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confusion noun
⇨ chaos (The smoke bombs created confusion and panic.) ⇨ doubt 1 (confusion about what to do next) chaos noun ➡ See also the entry for ⇨ mess 2 另见mess条第2义chaos ♦︎ confusion ♦︎ mess ♦︎ commotion ♦︎ mayhem ♦︎ havoc ♦︎ shambles ♦︎ pandemonium ♦︎ uproarThese are all words for a state of confusion and lack of order. 这些词均表示混乱无序。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆in chaos / (the) confusion / a mess / the commotion / the mayhem / a shambles / pandemonium / (an) uproar◆(a) complete / total chaos / confusion / mess / mayhem / shambles / pandemonium◆general chaos / confusion / commotion / mayhem / pandemonium◆(a) great confusion / commotion / uproar◆to cause chaos / confusion / a mess / a commotion / mayhem / havoc / pandemonium / (an) uproar◆to create chaos / confusion / a mess / mayhem / havoc◆to bring chaos / mayhem / havoc◆to sort out the chaos / mess / shambles◆chaos / a commotion / mayhem / pandemonium / uproar breaks out◆chaos / confusion / pandemonium reigns◆There is / was chaos / confusion / a commotion / mayhem / pandemonium / uproar.◆It is / was chaos / a mess / mayhem / a shambles / pandemonium.■ chaos / /ˈkeɪɒs; NAmE ˈkeɪɑːs/ [uncountable] a situation in which things are happening in a confused way and there is no order or control at all 混乱；杂乱；紊乱◆Heavy flooding is causing total chaos across the country.严重的洪涝正导致全国陷入混乱。◆The house was in chaos after the party.聚会后，房子里一片狼藉。◆People started shouting and the meeting descended into chaos.人们叫喊起来，会议陷入混乱。OPP order ⇨ efficiency ▸ chaotic /keɪˈɒtɪk; NAmE keɪˈɑːtɪk/ adjective ◆It's a bit chaotic around here at the moment.眼下这儿有点混乱。◆Amid chaotic scenes in court, the long-awaited verdict was announced.在一片混乱中，法庭宣布了等待很久的判决。■ confusion [uncountable] a situation in which a lot of things are happening at the same time and people do not know what action to take （让人不知所措的）混乱局面，乱成一团◆The protesters set off smoke bombs to create confusion and panic.抗议者点燃烟幕弹，制造混乱和恐慌。◆The local council has been thrown into total confusion by her resignation.她辞职后，地方议会完全陷入混乱状态。NOTE 辨析 Chaos or confusion? Chaos generally describes a total lack of order in a system or situation; confusion is mainly used about a group of people who suddenly don't know what to do. * chaos一般指系统或局面完全失控，confusion主要指一群人突然不知所措。■ mess [countable, usually singular] (rather informal) a situation that is full of problems because of a lack of organization or because people have made mistakes （组织欠佳或人为导致的）麻烦，困境，混乱◆The economy is in a mess.经济陷入了困境。◆The whole situation is a mess.整件事就是一团糟。◆I feel I've made a terrible mess of things.我觉得我把事情弄糟了。◆A new managing director has been appointed to clear up the financial mess.新任命了一位常务董事来收拾财务的残局。◆Who got us into this mess in the first place?首先，究竟是谁让我们惹上这样的麻烦？▸ messy adjective ◆The divorce was painful and messy.那次离婚既痛苦又纠缠不清。■ commotion /kəˈməʊʃn; NAmE kəˈmˈmoʊʃn/ [countable, usually singular, uncountable] sudden noisy confusion or excitement （突然发生的）喧闹，骚乱，骚动◆I heard a commotion upstairs and went to see what was happening.我听到楼上一阵喧闹，便去看看发生了什么事情。◆She waited until the commotion died down.她一直等着，直到骚乱渐渐平息。■ mayhem /ˈmeɪhem/ / [uncountable] (rather formal) confusion and fear, sometimes involving violence or injury, usually caused by some sudden shocking event （由突发的恐惧导致的）骚乱，慌乱◆The gales caused mayhem across much of the country.狂风在该国大部分地区造成了混乱。◆The terrorists brought mayhem to the crowded shopping area.恐怖分子在人流密集的商业区制造恐慌。■ havoc / /ˈhævək/ / [uncountable] a situation in which there are a lot of problems and confusion because of the bad effect of sth 灾害；祸患；混乱◆This new virus has created havoc for computer users.这种新病毒已经给计算机用户造成灾难。◆The fog is playing havoc with flight schedules.大雾严重打乱航班时刻表。◆Continuing strikes are beginning to wreak havoc on the economy.持续的罢工开始严重破坏经济。■ shambles [singular] (rather informal) a situation that is completely unsuccessful because of a lack of organization or because people have made mistakes （组织欠佳或人为导致的）混乱局面，无序场面，一片狼藉◆The economy was in a shambles last year.去年的经济一片混乱。◆Our defending was a complete shambles.我们的防守完全是一团糟。◆What a shambles!好乱哪！NOTE 辨析 Mess or shambles? Shambles is a stronger word than mess and suggests a situation in which organization has broken down completely. * shambles比mess语气更强烈，指秩序完全瘫痪的局面。■ pandemonium /ˌpændəˈməʊniəm; NAmE ˌpændəˈmoʊniəm/ [uncountable] (rather formal) a situation in which there is a lot of noise, activity and confusion, especially because people are feeling angry or frightened （尤指因人群愤怒或恐慌而造成的）骚动，喧嚣◆Pandemonium broke out when the news was announced.这消息一公布，立即乱成一片。◆It was absolute pandemonium in there.那里完全是一片混乱。■ uproar [uncountable, singular] a situation in which people shout and make a lot of noise because they are angry or upset about sth 吵闹；喧嚣；叫喊◆The trial ended in uproar.审判在吵闹中结束。◆Her comments provoked an uproar from the audience.她的评论激起了听众的鼓噪。 doubt1 noun a feeling of doubt 疑惑的感觉raise/express doubts about sth 对某事提出／表示疑问doubt ♦︎ question ♦︎ uncertainty ♦︎ confusion ♦︎ a question mark over sth ♦︎ indecisionThese are all words for a feeling that you are not sure about sb/sth. 这些词均表示困惑或疑惑。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆doubt / uncertainty / confusion / a question mark / indecision over sth◆doubt / uncertainty / confusion / indecision about / as to sth◆in doubt / question / uncertainty◆beyond / without doubt / question◆considerable doubt / uncertainty / confusion◆serious doubt / confusion◆slight uncertainty / confusion◆to come into / be open to doubt / question◆to express doubt / uncertainty◆to clear up / dispel doubt / uncertainty / confusion■ doubt [uncountable] the state of not being sure about sth or not believing sth 疑惑；困惑；不确定；不相信◆There is some doubt about the best way to do it.人们对这件事的最佳做法有点疑惑。◆There is no doubt at all that we did the right thing.毫无疑问我们做得对。◆New evidence has cast doubt on the guilt of the man jailed for the crime.新的证据使大家对这个犯罪入狱的男人是否有罪产生了疑问。◆The success of the system is not in doubt.这种制度的成功确定无疑。◆If in doubt, wear black.拿不定主意就穿黑色衣服吧。◆He's made some great movies. There's no doubt about it.他拍了一些很优秀的影片，这一点毫无疑问。◆ (law 法律) The prosecution was able to establish beyond reasonable doubt that the woman had been lying.控方可以确切无疑地证实这个女人一直在撒谎。 see also doubtful ⇨ unlikely 1 , doubtful ⇨ unsure ■ question [uncountable] a lack of certainty about sth that is shared with other people 怀疑；困惑◆Her honesty is beyond question.她的诚实是毋庸置疑的。◆His suitability for the job is open to question.他是否适合这项工作还需要考虑。◆Her version of events was accepted without question.她对事情的陈述被毫无疑问地接受了。◆The incident brought into question the safety of travellers in the region.这次事件引起了人们对该地区的游客安全问题的怀疑。■ uncertainty [uncountable] (rather formal) the state of not being sure about sth 犹豫；迟疑；无把握◆There is considerable uncertainty about the company's future.这家公司的前景相当渺茫。◆He had an air of uncertainty about him.他显出对他将信将疑的神情。 OPP certainty ⇨ faith see also uncertain ⇨ unsure NOTE 辨析 Doubt or uncertainty? Doubt often refers to an active state of mind that questions sb/sth. * doubt常指对人、事、物有所怀疑的一种积极心态◆Religious doubt is an integral element of faith.怀疑是宗教信仰的一个组成部分。 Uncertainty is less forceful and means a more passive lack of certainty about sth. * uncertainty语义较弱，指一种比较消极的不确定性◆Religious uncertainty is an integral element of faith. ■ confusion [uncountable, countable] a state of uncertainty about what is happening, what you should do or what sth means 不确定；困惑◆There is some confusion about what the correct procedure should be.对于正确程序应该是什么还是有些不明确。◆There was a confusion as to what to do next.不清楚下一步该怎么办。 see also confused ⇨ confused 1 , confusing ⇨ confusing ■ a ˈquestion mark over sth■ a ˈquestion mark against sth idiom (rather informal) used to say that sth is not certain, especially what will happen to sth in the future 对（前景）的疑问；悬在⋯上的问号◆There's still a big question mark hanging over his future with the team.他在队里的前途如何还是个大问号。■ indecision / /ˌɪndɪˈsɪʒn/ / [uncountable] the state of being unable to decide on sth 无决断力；优柔寡断◆After a moment's indecision, he said yes.犹豫片刻之后，他答应了。◆She went through a period of terrible uncertainty and indecision.她经历过一个极度彷徨和无所适从的阶段。▸ indecisive / /ˌɪndɪˈsaɪsɪv/ / adjective ◆a weak and indecisive man软弱而且不果断的人 |