so-called ♦︎ fake ♦︎ false ♦︎ bogus ♦︎ dummy ♦︎ counterfeit ♦︎ phoney ♦︎ shamThese words all describe things and people that are not genuine, or not what they appear to be.这些词均表示假的、冒充的、伪造的。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a so-called / fake / bogus / phoney doctor◆a fake / false / bogus identity◆a fake / false / counterfeit / phoney money / currency◆a fake / false / counterfeit coins◆a fake / false / phoney document / passport / invoice◆a fake / false beard / moustache / nose / tan◆a fake / bogus / sham marriage◆a fake / dummy / phoney bomb◆a fake / dummy gun◆fake / counterfeit goods◆a fake / phoney accent◆a false / bogus claim / application◆obviously fake / false / bogus / phoney■ˌso-ˈcalled [only before noun] (disapproving) used to show that you do not think that the word or phrase that is being used to describe sb/sth is appropriate（表示不认同）所谓的◆The court heard the opinion of a so-called 'expert'.法庭听取了一个所谓“专家”的意见。◆How have these so-called improvements helped the local community?这些所谓的进步对当地社会带来了多少帮助呢？ⓘ So-called always expresses disapproval; bogus, phoney and sham also often suggest disapproval, but the other words in this group are more simply descriptive. * so-called总是表示不认同；bogus、phoney和sham也常意味着不认同，但本组词汇中其他单词更多为描述性的。■fakenot genuine, but made to seem real to deceive people假的；伪造的◆There were a few stalls selling fake designer clothing.有几个货摊出售假冒的名牌服装。◆The caller appeared to have a fake American accent.打电话的人好像是在假装美国口音。 see also fake ⇨ fakenoun■falsefake假的；伪造的◆The case had a false bottom where documents or even a small radio could be hidden.那箱子有个假底，里面能够藏文件，甚至藏个小收音机。◆She was accused of obtaining money under false pretences(= by pretending to be sb / sth she was not).她被控诈骗钱财。NOTE辨析 Fake or false?In many cases you can use either word; however, false is used more frequently to describe documents and parts of the body such as eyelashes, teeth or a beard, moustache or nose (although fake is preferred for tan). Fake is used more frequently to describe other objects.在许多情况下这两个词可以通用，不过false更常用于描述文件或身体的某些部位，如eyelashes、teeth、beard、moustache或nose（但描述tan最好用fake）；fake更常用于描述其他物品◆fake goods / flowers / pearls / bombs假货；假花；假珍珠；假炸弹 see also fake,false ⇨ artificial1■bogus /ˈbəʊgəs; NAmEˈboʊgəs/ (usuallydisapproving) pretending to be genuine假的；冒充的；伪造的◆The bogus doctor had been working from premises in Chelsea.那个冒牌医生一直在切尔西的事务所工作。◆Bogus claims of injury by workers are costing companies thousands of pounds.工人虚报受伤情况索赔使一些公司损失成千上万英镑。ⓘ Bogus is most often used with nouns for jobs such as doctor, health worker, social worker, official and police officer and nouns for people who need help such as refugee and asylum seeker. False claims and applications made by such people can also be described as bogus. * bogus最常与有关职业的名词连用，如doctor、health worker、social worker、official和police officer，或者与有关求助者的名词连用，如refugee和asylum seeker。bogus也可修饰claim和application，表示这些人提出的虚假要求或申请。■dummy [only before noun] made to look real, although it is actually a copy which does not work假的；仿造的◆The soldiers train using dummy rifles.士兵用假步枪来训练。 see also dummy ⇨ fakenoun■counterfeit /ˈkaʊntəfɪt; NAmEˈkaʊntərfɪt/ (ratherformal) (of money and goods for sale) made to look exactly like sth in order to trick people into thinking that they are getting the real thing（钱币及商品）伪造的，假冒的，仿造的◆He was arrested for attempting to sell counterfeit watches.他因试图兜售冒牌手表而被逮捕。◆Are you aware these notes are counterfeit?你觉察到这些钞票是伪造的吗？ⓘ Typical collocates of counterfeit are notes, currency, money, clothing, goods, software, tapes and videos. * counterfeit的常见搭配词有notes、currency、money、clothing、goods、software、tapes和videos。■phoney (BrE) ( phony, especially in NAmE) /ˈfəʊni; NAmEˈfoʊni/ (informal, oftendisapproving) not genuine, but made to seem real to deceive people假的；伪造的◆She spoke with a phoney Russian accent.她用一种伪装的俄国口音说话。◆ (NAmE) He was arrested on charges of supplying illegal aliens with phony papers.他被指控向非法外侨提供假证件而被捕。ⓘ Phony has a much wider range of collocates in American English than phoney has in British English. In both British and American English it is frequently used to talk about people behaving in a way that does not seem natural, for example trying to be more interesting, funny or fashionable than they really are. A phoney accent is likely to be used in order to impress people; a fake accent is more likely to be used simply to deceive sb. In American English you can also talk about phony documents/passports/papers/money; in British English it is more usual to say false or fake. * phoney在美式英语中的搭配词比在英式英语中多得多。无论在英式还是美式英语中，该词常用于指人的行为不自然，例如试图表现得比实际上更有趣、更滑稽或更时髦。phoney accent可能用来给人留下深刻印象，而fake accent更可能仅是为了骗人。在美式英语里，也可使用phony documents/passports/papers/money（假文件；假护照；假证件；假钞票），而在英式英语中则更常用false或fake。■sham [only before noun] (disapproving) not genuine but intended to seem real虚假的；假装的◆She soon realized she was trapped in a sham marriage.她很快就意识到自己陷入了虚假的婚姻之中。ⓘ A sham marriage or relationship is one in which the people involved try to give the impression that their relationship is normal, when in fact they do not really love or care for each other. * sham修饰marriage或relationship时，指那些本来不相爱或不关心对方的人，为了令他人觉得关系正常而装出来的假象。
fake
noun
➡ See also the entry for ⇨ copynoun2另见copy名词词条第2义fake ♦︎ imitation ♦︎ forgery ♦︎ dummyThese are all words for an object that is not genuine but has been made to look as if it is.这些词均表示假货、仿制品、赝品。PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS 句型和搭配◆a good fake / imitation / forgery◆a cheap fake / imitation◆a poor / crude imitation / forgery■fake [countable] an object such as a work of art, a coin or a piece of jewellery that is not genuine but has been made to look as if it is假货；赝品◆All the paintings proved to be fakes.所有这些画结果证实都是赝品。◆She had long ago sold the diamonds and replaced them with fakes.她很久以前就卖掉了那些钻石首饰，代之以假货。 see also fake ⇨ artificialadj.1, fake ⇨ so-calledadj.■imitation / /ˌɪmɪˈteɪʃn/ / [countable] a copy of a type of product, material or production, especially sth expensive or well known仿制品；赝品◆Many tourists cannot tell the difference between authentic Indian craftwork and imported imitations.许多游客无法区分真正的印度工艺品和进口的仿制品。◆The remake is a pale imitation of the original 1966 film(= it is not nearly as good).重拍片远不如1966年的初版影片精彩。ⓘ People often use imitation to suggest that the copy is not nearly as good as the real thing. * imitation常用以表示仿制品远不如真品好◆a poor / cheap / pale / second-rate imitation低劣的／黯然失色的／二流的仿制品It can also be used like an adjective to talk about materials from which things are made or about copies of weapons. * imitation亦可如形容词一样使用，描述制作物品的材料或指武器的复制品◆imitation fur / gold / leather / marble / silk / pearls人造毛皮；仿金；人造革；仿大理石；仿真丝；假珍珠◆an imitation sword / firearm / gun / bomb仿真剑；仿真枪；仿真炸弹 see also imitation ⇨ artificial1■forgery /ˈfɔːdʒəri; NAmEˈfɔːrdʒəri/ [countable] something, for example a document, a piece of paper money or a painting, that has been copied in order to deceive people伪造品，赝品（意图欺骗他人）◆Experts are dismissing claims that the painting is a forgery.专家排除了这幅画是赝品的说法。◆If the signature on the deed is a forgery, the whole legal position changes.如果契约上的签名是伪造的，那么整个法律状况就改变了。▸forge
verb
[transitive] ◆She was getting good at forging her mother's signature.她把母亲的签名伪造得越来越惟妙惟肖了。NOTE辨析 Fake or forgery?Forgery is mostly used to talk about things that can be written, drawn, printed or painted, where this is done in order to deceive people. Fake can refer to any object that is made or produced, as well as artificial copies of natural objects (for example, jewels); fakes may or may not be used to deceive people. * forgery最常指以书写、描画、印刷或涂饰等方法制作的伪造品，伪造是为了欺骗人。fake可指任何人造物品和天然物品（如珠宝）的人工复制品，这些复制品不一定用来欺骗人。■dummy [countable] a thing that seems to be real but is only a copy of the real thing仿制品；仿造物◆The bottles of whisky on display are all dummies.陈列的一瓶瓶威士忌全是仿制品。ⓘ A dummy is often sth that has been made to look real so that people can use it for practising a possibly dangerous skill such as driving or shooting, or for a film or play. * dummy常指做得很逼真的仿制品，以供人们练习某项可能带有危险性的技能，如驾驶、射击，或用于拍电影或演戏。 see also dummy ⇨ so-calledadj.