly more formal and usually refers to a rule or policy which stops sb from entering a place, such as a building or event. Keep sb/sth out and shut sb/sth out are slightly more informal and usually refer to sth which physically stops sb from entering a place. Shut sb/sth out emphasizes the idea of a physical barrier, such as a door. * exclude稍正式，通常指规定或政策阻止某人进入建筑物或参加活动。keep sb/sth out和shut sb/sth out稍非正式，通常指用实质的障碍物阻挡某人进入。shut sb/sth out强调像门这样的实体障碍。■ ostracize (BrE also ostracise) / /ˈɒstrəsaɪz; NAmE ˈɑːstrəsaɪz/ [transitive] (formal) (of a group of people) to refuse to let sb be a member of a social group; to refuse to meet or talk to sb （团体）排挤；排斥◆He was ostracized by his colleagues for refusing to support the strike.他因拒绝支持罢工而受到同事的排挤。◆The regime risks being ostracized by the international community.这一政权有遭到国际社会排斥的风险。■ blacklist /ˈblæklɪst/ / [transitive] to put the name of sb/sth on a list of people, products or countries that an organization or government considers unacceptable or that must be avoided 将⋯列入黑名单◆She was blacklisted by all the major Hollywood studios because of her political views.由于她的政见，所有的好莱坞大制片公司都拒绝用她。◆At present, anything except specifically blacklisted substances can be dumped at sea.目前，未明令禁止的所有物质都可以倾倒进大海。ⓘ The list of people, products or countries is called a blacklist. * blacklist指黑名单◆a blacklist of countries where illegal copying of software is thought to be widespread盛行非法复制软件的国家黑名单 ■ excommunicate / /ˌekskəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ / [transitive] to punish sb by officially stating that they can no longer be a member of a Christian Church, especially the Roman Catholic Church 开除教籍（尤指天主教）；绝罚◆The Vatican upheld its decision to excommunicate seven women who were ordained as priests last year.梵蒂冈坚持决议，开除去年接受任命的七名女司铎的教籍。▸ excommunication noun [uncountable, countable] ◆They were threatened with excommunication.他们受到取消教籍的威胁。 |